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CLARENCE  Ae  OhBBVBB. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

Boston  Library  Consortium  Member  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/kingshandbookofb1878king2 


/ 

O'NBLLUBRARY 
BOSTON  COLLEGE 


•       MUTUAL    LIFE  INSURANCE  CO.  OF  NEW  YORK     »     NEW  ENGLAND   M  UTUAL  LIFE  INSURANCE   CO. 


MOSES  KlNG*lri*EUBUISHERj 


B 


[ H3KVMKD  -"CO LLEG e] 


COPYRIGHT,   1873. 


THE  CHOICEST  STYLES  OF 

Fine  Pocket  Knives, 

Fancy  Knives, 

SPORTSMEN'S  KNIVES. 

Table  Cutlery 

OF  THE   BEST  MAKERS. 
American  and  Foreign 

SCISSORS 

ELEGANTLY  FINISHED, 
OF  ALL  FORMS   AND    SIZES. 

cases  of  scissors; 
Shears, 

Razors. 

Dressing  Cases, 

LADIES'   COMPANION, 

traveller's  CASES, 

LUNCHEON  BASKETS, 

FLASKS,   TELESCOPES, 

POCKET  COMPASSES, 
Small  Steel  Wares. 


IMP"'      f  ~\       ""»  M 
l^/CAN,£UOV^^ 

f  BENCH  .^-^  *  ^.OERMAM 


Sole  Agents 

FOR 

the  United  States   for 
ENGSTROM'S 

Swedish  Razors, 

the  best  in  the    world ; 
— for — 

ACHE  CLUB  SKATES, 

The  Only  Reliable  Self- 
Fastening  Skate; 
— for — 
WINSLOW'S    SKATES. 

DOG-COLLARS 

OF  EVERY  KIND, 

Muzzles  and  Chains. 

Pocket  Books, 

Fine  Leather  Goods. 


ANGLERS 

WILL  FIND  EVERYTHING  FOR 

FISHING 
of  the  most  reliable  quality. 


t 


("INSURANCE  COMPANY. 


BOSTON, 


JarorC.ABBOTT;. 


INSURAN 


Jjj 


r\ 


{J  U-L  ± 


D 


ANY, 


OF    BOSTON. 


CAPITAL. 


Gross  Assets,  July  1st,  1878, 

Gross  Liabilities,  July  1st,  1878, 

Net  Surplus  as  regards  Policy  Holders, 


$300,000. 

$510,696.76 

166,639.65 

344,057.11 


H.  D.  BRADBURY,  Secretary.  K.  S.  CHAFFEE,  President. 

S.  S.  NORTON,  General   Manager. 


ALLIANCE 

Insurance  Company, 

43  Milk  Street, 


BOSTON. 


Charles  R.  Howard, 

Secretary. 


George  H.  Long, 

President. 


NEW  YORK  AGENCY, 
155  BROADWAY. 


MONROSE  &  MULVILLE,  Agents. 


THE  BOSTON  NATIONAL  BANK, 


Incorporated  as  a  State  Bank 

And  as  a  National  Bank 

in  1853. 

in  1864. 

Designated  United   States  Depository, 

95  MILK  STREET,    - 

-  Cor.  of  Pearl. 

CAPITAL 

.    $1, 

000,000. 

CHARLES   B.  HALL, 

JAMES  H.  BOUVE, 

PRESIDENT. 

CASHIER. 

DIRECTORS, 

EZRA   FARNSWORTH, 
CHARLES   S.  KENDALL, 
DAVID   L.  WEBSTER, 
F.  A.  HAWLEY, 

SILAS   PEIRCE,  Jr., 
CYRUS  WAKEFIELD, 
LYMAN   NICHOLS, 
CHARLES   B.  HALL, 

DISCOUNT,        J 

TUESDAY 

AND 

FRIDAY 

j      at  12  o'clock,  M. 

Rice,  Kendall  &  Co. 

Paper  Merchants, 


DEALERS    IN 


3aper  Manufacturers'  Materials, 


f 


ELTS 


f 


I  RES, 


* 


C. 


Alex'r  H.  Rice. 
Charles  S.  Kendall. 
J.  Willard  Rice. 
Charles  S.  Kendall,  Jr. 


91   FEDERAL  STREET, 


BOSTON". 


[Established  in  1831.] 


JOSEPH  T.  BROWN  &  CO. 

APOTHECARIES  AND  CHEMISTS, 

DEALERS   IN 

FINE  DRUGS  AND  PHARMACEU- 
TICAL   PREPARATIONS, 

IMPORTERS   OF 


DARE  PERFUMES 

1  l  AND 


s 


TOILET  REQUISITE 

PROPRIETORS   OF 

Owe  Flower  and  Glycerine  Emollient, 

Nature's  Face  Powder,  or  Acme  ol  Beauty, 

CHINESE  CEMENT, 

Extract  ot  Ginger  and  Cardamom. 

m  WASHINGTON,  /j(U 

JUl  CORNER    BEDFORD  STREET.  I!  U  Tt 

Joseph  T.  Brown.  Joseph  T.  Brown,  Jr. 
Charles  H.  Bassett. 


Wm.  Claflin,  Coburn  &  Co. 

[Established  182/.] 
manufacturers  and  wholesale  dealers  in 

BOOTS  AND  LEATHER 


136    AND    138    SUMMER    STREET, 

(On  the  site  of  Daniel  Webster's  Home.) 


BOSTON. 


William  Claflin. 
N.  P.  Coburn. 
Jas.  A.  Woolson 
W.  Fiske  Claflin. 
Wm.  F.  Gregory. 


Tannery  at  Becket,  Mass. 
Factories  at  Hopkinton,  Mass. 


/> 


Franklin    Fire   Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia. 
Gross  Cash  Assets, $3,3G3,445.74 

Imperial  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  London,  Eng. 
Total  Resources, $12,270,090.75 

Northern   Assurance  Company  of   London,  Eng. 
Total  Resources £25,225,590.44 


Orient  Insurance  Company  of   Hartford,  Conn 
Gross  Cash  Assets, , $778,279.01 

Standard   Fire   Insurance  Company  of  Trenton,  N.J. 
Gross  Cash  Assets, #30G,G25.07 

Hoffman   Fire   Insurance.  Company  of  New  York. 


Gross  Cash  Assets, 


$377,345.27 


O     CO 

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I- 
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HE  BOSTON  OF  THE  PAST. 


A    SKETCH    OF   ITS    HISTORY. 

NO  city  in  the  United  States  has  a  more  inter- 
esting history  than  Boston.  It  was  settled  in 
the  year  1630;  and  up  to  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
lution it  was  the  first  town  in  the  country,  both  in 
point  of  population  and  influence.  In  1628  the 
district  known  as  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony 
was  bought  by  people  from  Dorchester,  England  ; 
and  a  year  later  Charlestown,  now  a  part  of  Boston, 
was  first  settled.  The  peninsula  lying  opposite 
Charlestown,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Charles 
River,  was  then  called  Mushauwomuk  by  the  In- 
dians, which  is  said  by  some  historians  to  have  signified  "living  fountains," 
and  by  others  "free  land,"  or  "land  unclaimed;"  and  this  has  since 
become  abbreviated  to  "  Shawmut."  Winthrop  and  his  associates,  who 
settled  it  from  Charlestown,  called  it  Trimountaine,  probably  from  its 
three  hills  afterwards  known  as  Beacon,  Copp's,  and  Fort  Hills,  though 
possibly  from  the  three  peaks  of  Beacon  Hill,  described  in  1633  by  Wood 
the  voyager  as  "three  little  hills  on  top  of  a  high  mountain."  The  first 
settler  here  was  the  Rev.  William  Blaxton,  who  lived  between  the  present 
Louisburg  Square  and  the  Charles  River.  He  held  an  unquestioned 
proprietorship  to  the  whole  peninsula  of  Boston  ;  and  when  his  ownership 
was  recognized  by  the  court,  each  householder  agreed  to  pay  no  less  than 

Copyrighted  in  1878  by  Moses  King. 


AVNG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


First  House   in   Boston. 


six  shillings  to  make  up  the  required  sum  of  ^30  to  buy  of  him  all  but  six 
acres  where  his  house  stood.  This  was  accomplished  ;  and  with  the  pur- 
chase-money he  bought  some  cows,  and  "  moved  on,"  establishing  himself 

in  a  new  home  at  a  point  then  far 
away  from  Boston,  on  the  banks  of  a 
picturesque  river,  which  is  now  known 
as  the  Blackstone,  named  after  him. 

Ann  Pollard,  who  lived  to  the  ripe 
old  age  of  105,  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  white  woman  that  landed  in 
Boston.  According  to  her  story,  she 
came  over  in  one  of  the  first  ships 
that  reached  Charlestown  ;  and  a  few 
days  afterwards  a  party  of  young 
people  rowed  to  Boston  to  get  some 
good  water.  As  the  boat  neared  the 
shore,  she,  being  a  romping  girl,  declared  that  she  would  land  first,  and 
immediately  jumped  from  the  bow  to  the  beach. 

In  1630  the  first  general  court  of  the  colony  was 
held  in  Boston.  John  Winthrop  was  the  first  gov- 
ernor elected  by  the  colonists,  and  Thomas  Dudley 
the  deputy-governor.  Had  these  two  carried  out  their 
plan  of  fortifying  "  New-towne,"  the  present  Cam- 
bridge, the  result  would  possibly  have  been,  that  either 
the  latter,  or  some  other  town,  would  have  become  the 
New-England  metropolis,  instead  of  Boston.  Win- 
throp, however,  after  he  and  others  had  built  houses 
at  New-towne,  saw  that  Boston  was  the  most  prom- 
ising site,  and  consequently  abandoned  the  project, 
causing  thereby  the  enmity  of  Dudley.  This  circum- 
stance, possibly  combined  with  jealousy,  led  to  un- 
friendly disputes  between  those  two  magnates,  which 
had  to  be  settled  by  arbitrators.  .  The  old  beacon, 
shown  in  all  the  early  plans  of  the  town,  and  which 
gave  the  name  to  Beacon  Hill,  was  erected  in  1634-5 
to  alarm  the  country  in  case  of  invasion.  It  stood 
near  the  present  State  House,  the  exact  spot  being 
the  south-east  corner  of  the  reservoir  on  Temple 
Street.  It  was  a  tall  mast,  standing  on  cross  timbers 
placed  upon  a  stone  foundation,  supported  by  braces, 
and  was  ascended  by  treenails  driven  into  it ;  and, 
sixty-five  feet  from  the  base,  projected  a  crane  of  iron  from  which  an  iron 


Beacon,    Beacon    Hill. 


From  ••  PioncerB  in  the  Set.lement  of  Ameiica."     Estes  &  Lauriat,  Boston. 


QUARREL  BETW  EN  WINTHROP  AND  DUDLEY. 


4  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

skeleton  frame  was  suspended,  to  receive  a  barrel  of  tar  or  other  combust- 
ibles. When  fired  this  could  be  seen  for  a  great  distance  inland.  It  was 
newly  erected  in  1768,  having  fallen  from  some  cause  unknown  ;  and  in  1789 
it  was  blown  down.  The  next  year  a  monument  of  brick,  sixty  feet  high 
and  four  in  diameter,  was  erected  on  its  site  to  the  memory  of  those  who  fell 
at  Bunker  Hill;  and  in  181 1  this  was  taken  down,  the  mound  being  levelled. 

The  happiest  people  are  those  who  have  no  history;  and  there  is  not 
much  of  moment  to  record  concerning  this  thriving  town  during  the  first 
century  of  its  existence.  A  few  interesting  facts  from  the  quaint  records  of 
the  early  day  will  show  the  state  of  society  and  public  opinion.  From  1637 
up  to  1676,  in  the  pages  of  local  history  can  be  found  cases  where  persons 
were  either  banished  from  Boston,  or  murdered  on  account  of  heresy, 
hung  on  charges  of  witchcraft,  punished  for  petty  misdemeanors  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  stocks,  whipped  or  fined  for  being  Baptists,  persecuted  in 
various  ways  for  being  Quakers,  or  placed  in  cages  for  violating  the  sab- 
bath. Up  to  the  last  century,  too,  slavery  existed  in  Boston.  In  1C55 
times  were  very  hard  ;  and  many  inhabitants  paid  their  taxes  with  produce, 
grain,  and  other  articles.  The  town  also  suffered  from  extensive  fires  in 
1676,  1679,  l7lli  and  1760;  over  350  buildings  being  destroyed  in  the  latter 
conflagration.  In  1686  there  was  trouble  between  the  colony  and  the  home 
government ;  and  Andrqs  an  unpopular  governor,  was  imprisoned  by  the 
people,  and  finally  in  1689  forced  to  leave  the  country.  The  colonial  char- 
ter was  withdrawn  ;  but  in  1692  came  a  new  governor,  with  an  olive-branch 
in  the  shape  of  a  new  charter,  and  the  troubles  temporarily  ceased.  Edward 
Ward,  a  cockney  traveller,  thus  described  the  young  town  in  1699:  "On  the 
south-west  side  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  is  Boston,  whose  name  is  taken  from 
a  town  in  Lincolnshire,  and  is  the  Metropolis  of  all  New  England.  The 
houses  in  some  parts  joyn  as  in  London.  The  buildings,  like  their  women, 
being  neat  and  handsome.  And  their  streets,  like  the  hearts  of  the  male 
inhabitants,  are  paved  with  pebble." 

The  first  attempt  to  establish  a  paper  was  made  in  1690,  and  the  first 
number  is  held  by  the  Colonial  State  Paper  Office  at  London.  A  copy  of 
this  by  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green,  was  published  in  vol.  i.  (1857)  of  "The  His- 
torical Magazine.''  The  first  newspaper  in  America  was  issued  in  Boston, 
its  publication  beginning  on  April  24,  1704.  It  was  called  "The  Boston 
News-Letter."  Its  founder  was  John  Campbell,  then  the  town  postmaster; 
and  the  first  number  may  yet  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society.  In  the  year  1706  Benjamin  Franklin  was,  it  is  stated, 
born  in  the  humble  little  house  which  stood  on  Milk  Street,  and  occupied 
the  site  of  the  present  "Boston  Post"  building.  The  old  house  stood  a 
hundred  and  twenty  years,  respected  as  one  of  the  most  notable  landmarks ; 
and  its  destruction  by  fire,  in  181 1,  was  keenly  regretted,  especially  by  the 


From  "  Pioneers  in  the  Settlement  of  America."     Estca  &  Lauriat,  Boston. 

ANDROS    A    PRISONER    IN    BOSTON. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


Franklin's   Birthplace,   Milk  Street. 


older  citizens.  It  is  also  said  that  Franklin  was  born  in  Hanover  Street.  In 
1728  two  young  men  fought  a  duel  on  the  Common,  one  of  them  being 
killed.     This  caused  the  passage  of  a  stringent  law  against  duelling.     The 

same  year  the  general  court  was 
removed  to  Salem.  Boston  was 
now  divided  into  twelve  wards,  it 
having  been  previously,  in  171 5, 
divided  into  eight  wards ;  and  in 
1740  it  had  five  public  schools  and 
fifteen  churches. 

Not  long  after  began  the  exciting 
displays  of  opposition  to  the  oppres- 
sions of  the  home  government,  and 
the  petty  tyrannies  of  some  of  its 
representatives  in  the  colony.  The 
citizens  were  jealous  of  their  rights, 
and  ever  ready  to  strike  for  them. 
In  1747  Commodore  Knowles  of  the 
British  navy,  being  short  of  men, 
openly  impressed  sailors  in  the 
streets  of  the  town:  and  thereupon 
there  was  a  lively  riot.  The  excitement  ran  high.  Some  British  officers 
were  seized,  and  were  held  as  hostages  by  the  irate  townspeople  until 
the  release  of  their  fellow-townsmen  ;  and  the  commodore  was  obliged  to 
submit,  and  to  return  the  impressed  men  when  the  officers  were  in  turn 
released.  In  1750  an  indignation  meeting  of  citizens  was  held  to  protest 
against  the  heavy  duty  levied  on  tea  and  other  articles  of  import.  In 
1765  the  "Sons  of  Liberty  "  were  organized  under  the  "  Liberty  Tree,"  a 
wide-spreading,  beautiful  elm,  which  stood  in  front  of  a  grocery,  near  what 
is  now  the  corner  of  Essex  and  Washington  Streets,  a  tablet  on  the 
present  building  marking  the  spot ;  and  here  were  exposed  the  effigies 
of  those  men  who  had  favored  the  passage  of  the  odious  Stamp-Act. 
During  the  exciting  period  which  followed,  nearly  all  the  great  political 
meetings  of  the  "  Sons  of  Liberty,"  called  together  by  the  hoisting  of  a 
flag  on  the  staff  extending  through  the  branches  of  the  tree,  were  held 
under  its  waving  boughs  and  in  the  square  about  it.  During  the  siege  of 
Boston,  about  the  last  of  August,  1775,  this  tree  was  cut  down  by  a  gang  in 
the  pay  of  the  British  soldiers  and  the  Tories,  after  standing  119  years. 
In  1770  there  was  continued  excitement  about,  and  opposition  to,  the  unjust 
revenues  imposed  by  the  home  government ;  and  we  read  of  an  anti-tea- 
drinking  society  that  was  formed  by  the  ladies.  On  the  5th  of  March  of 
this  year  the  Boston  Massacre  occurred,  in  which  five  citizens  were  killed 


ICING'S   HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


1 


and  several  wounded  by  the  British  soldiers.  The  affair  grew  out  of  a 
trivial  street-brawl  between  the  parties  in  King,  now  State,  Street.  Such 
was  the  feeling  caused  by  the  massacre,  that  it  was  deemed  expedient  by  the 
British  authorities  to  withdraw  the  troops  from  the  town.  This  massacre 
was,  however,  only  the  cloud  before  the  storm;  for  Boston  was  soon  to  be 
the  centre  of  warlike  operations  on  a  large  scale.  Dec.  16,  1773,  the  mem- 
orable "  Boston  tea-party"  occurred  ;  in  which  a  number  of  citizens  disguised 
as  Indians  boarded  several  English  ships  lying  at  the  wharf,  and  emptied 
342  chests  of  the  obnoxious  tea  into  the  harbor.  The  following  year  the 
harbor  was  entirely  closed  as  a  port  of  entry;  and  in  1775  began  the  struggle 


Dorcnester  Heights  and  the   Harbor. 


From  "  Harper  h  Weeklj.'' 


for  independence,  in  which  Boston  and  its  vicinity  took  such  a  prominent 
and  honorable  share.  In  April  the  skirmishes  at  Lexington  and  Concord 
took  place,  rousing  the  entire  country;  and  June  17  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  was  fought  at  Charlestown,  resulting  in  a  repulse  of  the  little  American 
army.  That  autumn  the  British  soldiers  occupied  the  Old  South  Church  as 
a  riding-school,  and  in  many  other  ways  made  themselves  particularly  disa- 
greeable to  the  patriotic  citizens  of  the  town.  The  British  occupied  Boston 
all  the  following  winter ;  the  army  under  Washington  prosecuting  its  siege 
with  much  perseverance  and  vigor,  so  that  in  March  the  Americans  were 
victorious,  forcing  Gen.  Howe  to  evacuate  the  town,  and  sail  away,  carrying 
with  him  a  thousand  Tories. 


8  A'/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  evacuation  of  Boston  was  the  result  of  a  strategic  movement  of 
Washington,  in  taking  possession  of  the  bold,  rugged  hill  known  as  Dor- 
chester Heights,  now  a  part  of  South  Boston,  though  still  retaining  its  old 
name  among  the  older  residents  of  the  city.  Washington  confidently  ex- 
pected an  attack  from  Howe,  and  had  prepared  a  counter  stroke.  Two 
divisions  under  Putnam  were  to  attack  the  town.  Sullivan,  with  one,  was 
to  assault  the  works  on  Beacon  Hill;  Greene,  with  the  other,  was  to  carry 
the  port  at  Barton's  Point,  and  make  a  junction  with  Sullivan.  But,  as 
Drake  says  in  his  "Old  Landmarks  of  Boston,"  "Providence  arrested  the 
purpose  of  Howe,  and  the  town  was  entered  without  a  shot  being  fired." 
The  work  of  constructing  the  fortifications  on  Dorchester  Heights  was 
begun  at  about  eight  o'clock  on  the  night  of  the  4th  of  March,  and  when 
morning  dawned  the  Heights  were  in  condition  to  afford  a  good  defence 
against  small  arms  and  grape-shot.  The  works  commanded  both  the 
harbor  and  town,  and  compelled  the  British  either  to  evacuate  the  town, 
or  to  drive  the  Americans  from  their  fortifications.  The  latter  course  was 
determined  upon  ;  but  a  furious  storm  arose,  and  the  design  was  aban- 
doned, and  evacuation  took  place  on  March  17,  1776.  On  July  18  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  read  from  the  balcony  of  the  Town 
House,  amid  great  rejoicings.  With  varying  and  oftentimes  doubtful  pros- 
pects of  success,  the  war  for  independence  drew  gradually  toward  its  close 
in  1 781.  John  Hancock  was  presiding  over  the  destinies  of  the  Common- 
wealth when  the  desired  consummation  of  the  struggle  was  reached,  and 
the  historic  town  entered  upon  a  new  and  brighter  era  of  its  existence. 

The  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  was  a  period  of  rapid  growth 
and  marked  improvement  in  Boston.  The  population  in  1789  was  18,000. 
The  Charles-river  Bridge,  the  first  of  the  numerous  avenues  connecting 
the  town  with  its  northern  and  western  suburbs,  was  completed;  and  before 
the  close  of  the  century  the  new  State  House  was  finished,  and  the  first  two 
theatres  —  the  Boston,  and  the  Haymarket —  opened  their  doors.  During 
Washington's  visit  in  1789116  lodged  in  a  mansion-house  on  the  corner  of 
Court  and  Tremont  Streets  ;  which,  although  altered  and  one  story  higher, 
is  still  standing.  On  the  Court-street  front,  between  the  second  and  third 
stories,  is  a  stone  tablet,  bearing  the  inscription:  — 


OCCUPIED   BY 

WASHINGTON, 

Oct.  1789. 

Washington   Street,  during  the  same  year,  was  named  in  honor  of  this  visit. 
Among  those  who  have  been  occupants  of  this  building  are  Harrison  Gray 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


Washington's   Lodgings,  Court  Street. 


Otis,  the  eminent  lawyer,  and  Daniel  Webster,  who  had  his  law-office  there 
during  his  residence  in  Boston.  The  upper  stories  for  many  years  have 
been,  almost  exclusively  occupied  by 
lawyers  ;  and  the  lower  story  for  the 
past  forty-seven  years  has  been  the 
wholesale  and  retail  grocery  of  Samuel 
S.  Pierce,  now  S.  S.  Pierce  &  Co.  Judge 
R.  I.  Burbank  began  his  practice  in  one 
of  the  office-rooms  of  Webster,  and  re- 
mained an  occupant  of  the  building  over 
thirty  years. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  the  greater  portion  of  the  his- 
torical events  can  be  recalled  by  many 
persons  now  living.  Our  aim  shall  be 
to  briefly  mention  some  of  the  most 
notable. 

During  the  autumn  of  1804  a  terrific 
gale  visited  Boston,  blowing  down  sev- 
eral church-steeples,  and  doing  much  damage.  The  news  of  the  declara- 
tion of  war  against  England  in  181 2  was 
received  by  Bostonians  with  indignation. 
Her  influential  men  had  opposed  the  em- 
Ty  bargo  laid  upon   commerce  with   England, 

which  was  a  heavy  blow  to  the  interests  of 
Boston  and  Massachusetts,  one-third  of  the 
shipping  of  the  United  States  being  at  that 
time  owned  in  the  State:  and  they  pro- 
nounced the  war  a  serious  mistake.  Nev- 
ertheless, at  the  call  for  troops  a  regiment 
was  raised  here  :  and  in  18 14.  when  a  British 
fleet  was  reported  to  be  off  the  coast,  ex- 
tensive preparations  were  made  to  give  it  a 
F  warm  reception,  should  it  come  this  way. 
Peace  was  gladly  welcomed  the  next  year. 

In  1816  Webster  came  to  Boston.  He 
lived  first  in  Mount  Vernon  Street,  on  the 
summit  of  Beacon  Hill,  a  few  rods  north- 
west of  the  State  House  :  later,  in  the  house 
now  standing  at  No.  37  Somerset  Street; 
and  afterwards  at  the  corner  of  High  and  Summer  Streets,  where  he  enter- 
tained Lafayette  in  magnificent  style  during  the  visit  of  the  latter  in   1825. 


■'"•W^!    ^W    "^F^      Vf 


~v\ 


Site  of  Weoster's  Home,  Summer  Street 


IO 


AV JVC'S    HANDIWOA'    OF   BOSTON. 


Webster's  residence  in  Summer  Street,  now  numbered  136  and  138,  was 
long  marked  by  a  splendid  block  of  stores,  known  as  "  The  Webster 
Buildings.'-  This  went  down  in  the  great  fire  of  1872,  but  was  soon  re- 
placed by  a  substantial  iron-front  building  erected  as  a  warehouse  for  Wm. 
Claflin,  Coburn,  &  Co.,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  boot-manufac- 
turing firms  in  the  United  States. 

In  1821  the  West-Point  Cadets,  under  command  of  Major  Worth,  U.S.A., 
marched  to  Boston,  and  encamped  on  the  Common.  They  were  accompa- 
nied by  the  finest  band  in  the  country,  the  music  of  which  was  nightly  lis- 
tened to  by  an  admiring  multitude  ;  and  Willis's  strains  from  a  Kent  bugle, 
an  instrument  then  first  introduced,  have  never  been  forgotten. 

On  Feb.  22,  1822,  after  many  years'  agitation  of  the  subject,  the  first  peti- 
tion having  been  made  as  early  as  the  year  1709,  an  act  establishing  the  city 
of  Boston  was  passed  by  the  legislature,  and  accepted  by  the  citizens ;  and 
May  1,  Boston  became  a  city.  John  Phillips  was  the  first  mayor.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Josiah  Quincy,  who  was  in  office  six  successive  years.  The 
other  mayors  of  Boston,  in  the  order  of  their  service,  were:  Harrison  Gray 
Otis,  three  terms  ;  Charles  Wells,  two  :  Theodore  Lyman,  jun.,  two  ;  Samuel 
T.  Armstrong,  one :  Samuel  A.  Eliot,  three ;  Jonathan  Chapman,  three ; 
Martin  Brimmer,  two  ;  Thomas  A.  Davis,  one  ;  Josiah  Quincy,  jun.,  three  ; 
John  P.  Bigelow,  three;  Benjamin  Seaver,  two;  Jerome  V.  C.  Smith,  two; 
Alexander  H.  Rice,  two;     Frederic    W.    Lincoln,  jun.,    three;   Joseph    M. 

Wightman,  two ;  Frederic 
W.  Lincoln,  jun.,  again, 
four;  Otis  Norcross,  one  ; 
.  Nathaniel  B.  Shurtleff, 
three  ;  William  Gaston, 
two;  Henry  L.  Pierce,  one; 
Samuel  C.  Cobb,  three; 
Frederick  O.  Prince,  one. 
Henry  L.  Pierce  is  the 
present  mayor. 

In  1824  the  visit  of  Lafa- 
vette  was  a  notable  event. 
During  his  sojourn  he  oc- 
cupied one  part  of  the 
double  house  now  stand- 
Lafayette's  Lodgings,  Beacon  street.  ing  at  the  corner  of  Park 

and  Beacon  Streets,  the 
other  part  afterwards  becoming  the  residence  of  George  Ticknor,  the  dis- 
tinguished historian  of  Spanish  literature,  and  one  of  the  great  benefactors 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library.     Among  the  early  occupants  of  this  mansion 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  n 

were  Gov.  Christopher  Gore,  in  honor  of  whom  the  Harvard  College  Library 
has  been  named;  Edward  G.  Malbone,  the  portrait-painter;  Hon.  Samuel 
Dexter,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  statesman,  who  had  been  secretary  of  war, 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  acting  secretary  of  state,  and  the  first  president 
of  the  earliest  Massachusetts  temperance  society.  Mr.  Ticknor  was  an 
occupant  of  the  house  from  1830  until  his  death  in  1870.  It  is  still  occu- 
pied by  his  family. 

In  1824  the  population  of  the  city  was  58,000.  During  the  next  few  years 
numerous  public  improvements  were  made :  among  them  the  opening  of  the 
East  Boston  and  Chelsea  ferries ;  the  completion  of  the  Warren  Bridge, 
connecting  Charlestown  with  Boston ;  the  laying  of  gas-pipes  ;  and  the  erec- 
tion of  many  notable  public  and  private  buildings,  including  a  new  court- 
house, custom-house,  and.  three  theatres,  the  Tremont,  Federal,  and  Warren. 

In  1830  the  population  had  grown  to  61,000,  and  the  city  celebrated  the 
second  centenary  of  its  settlement.  In  1833  the  old  hero,  Andrew  Jackson, 
visited  Boston,  and  was  received  with  great  popular  enthusiasm.  The  Whig 
party  was  formed  about  this  time.  It  was  in  1834  that  the  Ursuline  Convent 
in  Charlestown  was  burned  by  a  mob. 

In  1837  a  large  delegation  of  the  Sacs  and  Fox  Indians  arrived  from  the 
far  West,  and,  in  all  the  gorgeousness  of  paint  and  feathers,  exhibited  on 
the  Common  their  war-dances  and  other  feats  before  interested  thousands. 
Boston  suffered,  in  common  with  other  parts  of  the  country,  in  the  panic  of 
this  year,  and  its  banks  suspended  specie  payments  ;  but  it  in  good  time  re- 
covered, and  entered  upon  another  season  of  prosperity.  In  1840  the  first 
steamship-line  between  Boston  and  Liverpool  was  established.  In  1843 
President  Tyler  and  Gen.  Scott  visited  Boston. 

In  1844,  after  a  period  of  intense  cold,  the  harbor  was  firmly  frozen  as 
far  down  as  the  lighthouse ;  and  its  surface  was  enlivened  with  skating, 
coasting,  sledding,  and  sleighing.  Cargoes  were  discharged  on  to  teams, 
and  transported  to  the  warehouses.  Booths,  as  on  high  holidays,  filled 
with  eatables  and  drinkables,  added  to  the  gayety  of  the  scene,  in  one  of 
which  was  repeated  the  laughable  ruse,  which  originated  at  Dedham,  to 
avoid  the  then  stringent  liquor  law,  by  placing  thereon  a  placard  of  "  The 
striped  pig  on  exhibition,"  and  exhibiting  him  in  the  form  of  drinks  to  suit; 
and  for  years  "  the  striped  pig  "  was  a  synonyme  for  a  glass  of  liquor.  It 
was  during  this  ice-embargo  that  the  enterprising  Boston  merchants,  aided 
by  the  Fresh  Pond  ice-cutters,  cut  a  channel  seven  miles  long  to  enable  the 
imprisoned  Cunard  steamship  to  prosecute  her  voyage  to  England. 

In  1847  President  Polk  was  the  guest  of  the  city.  During  this  year 
there  was  a  great  fire  at  the  North  End,  which  consumed  more  than  one 
hundred  buildings,  with  their  contents.  In  1848  the  Cochituate  water  was 
introduced,  and  the  event  celebrated  with  an  imposing  display.     In   1849 


12 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


there  was  unexampled  mortality  from  Asiatic  cholera.  In  1850  Professor 
John  W.  Webster  was  hung  for  the  murder  of  Dr.  George  Parkman,  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  cases  in  the  history  of  American  crime.  The 
advent  of  Jenny  Lind  was  a  notable  event  of  the  same  year ;  the  great 
Swedish  vocalist  singing  to  audiences  of  upwards  of  4,000  people.  At  this 
period  the  anti-slavery  agitation  became  intense;  and  in  1854  the  Burns 
riot  occurred,  caused  by  efforts  to  liberate  Anthony  Burns,  a  fugitive  slave, 
one  man  being  killed  and  several  seriously  hurt.  In  i860  the  Prince  of 
Wales  with  his  suite  visited  Boston. 

The  opening  of  the  civil  war  in  1861  found  Boston  in  a  state  of  patri- 
otic ferment.  Great  out-door  war-meetings  were  held,  and  recruiting  was 
early  begun,  and  carried  on  vigorously.  During  the  war  the  city  responded 
promptly  to  every  call  for  men  or  money,  and  sent  into  the  army  and  navy 
26,119  men,  685  of  whom  were  commissioned  officers.  In  the  sanitary 
work  the  Boston  people,  prominently  the  women,  were  among  the  foremost. 
In  1863  a  draft-riot  occurred  at  the  North  End,  but  it  was  soon  overcome 
by  the  authorities. 


Hancock's  House,   Beacon   Street.1 


In  1863  the  old  Hancock  House,  a  stone  building,  one  of  the  noblest 
private  mansions  of  the  colonial  period,  and  one  of  the  unique  features  of 
this  part  of  the  city,  was  removed.     It  stood  just  beyond  the  State  House, 

1  This  cut  loaned  by  the  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  Boston. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  13 

on  Beacon  Street,  facing  the  Common.  Here  Hancock,  who  was  famous  as 
a  generous  host,  entertained  the  great  men  of  the  day  in  almost  princely 
style.  A  great  effort  was  made  to  preserve  this  old  landmark,  but  without 
avail,  although  the  house  was  in  excellent  preservation.  "  The  chamber  of 
Lafayette  remained  as  when  he  slept  in  it;  the  apartment  in  which  Hancock 
died  was  intact ;  the  audience-hall  was  the  same  in  which  Washington, 
D'Estaing,  Brissot,  the  Percy,  and  many  more  had  stood ;  and  finally  the 
entrance-hall,  in  which  for  eight  days  the  dead  patriot  lay  in  state,  opened 
upon  the  broad  staircase  as  in  the  time  of  old  Thomas  and  Lydia  Hancock." 
We  quote  from  Drake. 

In  1865  the  rejoicings  over  the  emancipation  proclamation  and  the  end 
of  the  war  were  sharply  turned  to  mourning  by  the  news  of  the  assassina- 
tion of  the  beloved  President  Lincoln.  Boston,  in  common  with  the  other 
large  cities  of  the  North,  gave  expression  to  the  universal  feeling  of  grief 
by  a  funeral  procession  of  vast  length.  The  history  of  Boston  since  the 
war  has  been  crowded  with  noteworthy  events,  at  which  the  limits  of  this 
sketch  allow  us  the  merest  glance.  In  1867  Gen.  Sheridan  paid  a  visit  to 
the  city.  In  the  same  year  Gov.  Andrew  died  suddenly  at  his  city  home. 
In  1868  Gen.  Grant  visited  the  city  for  the  first  time  since  the  war,  and 
was  received  with  warm  demonstrations  of  welcome.  The  ensuing  year  was 
marked  by  a  grand  event,  which  could  only  have  been  carried  out  by  the 
enterprise  of  a  city  like  Boston  combined  with  the  talent  of  a  man  like  P. 
S.  Gilmore,  —  the  National  Peace  Jubilee.  It  took  place  from  June  15  to  19 
in  the  huge  Coliseum,  temporarily  erected  for  the  purpose  between  the  Back 
Bay  and  the  South  End,  and  was  a  remarkable  success,  drawing  thou- 
sands of  visitors  from  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  exciting  the  most 
unrestrained  enthusiasm,  both  on  account  of  its  musical  features  and  of  its 
patriotic  tendency.  In  1870  Prince  Arthur  visited  Boston.  The  same  year 
the  city  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the  death  of  George  Peabody,  the  philan- 
thropist, and  of  the  Hon.  Anson  Burlingame,  whose  remains  lay  in  state  in 
Faneuil  Hall.  In  1871  the  old  building  standing  in  the  middle  of  Court 
Street,  near  Tremont  and  Cornhill,  known  as  Scollay's  Building,  was 
removed,  leaving  an  open  area,  now  called  Scollay  Square.  This  year 
the  Grand  Duke  Alexis  of  Russia  visited  the  city,  and  was  treated  to  a 
round  of  brilliant  gayeties.  The  year  1872  was  eventful.  From  June  17  to 
July  7  the  second  grand  musical  festival  was  held,  and  was  attended  by  from 
30,000  to  100,000  people  daily.  It  also  was  held  in  a  temporary  Coliseum 
of  vast  size;  and  special  national  musical  features  were  introduced  by 
bands  from  England,  France,  Germany,  and  other  countries.  Johann 
Strauss  led  the  orchestra  while  it  played  his  own  waltzes.  A  grand  ball 
was  given,  Gen.  Grant  being  present.  The  enterprise  was  regarded  as  a 
grand  success,  although  it  was  not  remunerative  to  the  shareholders.     Dur- 


14  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

ing  the  following  autumn  came  the  epizootic  epidemic,  rendering  almost  all 
the  horses  useless  for  the  time  being,  and  causing  great  inconvenience. 

On  Nov.  9,  this  year,  at  7.15  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  Great  Boston 
Fire  broke  out.  The  flames  started  at  the  corner  of  Summer  and  Kingston 
Streets,  and  spread  with  terrible  speed,  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  firemen, 
taking  their  course  north-east  and  north  into  the  very  heart  of  the  substan- 
tial business  district  of  the  city,  where  a  great  proportion  of  the  buildings 
were  of  solid  granite,  and  used  for  wholesale  business.  Aid  was  summoned 
from  the  suburban  and  even  from  distant  cities ;  and  special  trains  bearing 
fire-engines  came  hastening  into  the  panic-stricken  city  from  all  sides. 
Buildings  were  blown  up  in  the  hope  that  the  gaps  thus  left  would  not  be 
bridged  by  the  furious  on-sweeping  flames,  and  the  gas  was  cut  off, 
leaving  the  city  almost  in  darkness.  The  militia  went  on  duty  to  aid  the 
police  in  preventing  the  wholesale  lawlessness  that  threatened  to  add  to  the 
terrors  of  the  time.  When  the  fire  finally  stopped,  it  had  spread  over  63 
acres,  and  destroyed  about  $100,000,000  worth  of  property  and  many  lives, 
leaving  the  entire  district  bounded  by  Summer,  Washington,  Milk,  and 
Broad  Streets  a  smoking  chaos  of  ruins.  Boston  recovered  with  almost 
incredible  elasticity  and  pluck  from  this  terrible  blow;  and  the  "burnt  dis- 
trict" is  to-day  a  section  of  imposing  and  substantial  business  warehouses. 
It  must  be  added,  however,  that  even  to  the  present  day  the  city  has  not 
fully  recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  great  fire.  In  1873  another  serious 
fire  destroyed  several  squares  of  buildings.  Subsequent  calamities  have  not 
been  infrequent.  Within  a  few  years  there  have  been  numbers  of  those 
startling  and  often  unaccountable  accidents  so  common  in  American  cities. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  extensive  fires  in  1874,  1877,  and  1878;  the 
blowing  up  of  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  La  Grange 
Streets  ;  the  explosion  under  the  sidewalk  near  the  Federal-street  Bridge  in 
South  Boston,  by  which  several  lives  were  lost;  and  the  explosion  of  Jen- 
ney's  oil  establishment  in  South  Boston.  The  burning  of  a  tenement-house 
on  Shawmut  Avenue,  in  which  several  of  the  unfortunate  occupants  lost  their 
lives  or  were  terribly  injured,  will  be  remembered  as  a  comparatively  recent 
occurrence.  So  also  has  Boston  of  late  years  had  an  unpleasant  notoriety 
from  a  peculiar  class  of  criminals:  notably  the  boy  Jesse  Pomeroy,  confined 
for  life  in  the  State  prison,  who  murdered  a  boy  and  a  girl,  and  tortured 
several  children,  making  himself  the  terror  of  the  neighborhood  in  which  he 
lived  ;  and  Piper,  who  one  Sunday  afternoon  murdered  the  little  six-year-old 
girl,  Mabel  Young,  in  the  belfry  of  the  Warren-avenue  Baptist  Church,  of 
which  he  was  sexton.  According  to  his  confession  just  before  his  execution, 
May  26,  1876,  he  had  also  murdered  one  Bridget  Lanclregan,  whose  death  up 
to  that  time  had  been  a  mystery,  and  he  had  almost  fatally  assaulted  one  Mary 
Tyner  on  Oxford  Street.     The  Rev.  E.  D.  Winslow,  among  the  foremost  of 


i.  The  Claflin  Guards,  W.  B.  Sears,  Capt.     2.  View  from  Washington  Street.     3.  The  Burnt  District. 

THE    BOSTON    FIRE    OF   1872. 


1 6  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

the  long  line  of  prominent  and  trusted  men  of  Massachusetts  who  have  fallen 
from  their  high  places  to  the  level  of  the  criminal,  was  a  Boston  business- 
man, managing  two  daily  newspapers,  "  The  Daily  News,"  now  out  of  exist- 
ence, and  "  The  Boston  Post,"  purchased  from  its  former  proprietors  a  few 
months  before  his  flight,  which  occurred  on  the  19th  of  January,  1876.  He 
had  committed  forgeries  for  very  large  amounts,  by  which  several  of  the 
most  prominent  banks  of  the  city  and  private  parties  were  heavy  losers. 
Winslow  was  captured  in  London  on  the  15th  of  February;  but  the  British 
government  refused  to  surrender  him  unless  the  United  States  should  guar- 
antee that  he  should  not  be  tried  for  any  other  offence  than  that  set  forth  in 
the  extradition  papers.  After  long  and  labored  discussion  by  representa- 
tives of  both  governments,  Winslow  was  released,  and  soon  left  London. 
His  whereabouts  is  not  known;  though  it  is  believed  by  some  that  he  has 
been  in  this  country,  and  even  in  this  State,  since.  In  July,  1878,  the  so- 
called  "  Tappan  irregularities "  were  exposed,  creating  a  great  stir  for  a 
while  in  the  business  world.  John  G.  Tappan,  an  old  citizen,  a  leading 
merchant  of  long  standing,  was  the  treasurer  of  the  Boston  Belting  Com- 
pany, for  many  years  a  most  successful  and  profitable  concern,  enjoying  a 
large  income,  especially  from  the  working  of  valuable  patents  in  its  posses- 
sion. The  failure  of  this  company  was  suddenly  announced,  coupled  with 
the  statement  that  its  treasurer  had  wrecked  it  by  using  its  paper  and  credit 
to  bolster  up  his  own  individual  speculations,  which  had  been  steadily  losing. 
Irregular  paper  to  the  extent  of  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  had  been 
given  out.  Mr.  Tappan  made  over  to  the  company  all  the  property  he  pos- 
sessed, in  real  estate  and  in  bonds  and  checks,  and  retired  from  his  posi- 
tion disgraced  and  ruined.  He  was  the  largest  of  the  stockholders,  and, 
with  members  of  his  family,  held  a  majority  interest.  Henry  F.  Durant, 
the  founder  of  Wellesley  College,  was  the  president  of  the  concern,  and 
was  a  heavy  loser.  Upon  the  surrender  of  the  stock  by  the  original 
holders,  the  company  was  re-organized,  and  Mr.  Durant  was  re-elected 
president. 

In  1874  Charles  Sumner  died.  His  early  home  was  the  old-fashioned 
painted  brick  house,  of  generous  width,  now  standing  at  No.  20  Hancock 
Street.  It  was  purchased  by  his  father  in  1830,  and  was  in  the  possession 
of  the  family  from  that  time  until  1867,  when  it  was  sold  to  Judge  Thomas 
Russell,  collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  and  afterwards  minister  to  Venezuela. 
Sumner's  law-office  was  at  No.  4  Court  Street,  at  the  corner  of  Washington. 
Here  he  was  associated  for  twenty  years,  beginning  in  1834,  with  George  S. 
Hillard.  In  the  building,  during  the  time  of  his  occupancy,  were  the  offices 
of  a  number  of  eminent  members  of  the  Suffolk  bar;  among  them,  Theophi- 
lus  Parsons,  Rufus  Choate,  Horace  Mann,  Edward  G.  Loring,  Peleg  W. 
Chandler,  and,  later,  John  A.  Andrew. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


17 


The  Bunker-hill  centennial  celebration  is  something  extremely  agreeable 
in  the  recent  history  of  Boston.  Preceded  as  it  was  by  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  on  the  19th  of  April,  1875, 
popular  enthusiasm  had  been  grad- 
ually increasing  for  weeks  before  the 
memorable  1 7th  of  June,  —  the  date 
of  one  of  the  grandest  demonstra- 
tions ever  seen  in  this  or  any  other 
country.  The  city,  the  state,  and 
the  private  citizens  vied  with  each 
other  in  their  efforts  to  make  the 
event  a  glorious  success.  The  cele- 
bration was  begun  by  an  official 
reception  in  the  Music  Hall  on  the 
evening  of  June  16,  given  by  the  city 
to  its  guests,  many  of  whom  were 
from  the  South.  The  affair  was 
made  memorable  especially  by  the 
spontaneous  expressions  of  good- 
will and  of  a  desire  for  reconcilia- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  late  Confed- 
erates who  participated ;  and  a  tone 
of    lofty   and    heart-felt    patriotism 

pervaded  the  meeting.  The  hall  was  brilliantly  decorated,  and  hundreds 
of  distinguished  guests  were  present,  besides  military  bodies  from  South 
Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland,  New  York,  and  many  other  States.  The 
speaking  was  by  Mayor  Cobb,  Gov.  Gaston,  Col.  A.  O.  Andrews  of  South 
Carolina,  Gen.  Fitz-Hugh  Lee  of  Virginia,  Gen.  Judson  C.  Kilpatrick,  Gen. 
W.  T.  Sherman,  Gen.  A.  E.  Burnside,  and  Vice-President  Wilson.  The 
enthusiasm  cannot  be  described,  and  was  entirely  unusual  in  its  character. 
The  next  morning  the  city  woke  up  to  find  its  streets  filled  with  vast 
crowds  of  visitors ;  flags  floated  from  almost  every  building,  the  streets 
were  gay  with  banners,  and  the  entire  town  was  in  gala  array.  After  a 
military  review  in  the  morning,  the  great  procession  started  on  its  long 
march  at  1.15  p.m.,  under  Chief-Marshal  Gen.  Francis  A.  Osborn.  The  pro- 
cession included  the  whole  militia  force  of  Massachusetts  ;  regiments  from 
New  York,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Providence  ;  companies  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Virginia,  Washington,  New  York,  South 
Carolina,  and  New  Hampshire ;  hundreds  of  governors,  generals,  and  dis- 
tinguished guests  from  all  parts  of  the  country  ;  civic  associations,  secret 
societies,  veteran  bodies,  benevolent  and  temperance  societies,  and  a  trades 
division  in  which  were  421  vehicles  drawn  by  1,587  horses.     The  number  of 


Sumner's  House,   Hancock  Street. 


1 8  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

men  marching  in  the  parade  has  never  been  approximately  estimated,  but 
may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  time  occupied  by  the  procession  in 
passing  a  given  point  (all  delays  being  deducted)  was  three  hours  and  fifty 
minutes.  The  railroads  alone  brought  140,000  people  into  the  city  on  that 
day.  Exercises  at  the  Bunker-hill  Monument  in  the  afternoon  were  pre- 
sided over  by  Judge  G.  W.  Warren ;  and  the  oration  was  delivered  by  Gen. 
Charles  Devens,  jun. 

On  March  17,  following  this  memorable  celebration,  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British  was  observed  in  a 
somewhat  elaborate  fashion.  Historic  points  and  buildings  were  noted  and 
decorated,  speeches  were  made  in  the  Old  South  Church,  and  an  oration  was 
delivered  in  Music  Hall. 

Jan.  25,  1877,  the  Moody  and  Sankey  Tabernacle,  a  large  brick  building, 
well  constructed,  though  built  for  a  temporary  purpose,  and  capable  of  seat- 
ing 6,000  persons,  situated  at  the  junction  of  Tremont  Street  and  Warren 
Avenue,  was  dedicated ;  and  on  the  28th  began  the  season  of  daily  revival 
meetings  that  continued  without  interruption  until  May  27.  Dwight  L. 
Moody  preached  and  held  prayer-meetings  daily,  both  afternoon  and  even- 
ing, with  few  exceptions  ;  and  Ira  D.  Sankey  sang,  supported  by  a  vast 
choir  under  the  direction  of  Eben  Tourjee.  Great  crowds  were  attracted, 
not  only  from  the  city,  but  from  the  surrounding  country,  excursion  trains 
running  on  the  railroads.  The  meetings  created  a  profound  sensation.  On 
March  9  of  this  year  there  was  one  of  the  severest  gales  ever  known  in  this 
vicinity.  The  velocity  of  the  wind  was  seventy-two  miles  an  hour.  The 
storm  area  was  of  great  extent,  striking  the  whole  Atlantic  seaboard,  and 
extending  west  beyond  the  Mississippi.  On  the  evening  of  April  9  the 
social  event  of  the  season  occurred,  —  the  Old  South  Ball,  in  aid  of  the  pre- 
servation fund,  which  was  given  in  Music  Hall.  June  26-27  President 
Hayes,  with  Evarts,  Sherman,  Key,  and  Devens,  of  his  Cabinet,  visited  the 
city.  There  was  a  procession  and  review  in  their  honor,  and  a  civic  banquet 
at  the  Hotel  Brunswick.  The  president  attended  Commencement  at  Har- 
vard, and  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him.  A  few  days  previous 
to  the  visit  of  the  president,  a  delegation  of  ladies  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  headed  by  Mrs.  M.  A.  Livermore,  presented  a  memorial 
to  Mayor  Prince  praying  for  the  banishment  of  liquor  from  the  forthcoming 
city  dinner  to  the  Presidential  party.  There  was  a  free  interchange  of 
views,  Mayor  Prince  earnestly  debating  the  question  with  Mrs.  Livermore. 
Liquor,  however,  was  not  banished  from  the  festive  board.  Sept.  19  Gen. 
McClellan  was  given  a  reception  in  Faneuil  Hall. 

Of  Old  Boston,  a  hundred  years  ago,  the  following  pleasing  sketch  is 
condensed  from  the  address  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  George  E.  Ellis,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  celebration  of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  evacuation  of  Boston 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  1 9 

by  the  British  :  "  '  Well-to-do,'  '  fore-handed,'  were  the  local  phrases  by  which 
the  general  condition  of  the  people  would  have  been  described.  There  was 
real  wealth,  too,  in  the  hands  of  some,  with  complacency,  luxury,  and  dis- 
play. There  were  stately  and  substantial  dwellings,  with  rich  and  solid  fur- 
nishings for  parlor,  dining-room,  hall,  and  chamber,  with  plate  and  tapestry, 
brocades  and  laces.  There  were  portraits,  by  foreign  and  resident  artists,  of 
those  who  were  ancestors,  and  those  who  meant  to  be  ancestors.  There 
were  formal  costumes  and  manners  for  the  gentry,  with  parade  and  etiquette, 
a  self-respecting  decorum  in  intercourse  with  their  own  and  other  classes, 
warm  hospitality,  good  appetites,  and  abundant  viands,  liquid  and  solid,  for 
all.  The  buildings  were  detached,  none  of  them  in  blocks.  The  homes 
of  many  of  the  merchant-princes  and  high  magistrates  were  relatively  more 
palatial  than  are  any  in  the  city  to-day.  They  stood  conspicuous  and  large, 
surrounded  by  generous  spaces,  with  lawns  and  trees,  with  fruit  and  vege- 
table gardens,  and  fields  for  pasture,  and  coach  and  cattle  barns.  There 
were  fine  equipages,  with  black  coachmen  and  footmen.  There  were  still 
wide  unfenced  spaces,  and  declivities  and  thickets,  where  the  barberry-bush, 
the  flag,  and  the  mullein-stalk  grew  undisturbed.  There  were  many  quaint 
old  nooks  and  corners,  taverns  and  inns,  'coffee-houses,'  —  the  drinking- 
vessels  in  which  were  not  especially  adapted  to  that  beverage,  —  shops 
designated  by  emblems  and  symbols,  loitering-places  for  news  and  gossip, 
resorts  of  boys  and  negroes  for  play  or  roguery,  and  some  dark  holes  on 
wharf  or  lane.  .  .  .  There  were  some  two  thousand  buildings,  four  being 
of  stone,  of  which  King's  Chapel  alone  remains.  Between  Beacon  and  the 
foot  of  Park  Street  stood  the  workhouse,  the  poorhouse,  and  the  Bride- 
well,—  all  facing  the  Common.  On  the  site  of  the  Park-street  Church 
stood  the  Granary;  opposite,  a  large  manufactory  building,  used  by  the 
British  for  a  hospital.  The  jail  occupied  the  site  of  the  present  Court- 
house. King  and  Queen,  now  State  and  Court  Streets,  were  the  most 
compactly  covered,  and  lined  with  taverns,  dwellings,  marts,  and  offices  of 
exchange.  The  house  provided  by  the  Province  for  the  British  governor 
was  opposite  the  Old  South,  standing  far  back,  stately,  commodious,  with 
trees  and  lawn  up  to  Washington  Street.  The  Old  State  House,  with  a 
dignity  which  it  has  not  now,  held  the  halls  of  the  council  and  the  repre- 
sentatives, with  royal  portraits  and  adornings.  How  little  is  there  here  now 
which  the  patriots  and  citizens  of  the  old  days,  if  they  came  back,  would 
recognize ! " 

In  appearance,  in  customs,  and  in  manners,  Boston  has  changed  marvel- 
lously during  the  past  half-century;  and  a  great,  far-reaching,  imposing  mod- 
ern city  has  taken  the  place  of  the  bustling,  quaint,  picturesque  town  of  a 
hundred  years  ago.  Few  of  the  historic  old  landmarks  remain,  and  these 
few  are  doomed  to  soon  disappear  before  the  onward  march  of  the  utilita- 


20  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

rian.  Up  to  the  beginning  of  the  last  half-century,  the  territorial  area  and 
aspect  of  the  city  had  changed  but  little.  It  was  then  a  pear-shaped  penin- 
sula, in  its  extreme  length  less  than  two  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth  a 
little  more  than  one.  "  It  hung  to  the  mainland  at  Roxbury,"  says  one 
writer,  "  by  a  slender  stem,  or  neck,  of  a  mile  in  length,  so  low  and  narrow 
between  tide-washed  flats  that  it  was  often  submerged."  Now  the  original 
783  acres  of  solid  land  have  become  1,829.  The  broad,  oozy  salt-marshes, 
the  estuaries,  coverts,  and  bays,  once  stretching  wide  on  its  northern  and 
southern  bounds,  have  been  reclaimed ;  and  where  then  the  area  was  the 
narrowest,  it  is  now  the  widest.  The  hills  have  been  cut  down,  —  one,  Fort 
Hill,  entirely  removed ;  the  whole  surface  of  the  original  ground  has  been 
levelled  and  graded,  and  every  square  inch  turned  over  and  over ;  new  terri- 
tory has  been  added  by  annexing  adjoining  suburban  cities  and  towns,  until 
now  the  area  of  the  city,  with  all  its  districts,  is  23,661  acres  (36^  square 
miles),  more  than  thirty  times  as  great  as  the  original  area.  The  area  of  the 
districts  is  as  follows  :  South  Boston,  1,002  acres  ;  East  Boston,  836;  Rox- 
bury, 2,700;  Dorchester,  5,614;  West  Roxbury,  7,848;  Brighton,  2,277; 
Charlestown,  586;  Breed's  Island,  785;  Deer  Island,  1,840. 

From  1800  to  1878  the  population  increased  from  25,000  to  upwards  of 
375,000;  the  number  of  polls  from  4,543  to  87,924;  the  total  valuation  from 
$15,095,700  to  $630,427,200;  the  tax  levy  of  less  than  $80,000  to  $7,879,150. 
The  city  debt,  to  be  sure,  is  heavy,  the  funded  debt  in  May,  1878,  standing 
at  $42,457,022.47 ;  but,  with  its  present  means  and  accumulations,  the  city 
will  pay  at  maturity  all  its  indebtedness.  The  sinking-funds  pledged  to 
meet  the  debt  are  $16,300,000  in  amount;  and  in  the  coming  five  years  the 
city  will  pay  and  cancel  $8,230,000  of  its  debt.  Roxbury's  valuation  when 
annexed  to  Boston,  in  1867,  was  $26,551,700;  Dorchester's  when  annexed, 
in  1869,  was  $20,315,700;  Charlestown's  when  annexed,  in  1873,  $35,289,682; 
West  Roxbury's  when  annexed,  same  year,  $22,148,600;  and  Brighton's 
when  annexed,  same  year,  $14,548,531.  Within  twelve  miles  of  the  City 
Hall  there  is  a  population  of  about  625,000.  Of  Boston  of  the  present  day, 
beyond  the  brief  glimpse  given  in  this  opening  chapter,  the  following  pages 
will  be  found  to  present,  we  trust,  an  interesting  picture. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  21 


M 


Wqz  Arteries;  of  tfje  (Ettg. 

THE   STREETS,    WAYS,    DRIVES,    BRIDGES,    SEWERS,    AND 
HORSE-RAILROADS. 

ANY  streets  in  old  Boston  had  been  named  for  London  streets,  and 
ways  and  places  in  other  parts  of  old  England ;  but  after  the  Revolu- 
tion the  citizens  made  haste  to  change  the  most  obnoxious  of  these  names 
for  others  of  a  more  republican  flavor.  Thus  King  Street  was  promptly 
changed  to  State  Street,  and  Queen  to  Court.  Richmond  Street  before  1708 
was  called  Beer  Lane,  from  Beer  Lane  in  London;  and  Salem  Street  prior  to 
the  same  date  was  called  Back  Street.  The  name  of  Hanover  Street  was 
not  changed,  though  a  "  perpetual  reminder  of  a  detested  house ;  "  and  until 
1854  the  tough  old  street  now  North  was  called  Ann,  in  honor  of  Queen  Anne. 
The  portion  of  Congress  Street  south  of  Milk  Street  before  1855  was  Atkin- 
son Street,  named  from  the  ancient  Atkinson  family,  who  came  from  Lan- 
cashire. Federal  Street  before  1788  was  Long  Lane.  Dock  Square  was  so 
named  because  it  was  "  the  place  around  the  dock."  Milk  and  Cornhill  were 
named  from  streets  of  the  same  names  in  London  ;  and  in  both  the  old  and 
the  present  Cornhill,  for  years  was  the  headquarters  of  the  book-trade. 
Franklin  Avenue,  the  narrow  way  which  now  runs  from  Cornhill  to  Court, 
was  so  named  for  the  reason  that  in  a  printing-office  standing  at  the  Court- 
street  corner  Franklin  served  his  apprenticeship.  Hawley  Street  was  for- 
merly Bishop's  Alley,  and  afterwards,  until  1792,  Broad  Alley.  Boylston 
Street  was  anciently  Frog  Lane ;  and  Devonshire  Street  was,  up  to  the  close 
of  the  Revolution,  Pudding  Lane,  from  the  street  of  the  same  name  in  Lon- 
don. Bowdoin  Street  and  Square  were  named  for  the  governor.  Bowdoin 
Square  was  the  seat  of  many  elegant  old-time  estates,  with  broad  acres, 
gardens,  and  noble  trees.  Chardon  Street  was  named  for  Peter  Chardon,  an 
eminent  merchant,  one  of  the  Huguenot  descendants,  who  lived  on  the  cor- 
ner where  the  Bowdoin-square  Church  now  stands.  Leverett  Street  is  from 
the  famous  old  Governor  John.  Causeway  Street  was  named  for  the  old 
causeway  built  on  substantially  its  present  line,  and  which  made  a  pond  of 
many  acres  between  Prince  and  Pitts  Streets.  The  first  block  of  brick 
buildings  erected  in  the  town  was  built  as  late  as  1793,  in  what  is  now  Frank- 
lin Street.  Broad  Street  was  laid  out  in  1806,  at  the  generous  width  of 
seventy  feet ;  and  India  Street  was  opened  the  year  following.  Blackstone 
Street,  named  after  the  first  settler  of  Boston,  was  opened  about  1834,  and 


2  2  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

was  built  upon  the  bed  of  the  old  Middlesex  Canal,  by  which  boats  came 
down  from  Chelmsford  on  the  Merrimack  to  the  wharves  on  the  east  side 
of  Boston.  Harrison  Avenue  was  opened  in  1841,  and  was  named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Harrison.  Beacon  Street  was  named,  of  course,  for  Beacon  Hill ;  and 
when  the  name  was  confirmed  by  the  town,  the  street  extended  only  to  the 
present  State-house  grounds.  The  street,  now  one  of  the  most  "  toney  "  in 
the  city,  was  first  called  "  the  lane  to  the  almshouse  ! "  Province  Court  and 
Street,  from  School  to  Bromfield,  in  the  rear  of  Washington,  were  originally 
avenues  to  the  stables  and  the  rear  grounds  of  the  old  Province  House,  the 
ancient  abode  of  the  royal  governors,  and  one  of  the  last  relics  of  the  colony 
to  disappear.  Hence  their  names.  The  stately  building  fronted  on  that  part 
of  Washington  Street  formerly  known  as  Marlborough,  nearly  opposite  the 
head  of  Milk  Street,  with  a  handsome  lawn  in  front  ornamented  by  two 
stately  oaks.  From  the  balcony  over  the  generous  entrance,  the  viceroys  of 
the  province  were  accustomed  to  harangue  the  people,  or  read  proclamations. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  State  Constitution  it  became  a  government  house, 
and  was  for  a  while  the  official  residence  of  the  governors.  Later  it  was 
sold,  converted  to  the  uses  of  trade,  and  fell  from  its  proud  position  in 
colonial  times,  dropping  lower  and  lower  in  the  social  scale,  becoming  a 
tavern,  and  last  a  hall  of  negro  minstrelsy.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
October,  1864.  The  Province  House  formed  the  theme  of  one  of  Haw- 
thorne's weird  and  fascinating  fancies  in  his  "  Twice -Told  Tales." 

The  streets  of  the  business  portion  of  Boston,  which  embraces  almost  all 
of  old  Boston,  have  long  been  pronounced  a  hopeless  tangle  by  those  un- 
familiar with  their  tortuous  courses,  and  their  tendency  to  run  into  and 
across  each  other ;  but  in  consequence  of  much  changing,  widening,  and 
straightening,  at  a  heavy  expense  to  the  city,  many  of  the  crooked  ways  have 
been  made  comparatively  straight,  though  it  must  be  confessed  that  many 
yet  remain  to  greatly  perplex  the  stranger,  and  even  the  born  Bostonian  in  his 
endeavor  to  direct  a  bewildered  inquirer.  But  these  very  crooked  and  twist- 
ing streets  are  one  of  the  peculiar  charms  of  Boston,  and  add  much  to 
its  picturesque  appearance.  The  new  streets  are  spacious,  direct,  and 
straightforward  enough  to  suit  even  the  square-cut  Philadelphian.  Wash- 
ington Street,  first  called  Broadway,  then  Broad  Street,  and  often  simply  the 
Way,  has  always  been  one  of  the  main  thoroughfares.  At  first  it  extended 
from  near  Dover  Street  to  the  Roxbury  line ;  but  in  1824  the  names  of  the 
down-town  twists  of  the  present  street,  up  to  that  time  known  as  Cornhill, 
Marlborough,  Newbury,  and  Orange,  were  all  changed  to  Washington.  In 
1873-4,  at  a  cost  of  over  $1,500,000,  it  was  extended  farther  down  to 
Haymarkef.  Square,  whence  it  now  runs  to  the  Highlands,  as  the  former 
city  of  Roxbury,  now  a  part  of  Boston,  is  popularly  called.  Tremont,  one 
of  the  principal  retail  streets,  is  of  course  a  contraction  of  Trimountaine. 


KING'S    HANDS O'C 


OF  BOSTON. 


ss^  ww& 


■<***SS#>«SS5SS>    >«S*S8«S8^^S^^^^^B^^^^^^^ 


AND  SUBURBS. 

LN.ED  s  «5Ss95***2S 


JIDNHES 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  23 

In  1805  there  was  but  one  brick  house  on  this  street.  Winter  Street, 
formerly  Bolt's  Lane,  is  familiarly  called  the  "  Ladies'  Street,"  because 
the  stores  upon  it  are  exclusively  for  ladies'  trade,  and  crowds  of  ladies 
throng  it  pleasant  days.  Other  principal  retail  streets  are  Temple  Place  ; 
West  Street ;  Tremont  Row,  which  forms  one  side  of  Court  Street  north 
of  Pemberton  Square ;  and  Hanover  Street,  which  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago  was  the  leading  retail  street.  State  Street,  flanked  with  granite  build- 
ings, is  the  principal  financial  street.  The  leather  trade  is  chiefly  centred, 
as  before  the  great  fire  of  1872,  in  Pearl,  Congress,  Summer,  High,  and 
neighboring  streets ;  the  cotton  and  wool  houses  are  in  the  same  section 
of  the  city;  the  wholesale  dry-goods  jobbing-houses  are  on  Franklin,  Sum- 
mer, Arch,  and  near-by  streets;  Broad  and  India  are  notable  wholesale 
streets;  and  the  shipping  interests,  with  the  corn  and  grain  trade,  are 
found  largely  represented  on  Commercial  and  the  streets  in  its  immediate 
vicinity,  where  are  long  blocks  of  massive  granite  warehouses.  Running 
parallel  with  Washington  Street,  up  town,  are  Harrison  Avenue  and  Albany 
Street  on  the  east;  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  Tremont  Street,  Columbus  Av- 
enue, and  Huntington  Avenue,  on  the  west.  One  of  the  most  fashionable 
carriage-drives  is  through  Beacon  Street,  over  Beacon  Hill,  along  by  the 
Common,  Public  Garden,  and  a  continuous  line  of  elegant  residences,  and 
out  through  Commonwealth  Avenue  or  Beacon  Street,  or  the  Mill  Dam  as 
the  latter  is  more  commonly  called,  to  Longwood  and  Brookline,  attractive 
suburbs;  the  former  being  not  unlike  a  scene  from  old  English  country 
life.  The  Mill  Dam,  when  established,  was  considered  an  enterprise  of 
great  magnitude.  The  dam  extends  across  the  western  bay,  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length,  and  seventy  feet  in  width.  It  originally  enclosed 
about  six  hundred  acres  of  flats,  over  which  the  tide  flowed  from  seven  to 
ten  feet  deep.  A  partition  dam  divided  this  enclosure,  and  formed,  by  the 
aid  of  flood  and  ebb  gates,  a  fall  and  a  receiving  basin,  thereby  exerting  a 
vast  hydraulic  power  for  the  propulsion  of  machinery.  This  cross-dam 
also  formed  a  fine  avenue  from  the  Mill  Dam  to  Roxbury.  The  Mill  Dam 
begun  in  1818,  completed  in  1821,  at  a  cost  of  $700,000,  was  until  recently 
used  as  a  popular  mile-track  for  speeding  horses,  and  in  the  sleighing- 
season  the  scenes  presented  were  animating  and  enlivening  in  the  extreme. 
The  roadway  continues  into  the  famous  Brighton  Road,  familiar  to  all 
"  horsemen,"  to  which  locality  the  racing  has  been  more  recently  transferred. 
Running  from  Arlington  Street,  the  western  border  of  the  Public  Garden, 
and  parallel  with  Beaton  Street,  are  Commonwealth  Avenue,  Newbury, 
Marlborough,  and  Boylston  Streets.  Parallel  with  Arlington  Street  are 
Berkeley,  Clarendon,  Dartmouth,  Exeter,  Fairfield,  Gloucester,  and  Here- 
ford, ingeniously  named,  it  will  be  observed,  according  to  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet,  and  a  trisyllabic  alternating  with  a  dissyllabic  word.     This  is  the 


24 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


grand  Back-bay  section,  the  fashionable  modern  West  End  of  Boston. 
These  broad  and  handsome  streets  are  lined  with  imposing  and  stately 
private  and  public  edifices,  the  architectural  designs  of  which,  in  many 
cases,  are  most  ambitious  and  elaborate,  rendering  this  part  of  the  city 
justly  famous.  Indeed,  its  refined  elegance  is  always  remarked  with  genu- 
ine enthusiasm  by  visitors  ;  for  no  other  city  in  this  country,  nor  possibly 
in  any  other,  displays,  in  a  like  space  of  territory,  so  much  solid  wealth,  and 
so  many  superb  structures,  public  and  private,  as  are  here  spread  before  the 
eye.  The  educated  and  thoroughly  trained  architect  has  here  had  full  swing, 
with  money,  and  men  of  artistic  sense,  behind  him.  Bostonians  are  proud 
of  this  section  of  their  city ;  and  their  pride  is  surely  pardonable.     This 


Arlington  Street,  opposite  the   Publjf  Garden. 


Back-bay  territory  is  made-land,  over  flats  which  were  originally  the  property 
of  the  Commonwealth,  by  whom, the  filling-in  was  largely  done,  at  a  cost  of 
less  than  $1,750,000;  and  thus  far  the  State  treasury  has  received  over 
$4,000,000  by  the  sale  of  these  lands,  and  something  like  half  a  million  feet 
are  yet  unsold.  The  Boston  Water-power  Company,  a  private  corporation, 
also  filled  in  many  thousand  feet  in  this  section,  realizing  handsomely  for  a 
time  from  its  sales ;  and  other  corporations  and  individual  owners  have 
done  much,  and  profited  thereby,  in  the  Back-bay  section.  Commonwealth 
Avenue  is  two  hundred  feet  wide,  and  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length ;  and  in 
its  centre,  running  its  entire  length,  is  a  mall,  or  park,  along  which  are  rows 
of  ornamental  trees  and  several   statues.      At  the  "South   End,"  Chester 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  25 

Park  and  Union  Park  are  fine  residence  streets ;  and  likewise,  besides  many 
others,  are  Newton,  Rutland,  Concord,  and  Worcester  Streets,  which  open 
upon  beautiful  squares. 

One  of  the  most  extensive  and  noteworthy  street  improvements  was  the 
laying  out  of  Atlantic  Avenue,  at  a  cost  of  $2,404,078.  This  is  a  broad  and 
spacious  thoroughfare,  one  hundred  feet  wide,  along  the  harbor  line,  at  the 
head  of  the  principal  wharves,  running  from  the  junction  of  Commercial 
Street  and  Eastern  Avenue  to  Federal  Street.  The  total  cost  of  the  Fort- 
Hill  improvement — the  levelling  of  the  hill  and  the  laying-out  of  streets  — 
to  May  1,  1878,  was  $1,575,000. 

In  South  Boston  the  street-system  is  quite  regular.  Dorchester  Avenue 
runs  directly  south  from  Federal  Street  in  the  city  proper,  through  Dorches- 
ter, to  Milton  Lower  Mills.  Broadway  runs  centrally  through  the  territory 
to  City  Point,  and  is  the  principal  thoroughfare ;  the  cross-streets  are 
lettered,  and  many  of  the  streets  running  parallel  with  Broadway  are  num- 
bered. Dorchester  Street  crosses  Broadway  at  the  centre ;  and  all  streets 
west  of  it  have  the  prefix  West,  and  those  east  have  the  prefix  East. 

In  East  Boston  the  principal  thoroughfares  are  Meridian  Street,  running 
north  and  south,  and  Chelsea  Street.  Both  are  intersected  by  many  other 
streets,  running  for  the  most  part  in  direct  lines  across  the  island.  Webster 
Street  commands  a  fine  view  of  Boston  Harbor  and  the  city  proper,  and 
has  the  most  noteworthy  private  residences  of  the  Island  ward.  The  streets 
are  named  chiefly  for  Revolutionary  battles  or  noted  poets  and  artists. 

In  the  Charlestown  district  the  principal  avenues  are  Main  Street,  run- 
ning its  entire  length  to  "The  Charlestown  Neck;"  Bunker-hill  Street, 
running  over  Bunker  Hill,  parallel  with  Main  Street ;  and  Chelsea  Street, 
extending  from  Warren  to  Chelsea  Bridges.  The  best  residences  are  on 
Monument  Square,  Breed's  Hill,  and  the  streets  leading  directly  therefrom. 
City  Square  is  in  the  southern  section  of  the  district. 

The  streets  in  the  Highland  district  are  broad  and  remarkably  attractive, 
winding  over  the  rocky  and  uneven  surface,  many  of  them  adorned  by 
luxuriant  shade-trees,  and  lined  with  comfortable,  well-built,  and  often 
elegant  residences;  the  Highlands  being  sought  by  those  "well-to-do" 
citizens  who  desire  to  establish  their  homes  not  too  far  from  "down-town," 
and  where  the  advantages  of  both  city  and  country  can  be  agreeably  com- 
bined. Warren  Street,  leading  to  Dorchester,  and  Walnut  Avenue,  are  the 
principal  driveways  through  the  Highlands.  A  great  deal  of  taste  and 
skill  are  displayed  by  many  residents  along  these  streets,  on  Norfolk  Hill, 
and  other  sections,  in  horticultural  as  well  as  architectural  embellishments. 

The  Dorchester  district  presents  many  interesting  features.  It  is  quite 
rural;  and  some  of  its  minor  streets  lead  into  most  delightful  lanes,  which 
are  much  enjoyed  by  the   pedestrian.      Here  also   are   fine  country  resi- 


26  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

dences,  with  grounds  made  beautiful  by  the  skill  of  the  landscape-gardener; 
and  pretty  villas,  —  especially  at  Savin  Hill,  a  picturesque  eminence,  with 
water  on  three  sides,  and  commanding  a  superb  view.  Washington  Street 
and  Dorchester  Avenue,  Bowdoin,  Hancock,  and  Boston  Streets,  are  the 
principal  thoroughfares  through  this  district. 

The  streets  of  the  West-Roxbury  district  are  chiefly  pleasant  country 
driveways,  alongside  beautiful  gardens,  ornamental  trees,  elegant  estates, 
and  delightful  villas.  It  includes  Jamaica  Plain,  noted  for  its  handsome 
private  estates  and  public  buildings ;  and  Jamaica  Pond,  a  most  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  the  ride  around  which  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
pleasant  drives  about  Boston. 

The  Brighton  district  is  reached  by  Beacon  Street,  over  the  Brighton 
Road.  Its  streets  are  pleasant  and  shady;  those  towards  the  south  and 
west  passing  over  beautiful  hills  commanding  delightful  views.  The  prin- 
cipal drives  are  to  and  about  the  Chestnut-hill  Reservoir,  a  distance  of  sh 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

The  total  cost  to  the  city  of  street  widenings,  improvements,  and  new 
streets,  from  the  incorporation  of  the  city  in  1822,  until  April  30,  1878,  was 
$31,304,450.      The  total  length  of  the  public  streets  is  about  390  miles. 

The  Bridges  in  and  around  Boston  are  quite  numerous.  Connecting 
the  original  city  with  the  Charlestown  district,  there  are  two  bridges,  —  the 
Charles-river  and  Warren  Bridges.  The  Charles-river  Bridge  was  the  first 
bridge  in  Boston,  and  was  opened  to  the  public  June  17,  1786.  It  was 
considered  at  the  time  one  of  the  greatest  enterprises  ever  undertaken  in 
America.  It  was  1,503  feet  long,  and  cost  $50,000.  It  has  been  rebuilt  and 
considerably  enlarged.  The  Warren  Bridge,  1,390  feet  long,  was  completed 
in  1828.  West-Boston  or  Cambridge  Bridge,  connecting  Cambridge  with 
Boston,  was  opened  Nov.  23,  1793.  The  first  bridge  was  2,758  feet  long, 
with  an  abutment  and  causeway  3,432  feet  long,  making  a  total  length  of  6,190 
feet ;  and  its  cost  was  $76,667.  This  also  has  been  rebuilt  and  enlarged. 
East  Cambridge  is  connected  by  Cragie's  Bridge,  formerly  called  Canal 
Bridge,  2,796  feet  in  length,  which  was  opened  in  1809.  A  lateral  bridge 
extends  from  this  to  Prison  Point,  Charlestown  district,  1,820  feet  in  length. 
The  first  bridge  to  South  Boston  was  from  the  "Neck"  at  Dover  Street, 
1,550  feet  long.  It  cost  $50,000,  and  was  opened  in  1805.  A  second  bridge, 
at  the  foot  of  Federal  Street,  500  feet  long,  was  completed  in  1828.  The  old 
Dover-street  Bridge  has  been  replaced  by  a  spacious  and  substantial  struc- 
ture ;  and  a  magnificent  iron  structure,  known  as  the  Broadway  Bridge, 
was  completed  in  1872.  There  are  also  the  Mount  Washington  Avenue,  and 
the  Congress-street  Bridges,  over  Fort-Point  Channel.  East  Boston  is  con- 
nected  with  the  city  proper  by  three  ferries.  There  are  two  bridges  from 
East  Boston  to  Chelsea,  —  the  Chelsea  Bridge  and  the  Meridian-street  Bridge. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK-    OF   BOSTON.  27 

In  the  Charlestown  district  is  a  long  bridge  to  Chelsea,  which  has  recently 
been  rebuilt ;  and  from  near  Charlestown  Neck,  a  long  bridge  to  Everett, 
formerly  South  Maiden.  In  the  Back-bay  district  of  the  city  proper,  are 
several  fine  bridges  over  the  railroads,  built  at  much  expense.  Saratoga- 
street  bridge  extends  to  Breed's  Island,  a  part  of  East  Boston,  in  Ward  I., 
and  leads  also  to  Winthrop.  Six  bridges  connect  the  Brighton  district  with 
Watertown  and  Cambridge,  and  four  bridges  connect  the  Dorchester  district 
with  Milton  and  Ouincy. 

The  Public  Sewers  in  Boston  are  180  miles  in  length.  In  1877  the 
sewer  department  expended  $158,549,  and  built  six  miles  of  sewers,  and 
472  new  catch-basins.  In  August  of  that  year  the  city  council  authorized 
the  construction  of  an  improved  and  elaborate  system  of  sewerage,  at  a  cost 
of  $357i3?oo°-  The  contracts  were  awarded,  and  work  at  once  begun.  It 
will  probably  be  finished  in  1879.  The  scheme  involves  the  construction  of 
some  13  miles  of  intercepting  sewers,  a  pumping-station  and  pumps,  a 
reservoir,  and  a  tunnel.  The  pumping-station  is  to  be  located  at  Old 
Harbor  Point,  and  its  outlet  at  Moon  Head,  in  Boston  Harbor,  by  which 
it  is  expected  the  sewage  will  be  swept  far  out  to  sea. 

The  Street-Railway  System  in  Boston,  although  controlled  by  a  few  com- 
panies, is  nevertheless  quite  extensive  and  admirably  conducted.  The  lively 
competition  of  the  various  companies  causes  each  one  to  put  forward  the 
best  accommodations  that  can  be  given.  The  cars  are  generally  first-class, 
and  many  may  justly  be  called  palace-cars.  Almost  every  part  of  the  city 
and  its  vicinity  can  be  reached  by  a  ride  in  the  street-cars.  They  are 
always  to  be  found  at  every  railroad  depot  and  almost  every  steamboat  wharf ; 
and  the  economical  traveller  can  always  be  sure  of  transportation  from  his 
place  of  arrival  to  his  place  of  destination,  if  not  by  one  direct  ride,  at  most 
by  one  transfer.  Nearly  140  miles  of  track  are  operated  by  the  various  cor- 
porations mentioned  below. 

The  Metropolitan  Railroad  Company  is  the  oldest  of  the  eight  compa- 
nies that  own  the  street-railways  of  Boston,  and  it  operates  the  most  exten- 
sive line.  The  wages  alone  amount  to  over  $400,000  per  annum.  Its  capital 
stock  is  $1,500,000.  Although  incorporated  in  1853,  the  company  run  no 
cars  over  its  tracks  until  1856;  and  then  the  object  was  only  to  accommodate 
travel  between  the  present  Scollay  Square  and  the  South  End  and  Roxbury. 
Lines  of  omnibuses,  known  as  "  King's  "  and  "  Hathorne's,"  were  in  exist- 
ence, and  were  purchased  and  run  for  a  long  time  by  this  company.  Its 
cars  run  to  different  sections  of  the  city  proper  and  East  Boston,  and  by 
way  of  Washington  and  Tremont  Streets  to  the  Highlands,  Dorchester, 
Milton  Lower  Mills,  Forest  Hills,  Jamaica  Plain,  and  Brookline. 

The  Highland  Street-Railway  Company,  organized  in  1872,  is  a  com- 
petitor with  the  Metropolitan  road.     Its  paid-up  capital  stock  is  $350,000. 


28 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


Its  route  extends  to  the  Highlands  by  way  of  Shawmut  and  Columbus 
Avenues,  reaching  Grove  Hall  in  one  direction  and  Mount  Pleasant  in 
another. 

The  Union  Railway  Company  operates  lines  running  to  Harvard  Col- 
lege, Mount-Auburn  Cemetery,  and  other  parts  of  Cambridge,  the  Brighton 
district,  Arlington,  Watertown,  and  Somerville.  Its  Boston  terminus  is 
Bowdoin  Square.     The  paid-up  capital  stock  of  the  corporation  is  $374,300. 

The  Middlesex  Railroad  Company  operates  lines  running  through  the 
streets  of  Boston,  from  the  Old  Colony  and  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad 
Depots  to  the  Charlestown  district;  to  Union  Square,  and  to  Winter  Hill, 
Somerville  ;  to  Everett  and  to  Maiden.     Its  capital  stock  is  $400,000. 

The  South-Boston  Railroad  has  a  capital  stock  of  $460,000;  and  its  cars 
run  chiefly  to  South  Boston. 

The  Lynn  and  Boston  Railroad  runs  lines  to  Chelsea,  to  Revere  (in- 
cluding Revere  Beach  in  summer),  to  Saugus,  Lynn,  and  Swampscott.  Its 
capital  stock  is  $200,000. 

From  the  Railroad  Commissioner's  Report  for  1878  we  compile  the  fol- 
lowing statistics  about  the  city  street-railroads  :  — 


Name  of  Company. 

Miles 

of 
Track.2 

No.  of  Pas- 
sengers car- 
ried in  1877. 

No.  of 
Horses. 

No.  of 
Cars. 

No.  of 

Men 

emplo'd. 

Divi- 
dends 
in  1877. 

Total  In- 
vestments. 

Metropolitan      .... 
Highland1 

South  Boston     .... 
Lynn  and  Boston  .     .     . 

56 
15 

11 

10 

10 

33 

7 

23,398,223 
4,905,667 
7,628,092 
4,504,848 
5,548,609 
1,955,424 

1,848 
600 
800 

337 
429 
213 

35i 
102 
128 

66  ' 

75 

44 

977 
224 

331 

160 

213 

92 

8% 

8% 

10% 

6% 

6% 

9% 
6% 

$2,927,583 
660,974 

536,112 

708,561 

59x,935 

250,135 

875,000 

13,558 

1  Nov.  1,  1878.  -  Total  length  in  even  miles. 

3  The  Cambridge  and  Arlington  roads  are  run  by  the  Union  Railway  Company. 


The  Elevated  Railroad  System  promises  to  gain  a  foothold  in  Boston  ; 
for,  in  the  fall  of  1878,  petitions  for  charters  were  filed  for  the  Legislature  by 
two  different  associations,  the  Boston  Elevated  Railroad  Company  and  the 
Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad  Company. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  29 


T] 


STfje  &rmj5  of  tije  ffittg. 

THE   RAILROADS,    STEAMSHIPS,    SHIPPING,    AND   WHARVES 

OF    BOSTON. 

lHE  steam-railroad  was  introduced  in  Massachusetts  at  a  time  when  the 
J-  commercial  interests  of  Boston  were  suffering  from  the  results  of  im- 
provements and  enterprises  directly  in  the  interest  of  New- York  City,  and 
when  the  far-sighted  citizens  of  Boston  were  greatly  concerned,  if  not 
alarmed,  for  her  future  as  a  commercial  centre.  While  Boston  had  poor  and 
slow  facilities  for  reaching  distant  points  except  by  sea,  New  York,  by  her 
steamers  making  daily  voyages  to  Providence,  to  the  Connecticut  River,  to 
New  Haven,  and  to  ports  on  the  Hudson  lying  near  the  western  border  of 
Massachusetts,  had  direct  and  regular  intercourse  with  about  half  the  State 
of  Massachusetts.  By  way  of  the  Blackstone  Canal  from  Providence  to 
Worcester  she  reached  the  heart  of  the  Commonwealth,  while  Boston  had 
no  such  communication  with  Worcester  ;  and  by  way  of  a  canal  from  North- 
ampton to  New  Haven  she  had  largely  drawn  to  herself  the  trade  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley.  The  costly  Middlesex  Canal,  leading  from  Boston  north 
almost  to  the  New-Hampshire  line,  and  modest  improvements  in  the  con- 
struction of  locks  for  fostering  a  very  limited  traffic  by  flat-boats  on  the  Mer- 
rimack and  the  Connecticut  Rivers,  had  disappointed  public  expectation; 
and  Boston's  chief  system  of  internal  communication  consisted  of  numerous 
lines  of  stage-coaches  and  baggage-wagons ;  the  former  capable  of  making 
a  journey  of  100  miles  in  a  day  of  eighteen  hours,  and  the  latter  making 
the  round  trip  of  100  miles  and  back,  once  a  fortnight,  with  a  carrying 
capacity  of  only  four  or  five  tons.  Such  were  the  rapid  modes  of  travel 
and  transportation  out  from  Boston,  when  the  practicability  of  the  railroad 
was  discovered  and  demonstrated  in  England ;  and,  as  soon  as  learned  of 
and  fully  comprehended  here,  its  introduction  into  Massachusetts  was 
promptly  urged  and  pressed  by  the  most  energetic  and  public-spirited  men 
of  Boston,  as  the  solution  of  the  problem  of  internal  improvement  by 
which  successful  competition  with  New  York,  and  the  enlargement  of  the 
business  and  trade  of  the  city,  could  best  be  secured.  A  scheme  which 
had  long  been  agitated  for  the  establishment  of  a  canal  from  Boston  to 
Worcester,  for  the  purpose  of  counteracting  the  Blackstone,  and  another 
for  opening  a  line  of  navigation  by  way  of  Miller's  River  to  the  Connecti- 
cut, and  thence  by  tunnelling  the  Hoosac  Mountain  to  the  Hudson,  were 


30  KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

abandoned,  by  some  who  had  been  among  their  most  ardent  advocates,  and 
their  energies  directed  towards  securing  the  railroad.  It  must  be  confessed, 
however,  that  men  of  capital  sufficient  to  test  the  experiment  on  a  broad 
and  generous  scale  were  slow  to  recognize  its  advantages ;  and  the  public 
received  the  announcement  of  this  improvement  as  adapted  to  meet  its 
wants  with  what,  at  this  day,  appears  as  surprising  incredulity. 

At  length,  after  much  discussion  in  the  newspapers,  pamphlets,  and 
public  meetings,  the  legislature  in  1827  was  influenced  to  authorize  a  com- 
mission to  cause  surveys  to  be  made  of  the  most  practicable  routes  for  a 
railroad  from  Boston  to  the  Hudson  River  at  or  near  Albany.  The  next 
legislature,  upon  the  report  of  these  commissioners,  established  a  board  of 
directors  of  internal  improvement,  consisting  of  twelve  members,  and  appro- 
priated a  fund  to  pay  the  expenses  of  surveys  and  plans ;  and  under  their 
direction  surveys  were  made  for  a  railroad  from  Boston  to  the  Hudson  River, 
and  for  three  entire  routes  from  Boston  to  Providence.  The  board  reported 
in  the  winter  of  1829,  recommending  that  a  commencement  of  railroads  be 
made  in  both  directions,  —  to  the  Hudson  River  and  to  Providence,  —  at  the 
expense  of  the  State.  But  the  legislature  declined  to  make  any  appropria- 
tion. In  succeeding  sessions  several  private  charters  were  granted;  but 
nothing  was  accomplished  by  these  at  once,  the  subscriptions  to  stock  com- 
ing forward  slowly.  In  1831  the  Boston  and  Providence,  the  Boston  and 
Worcester,  and  the  Boston  and  Lowell  corporations  were  organized,  the 
charter  of  the  latter  having  been  granted  the  year  before;  and  the  construc- 
tion of  all  three  roads  was  begun  the  following  year.  The  subscriptions  to 
the  stock  of  the  Boston  and  Worcester  road  were  made  conditionally,  with 
the  reservation  of  the  right  of  the  subscribers  to  withdraw  on  receiving  the 
report  of  definite  surveys  and  estimates;  and  were  mostly  by  business  men 
desirous  of  establishing,  ultimately,  a  western  railroad  which  should  extend 
to  the  Hudson  River.  A  great  part  of  the  stock  of  the  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence was  taken  by  New-York  capitalists,  and  much  of  that  of  the  Boston 
and  Lowell  by  stockholders  in  the  mills  of  Lowell.  The  Boston  and 
Worcester  was  partially  opened  for  public  travel  in  April,  1834,  and  opened 
throughout  on  July  4,  the  following  year;  the  Boston  and  Providence  in 
part  in  June,  1834,  and  throughout  in  June,  1835;  and  the  Boston  and 
Lowell  in  June,  1835.  These  roads  were  built  by  engineers  *vho  had  never 
seen  the  English  works ;  and,  though  they  adopted  the  general  principles  on 
which  those  were  built,  they  by  no  means  directly  copied  them,  making  in 
some  particulars  radical  changes,  as,  for  instance,  adopting  cross-ties  of 
wood  in  lieu  of  stone  blocks,  as  "sleepers,"  and  admitting  higher  grades. 
The  Boston  and  Lowell,  however,  did  lay  their  track  in  part  on  granite 
sleepers.  At  first  the  locomotives  were  imported  from  England ;  but  very 
soon  works  for  their  manufacture  were  established  here,  a  locomotive  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  31 

American  make  being  placed  on  the  Worcester  road  within  its  first  year, 
proving  a  valuable  and  altogether  serviceable  engine. 

Once  firmly  established,  the  great  advantage  of  the  railroad  over  the 
canal  and  other  modes  of  transportation  and  travel  of  that  day  was  recog- 
nized by  all ;  and  the  system  was  rapidly  enlarged  and  extended,  through 
the  indomitable  enterprise  of  citizens  of  Boston,  until  in  1851  seven  trunk- 
lines,  extending  to  the  limits  of  the  State,  had  been  completed,  with  numer- 
ous branches,  connecting  with  main  lines  in  and  passing  through  other 
States,  opening  channels  of  easy  intercourse  with  distant  parts  of  the  coun- 
try in  all  directions ;  the  last  trunk-line  finished  connecting  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  its  two  most  important  points,  Ogdensburg  in  New  York,  and  Montreal 
in  Canada,  directly  with  the  port  of  Boston.  At  that  time  a  great  railroad 
jubilee  was  held,  lasting  three  days,  at  which  the  president  of  the  United 
States,  Milhrd  Fillmore,  and  the  governor-general  of  Canada,  Lord  Elgin, 
were  present,  with  the  members  of  their  cabinets,  and  other  distinguished 
men.  By  the  Grand  Junction  Railroad,  —  the  completion  of  which  was  a  mat- 
ter for  special  congratulation  at  the  jubilee,  much  being  expected  from  it,  — 
the  Eastern,  Maine,  Fitchburg,  and  Lowell  roads,  were  connected,  for  freight, 
and  brought  to  tide-water  at  East  Boston  :  here  ample  wharf  and  storage 
room  was  provided,  built  in  the  most  convenient  and  substantial  manner, 
so  that  cars  from  the  interior  could  be  brought  into  immediate  connection 
with  vessels  from  every  port,  and  the  freight  of  the  ship  directly  exchanged 
for  that  of  the  cars.  The  seven  trunk-lines  —  the  Worcester,  Providence, 
Lowell,  Eastern,  Maine,  Fitchburg,  and  Old  Colony  —  had  cost,  when  the 
great  jubilee  was  held,  nearly  $53,000,000,  yielded  an  income  of  over 
$6,500,000,  and  covered  nearly  1,100  miles.  The  entire  length  of  railroad 
situated,  in  whole  or  in  part,  in  Massachusetts,  at  that  time,  was  1,41 1^ 
miles,  at  an  aggregate  cost  of  $60,992,183,  affording  a  gross  income  of 
$7,445,961  ;  and  the  entire  cost  of  the  railroads  in  the  New-England  States 
then  operated  exceeded  $100,000,000.  Bostonians,  besides  their  interest  in 
their  home  roads,  had  large  investments  in  railroads  in  the  West;  and  it 
was  estimated,  at  the  time  of  the  jubilee,  that  $50,000,000  of  railroad  invest- 
ments were  held  in  Boston. 

Such  had  been  the  growth  of  the  railroad-system  at  the  time  of  the  great 
jubilee.  But  from  that  time  to  the  present  its  further  development  has  been 
quite  as  remarkable.  It  has  been  the  means  of  building  up  many  suburban 
cities  and  towns,  by  affording  quick  and  frequent  transit ;  and,  for  distant 
communication,  it  has  been  so  extended  and  broadened  that  now  the  city 
is  one  of  the  great  leading  depots  of  commerce,  in  sharp  competition  with 
the  other  large  cities  ;  its  railway  lines  reaching  out  in  every  direction, 
connecting  with  the  magnificent  systems  of  railways  that  unite  the  East  and 
the  Great  West. 


32 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


The  Boston  and  Providence,  the  second  railroad  opened  from  Bos- 
ton, enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  one  of  the  most  completely  appointed 
railroads  in  the  United  States.  The  road  proper,  from  Boston  to  Provi- 
dence, is  44  miles,  and  the  branches  and  leased  lines  are  22^  miles  in  length. 
The  road  runs  the  fastest  train,  as  by  regular  schedule,  between  terminal 
points,  of  any  road  in  the  United  States.  This,  the  shore-line  express-train 
to  New  York,  which  leaves  Boston  at  1  p.m.,  arrives  at  Providence  at  2  p.m. 
The  5.30  and  6  p.m.  trains  carry  large  numbers  of  passengers  to  Providence 
and  Stonington,  who  there   take    the    Providence    or  the    Stonington   line 


Boston  and   Providence  Railroad    Depot,  Columbus  Avenue. 

steamers  for  New  York.  These  steamers  are  some  of  the  finest  ever  built: 
and  the  line  known  as  the  "  Providence  Line  "  has  become  deservedly  popu- 
lar with  travellers  between  Boston  and  New  York.  The  company  paid 
10  per  cent  dividends  from  1868  to  1874;  in  tne  subsequent  years,  9,  8, 
and  6  per  cent  respectively.  The  station  in  this  city,  situated  on  Columbus 
Avenue,  is  unquestionably  the  most  convenient  and  comfortable,  as  well  as 
beautiful,  architecturally  speaking,  in  the  United  States ;  and  it  is  the 
longest  in  the  world,  being  850  feet  from  end  to  end.     The  portion  assigned 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  33 

to  the  accommodation  of  passengers  contains  large  and  pleasant  waiting- 
rooms,  dining,  reading,  billiard,  and  smoking  rooms,  a  barber-shop,  and 
wash-rooms,  all  finished  and  equipped  in  a  style  equalled  only  by  our  best 
hotels.  Upon  the  walls  of  the  passenger-rooms  are  painted  an  index  of 
stations  and  distances,  and  maps  of  the  country  passed  through  by  this  road 
and  its  connections.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Company, 
which  are  approached  from  a  gallery  running  around  the  grand  central  hall, 
one  of  the  finest  and  most  effective  features  of  the  building.  Out  of  this 
hall  open  the  waiting-rooms  and  other  apartments  described  above.  The 
train-house  is  600  feet  long  and  130  feet  wide  ;  and  its  great  iron  trusses 
cover  five  tracks  and  three  platforms.  The  entrance  forms  a  fine  feature  of 
the  facade ;  and  at  the  Columbus-avenue  corner  is  a  lofty  tower,  with  a  large 
illuminated  clock.  The  cost  of  this  station  was  $800,000.  The  president 
is  Henry  A.  Whitney ;  and  the  superintendent,  Albert  A.  Folsom. 

The  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  succeeded  the  Boston  and  Worcester 
road,  and  forms  one  continuous  line  to  the  Hudson  River,  so  long  desired 
and  contemplated,  at  the  very  beginning,  in  the  railroad  enterprises  conceived 
by  Boston  men.  The  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Company  was  formed  in 
1869  by  the  consolidation  of  the  Worcester  and  Western  Railroads  with  all 
their  branches  and  leased  lines;  the  Western  road  having  been  opened  from 
Worcester  to  the  Connecticut  River  eight  years  after  the  opening  of  the 
Worcester  road,  and  to  the  State  line  two  years  later.  The  length  of  the 
main  line,  with  double  track,  is  201.65  miles;  and  the  total  length  of  line 
owned,  leased,  and  operated  is  324.74.  It  now  owns  and  operates  the  Grand 
Junction  Railroad  and  its  extensive  and  finely-equipped  wharves  at  East 
Boston,  the  completion  of  which  did  not  at  the  time  realize  the  expectations 
of  its  projectors ;  and  for  14  years  immediately  preceding  its  purchase  it  was 
practically  abandoned.  This  has  been  connected  with  its  main  line,  and  has 
thus  secured  a  deep-water  connection.  It  affords  ample  facilities  for  unload- 
ing the  foreign  steamers  ;  moves  large  numbers  of  immigrants,  in  a  prompt 
and  comfortable  manner,  saving  them  from  the  danger  and  confusion  of  a 
passage  through  the  city,  and  protecting  them  from  sharpers;  and  altogether 
does  an  immense  business  through  this  enterprise.  It  also  owns  and  oper- 
ates a  substantial  grain-elevator  here,  with  a  capacity  of  1,000,000  bushels; 
and  another  on  the  corner  of  Chandler  and  Berkeley  Streets,  with  a  capacity 
of  about  500,000  bushels,  its  object  being  the  supply  of  the  city  trade.  The 
average  annual  dividends  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  have  been  10  per  cent 
until  within  a  few  years,  when  the  general  depression  of  business  through- 
out the  country  has  reduced  them  to  8  per  cent.  About  the  station  in  this 
city,  on  Beach  Street,  there  is  comparatively  little  confusion ;  outward  trains 
leaving  from  one  distinct  section,  and  inward  trains  arriving  in  the  other. 
The  president  is  D.  Waldo  Lincoln:  and  the  general  manager,  William  Bliss. 


34  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  is  now  part  of  a  system  connecting 
with  the  leading  railroads  of  New  Hampshire,  the  Central  Vermont,  and 
the  Grand  Trunk,  and  especially  forming  a  continuous  line  to  Montreal 
and  other  parts  of  Canada  and  the  West,  with  two  express  trains  daily. 
The  Boston  and  Lowell  formed  a  combination  with  the  Nashua  and  Lowell 
Railroad  in  January,  1857,  for  the  joint  operation  of  the  main  roads  and 
branches.  On  this  basis  the  length  of  line  directly  operated  by  this  com- 
pany is  133  miles.  From  its  opening  to  the  year  1875,  the  company's 
yearly  dividends  have  varied  from  2  to  8  per  cent.  The  largest  dividend  was 
paid  in  1873.  None  were  paid  between  1875  and  1877;  but  payment  was 
resumed  in  1878.  The  passenger-station  in  this  city  was  recently  built,  and 
on  a  large  scale,  in  anticipation  of  the  extension  of  the  western  business  of 
the  line,  and  also  of  the  construction  of  the  Massachusetts  Central  Railroad 
from  Boston  to  Northampton,  which  was  suspended  at  the  time  of  the  finan- 
cial crisis,  but  which  has  now  been  taken  in  hand  again.  The  passenger- 
station  is  700  feet  long,  and  has  a  front  of  205  feet  on  Causeway  Street.  In 
the  centre  of  the  head-house  is  a  magnificent  and  lofty  marble-paved  hall, 
finished  in  hard  wood.  Out  of  this  open  large  and  well-appointed  waiting- 
rooms,  a  restaurant,  bundle-rooms,  baggage-rooms,  a  barber's  shop,  etc.  The 
train-house  is  broad,  spacious,  and  long ;  and  its  great  arch  has  a  clear  span 
of  120  feet..  The  building  material  of  the  station  is  face  brick,  with  trim- 
mings of  Nova  Scotia  freestone.  Its  appearance  and  convenience  were 
greatly  improved  in  1878  by  the  addition  of  two  broad  entrances  in  the 
front.  The  building  is  flanked  by  two  massive  towers,  the  westerly  one 
being  much  taller  than  the  other.  The  president  of  the  Boston  and  Lowell 
is  the  Hon.  Thomas  Talbot,  governor  of  Massachusetts ;  and  the  general 
manager,  Hocum  Hosford. 

The  Old-Colony  Railroad  company  was  chartered  March  16,  1844,  to 
build  and  operate  a  railroad  from  Boston  to  Plymouth  ;  and  the  road  was 
opened  for  travel  at  the  close  of  the  following  year.  The  present  Old- 
Colony  Railroad  Company  has  absorbed  the  Old-Colony  and  Fall-River  Rail- 
road Companies,  the  Fall-River  and  Newport,  the  Cape-Cod,  the  Vineyard- 
Sound,  the  South-Shore,  the  Duxbury  and  Cohasset,  the  Middleborough  and 
Taunton,  and  the  Dorchester  and  Milton  roads.  The  main  line,  from 
Boston  to  Newport  and  Provincetown,  is  177  miles  in  length  ;  and  with  its 
various  branches  it  controls  and  operates  in  all  310  miles.  The  main  line 
runs  through  some  of  the  largest  manufacturing  towns  of  Eastern  Massa- 
chusetts, —  Brockton,  the  Bridgewaters,  Easton,  Taunton,  and  Fall  River. 
Provincetown,  one  terminus  of  its  main  line,  is  the  farthest  seaward  point  of 
Cape  Cod.  It  also  reaches  to  Wood's  Holl,  whence  steamer  connection  is 
made  to  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Nantucket.  Other  branches  reach  to 
Hingham  and  Cohasset,  famous  summer  resorts  on  the   South  Shore ;   to 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


35 


Marshfield,  the  old  home  of  Daniel  Webster ;  to  Duxbury,  where  the 
American  end  of  one  of  the  Atlantic  cables  is  held ;  and  to  other  places  of 
interest  and  importance.  As  the  "  land  end  "  of  the  renowned  Fall-River 
line  to  New  York,  with  its  magnificent  steamers  the  "  Bristol "  and  "  Provi- 
dence," as  yet  unnpproached  in  size  or  grandeur  by  any  in  the  world,  the 
Old-Colony  road  is  widely  and  favorably  known.  These  boats,  that  cost 
$1,250,000  each,  have  carried  more  than  2,000,000  passengers.  They  are 
being  constantly  improved,  and  therefore  to-day  are  as  attractive  and  invit- 
ing as  when 
first  launched. 
The  Old-Col- 
ony has  for 
many  years 
paid  a  regular 
6  per  cent  div- 
idend, and  in 
the  years 
1873-75  it  de- 
clared 7  per 
cent.  The  pas- 
senger-station 
in  this  city  is 
at  the  corner 
of  Kneeland 
and  South 
Streets.  It  is 
very  plain  and 
unpretentious, 
but  spacious 
and    well    ar- 


Old   Colony   Railroad   Depot,    Kneeland   Street. 


ranged ;  and  the  train-house  is  so  convenient  that  there  is  never  any  great 
confusion,  and  passengers  find  their  way  clearly  pointed  out  by  bulletin- 
boards. 

In  1876  the  Old-Colony  acquired  control  of  the  Union  Freight  Railway 
in  this  city,  which  is  practically  the  distributor  of  freight  from  the  railways 
to  the  wharves  of  the  city,  for  lading  steamships  and  other  vessels.  By  the 
aid  of  this  railway,  an  elevator,  and  dummy  engines,  a  European  steamship 
can  be  loaded  in  24  hours.  The  Union  Freight  was  first  operated  in  1872, 
and  during  the  year  ending  October,  1878,  conveyed  about  156,000  tons, 
at  a  cost  of  $49,300.  The  charge  per  car  is  $2.  Its  tracks  run  to 
Constitution,  T,  Lewis,  Eastern-avenue,  Commercial,  Union,  and  Central 
Wharves.     The  line  is  2.45  miles  Ions;,  and  extends  from  the  Boston  and 


36  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

Lowell  to  the  Old-Colony  tracks.  The  president  of  the  Old-Colony  road  is 
Charles  F.  Choate;  and  the  general  superintendent,  J.  R.  Kendrick. 

The  Fitchburg  Railroad  company  was  chartered  March  3,  1842,  and  was 
opened  for  travel  to  Waltham  Dec.  20,  1843;  to  Concord  June  17,  1844;  and 
to  Fitchburg  March  5,  1845.  It  now  operates  the  Vermont  and  Massachu- 
setts road,  extending  from  Fitchburg  to  Greenfield,  under  a  lease  for  999 
years,  and  pays  tolls  over  the  Troy  and  Greenfield  and  through  the  Hoosac 
Tunnel,  having  previously  from  1866  to  1875  leased  the  Troy  and  Green- 
field. During  the  year  1878,  extensive  improvements  were  made  at  the 
Boston  end  of  the  road,  from  Warren  Bridge  to  Constitution  Wharf,  and 
tide-water,  in  preparation  for  the  great  volume  of  business  expected  through 
the  road's  direct  connection  with  the  Hoosac  Tunnel ;  and  the  completion 
of  the  Boston,  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and  Western  Railway,  largely  owned  by 
Boston  capital,  which  will  connect  directly  with  the  Erie  Road.  The 
line  of  the  main  road  to  Fitchburg  is  49.60  miles,  and  from  Fitchburg  to 
Greenfield  56  miles ;  and  the  total  length  of  line  owned,  leased,  and  operated 
is  173.43  miles.  For  20  years  it  paid  a  regular  8  per  cent  dividend;  in  1877, 
however,  owing  to  the  depressed  times,  the  dividend  dropped  to  6  per  cent, 
but  has  since  advanced  to  7  per  cent.  The  passenger-station  in  the  city,  on 
Causeway  Street,  is  a  massive  structure  of  undressed  granite,  looking  in 
front  more  like  a  grim  old  castle  than  a  railway  station,  and  was  built  in 
1847.  It  was  in  a  large  hall  (since  removed)  in  the  upper  part  of  this  build- 
ing, that  the  famous  Jenny  Lind  concerts  were  given  in  1850.  The  interior 
of  the  station  has  been  several  times  re-arranged  and  remodelled,  and  it  is 
now  quite  convenient.  Trains  enter  on  one  side,  and  depart  on  the  other. 
The  president  of  the  company  is  William  B.  Stearns ;  the  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  road,  John  Adams ;  and  E.  K.  Turner,  the  assistant  super- 
intendent. 

The  Fitchburg  company  has  recently  entered  into  a  contract  with  the 
Leyland  line  of  steamships,  running  between  Boston  and  Liverpool,  by 
which  two  and  three  steamships  weekly  receive  and  deliver  cargoes  at  Con- 
stitution Wharf. 

The  Eastern  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  April  14,  1836,  to  build  a 
road  from  East  Boston  to  the  New-Hampshire  line ;  and  this  was  completed 
Nov.  9,  1840.  The  main  line  now  runs,  through  consolidation  with  other 
roads,  from  Boston  to  Portland,  and  from  Conway  Junction  to  North  Con- 
way, N.H.,  180  miles  in  all,  with  branches  of  102  miles  in  length  ;  the  total 
length  of  lines  owned,  leased,  and  operated  being  281.966  miles.  The  length 
of  road  in  Massachusetts  is  120.79  miles;  New  Hampshire,  107.63;  and 
Maine,  53.55  miles.  For  many  years  the  company  enjoyed  great  prosperity; 
but  since  1873  it  has  not  paid  a  dividend,  and  has  passed  through  a  most 
trying  ordeal.     In  1876  the  management  came  into  the  hands  of  Gen.  A.  P. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


37 


Rockwell,  the  present  president,  who  with  his  assistants  has  been  gradually 
bringing  the  company  into  a  more  satisfactory  condition  ;  and  the  indica- 
tions at  this  time  are,  that  it  will  soon  be  able  to  recover  itself.  Geographi- 
cally the  location  of  the  road  is  all  that  can  be  desired.  The  branch  to 
North  Conway  is  one  of  the  favorite  modes  of  reaching  the  White  Moun- 
tains ;  and  it  there  connects  with  the  Portland  and  Ogdensburg,  running 
through  the  midst  of  the  mountains.  The  Gloucester  branch,  from  Beverly, 
through  Beverly  Farms,  Manchester-by-the-Sea,  Magnolia,  and  Gloucester, 
to  Rockport,  is  one  of  the  best  branches  controlled  by  this  company ;  the 
summer  travel  along  it  being  very  heavy.  The  passenger-station  in  this 
city  is  on  Causeway  Street,  between  the  stations  of  the  Lowell  and  Fitch- 
burg  roads.  It  was  built  in  1863,  after  the  destruction  by  fire  of  the  former 
station,  and  is  small  and  crowded.  What  space  it  affords  is,  however,  well 
utilized;  and  the  waiting-rooms  are  convenient  and  well  arranged.  It  is  of 
brick,  with  a  central  tower,  upon  which  is  a  clock. 

The  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad,  as  now  constituted,  was  formed  by  the 
consolidation,  Jan.  1,  1842,  of  the  Boston  and  Portland  Railroad,  chartered 
in  Massachusetts  in  1833  5  the  Boston  and  Maine,  chartered  in  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1835;  and  the  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  and  Massachusetts,  char- 
tered in  Maine  in  1836.  The  consolidated  road  was  opened  to  the  junction 
with  the  Portland,  Saco,  and  Portsmouth,  at  South  Berwick,  Me.,  in  1843. 


Boston  and   Maine   Railroad   Depot,    Haymarket  Square. 

The  latter  road  up  to  July,  1871,  was  leased  to  and  operated  by  the  Boston 
and  Maine  and  the  Eastern  roads  jointly.  In  1873  the  Boston  and  Maine 
was  opened  to  Portland.  The  main  line,  from  Boston  to  Portland,  is  115 
miles  long ;  and,  in  addition,  the  company  operates  83  miles  of  branches  and 
leased  lines.  The  main  line  passes  through  one  of  the  most  thickly-settled 
portions  of  New  England.     There  are  42  cities,  towns,  and  villages  between 


$&  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Boston  and  Portland,  many  of  them  being  devoted  to  manufacturing  in- 
terests. The  dividend  paid  in  1877  was  5  percent;  but  for  several  years 
previous  it  was  6,  8,  and  10  per  cent.  The  passenger-station  in  this  city  is 
on  Haymarket  Square,  at  the  foot  of  Washington  Street,  occupying  a  most 
prominent  position.  It  was  built  long  ago;  but  it  has  been  extended,  re- 
arranged, and  improved  internally,  so  that  it  is  now  convenient,  light,  and 
cheerful.  The  president  of  the  Boston  and  Maine  is  Nathaniel  G.  White ; 
and  the  superintendent,  James  T.  Furber. 

The  New- York  and  New-England  Railroad  Company  is  the  re-organized 
Boston,  Hartford,  and  Erie  Railroad  Company,  and  succeeded,  in  1873,  to 
all  the  property  and  rights  of  that  company,  which  had  itself  absorbed  the 
Norfolk-County  Railroad,  the  Southbridge  and  Blackstone,  the  Midland,  and 
the  Woonsocket  branch.  It  now  owns  and  operates  a  railroad  from  Boston 
and  Providence,  through  Willimantic,  to  Waterbury,  Conn.;  from  Brookline, 
Mass.,  to  Woonsocket,  R.I.;  and  branches  to  Southbridge  and  Dedham. 
It  also  operates  under  leases  the  Norwich  and  Worcester  Railroad  from 
Worcester  to  Allyn's  Point,  and  thereby  controls  an  independent  Sound  line 
of  steamers  to  New  York;  the  Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts  Railroad 
from  Franklin  to  Valley  Falls,  making  a  direct  line  from  Boston  to  Provi- 
dence without  change  of  cars  ;  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  the  South  Manchester  and  Vernon  branches  in  Connecticut.  The  rail- 
road and  steamboat  lines  under  its  control  aggregate  nearly  500  miles.  By 
means  of  the  transfer  steamer  "Maryland,"  running  between  Harlem  River 
and  Jersey  City,  a  sleeping-car  is  run  through  to  Savannah  every  day  in  the 
week,  starting  from  the  depot  of  this  company  on  Atlantic  Avenue  at  the 
foot  of  Summer  Street  every  evening  at  six  o'clock.  Through  the  enterprise 
of  the  New- York  and  New-England  road,  the  fare  for  a  trip  between 
Boston  and  New  York  was  reduced  to  one  dollar.  William  T.  Hart  is 
president  of  the  company ;  and  Charles  P.  Clark,  general  manager. 

The  Boston,  Revere  Beach,  and  Lynn  Railroad  is  a  narrow-gauge  road, 
running  from  East  Boston  (connected  with  the  city  proper  by  ferries  that 
start  from  Atlantic  Avenue  at  the  foot  of  High  Street)  to  Lynn  along  the 
crest  of  Revere  Beach.  This  magnificent  beach,  almost  five  miles  long,  is 
dotted  at  short  intervals  with  hotels,  many  of  which  have  gained  such  repu- 
tations that  thousands  of  people  are  attracted  to  them  daily  in  the  summer 
season.  Trains  run  hourly  during  the  day  and  evening,  and  carry  a  large 
number  of  passengers  travelling  for  pleasure.  The  three-feet  gauge  is 
admirably  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  the  road.  The  Boston,  Winthrop,  and 
Point  Shirley  road  connects  with  this  road  at  Winthrop  Junction,  and  runs 
thence  to  the  watering-place  of  Ocean  Spray  in  the  town  of  Winthrop. 
Edwin  Walden  is  president;  J.  G.  Webster,  treasurer;  and  E.  H.  Whorf, 
superintendent. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


39 


The  railroad  business  of  Boston  is  shown  in  the  following  table,  com- 
piled from  the  reports  for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1878 :  — 


■ "     "■ 

Railroads. 

Loco- 
motives. 

Passenger 
Cars. 

Baggage, 

Express,  and 

Mail  Cars. 

Freight  and 
other  Cars. 

Passengers 
carried. 

Tons 

of  Freight 

carried. 

Boston  &  Albany   .     . 

243 

184 

55 

5,424 

5,200,641 

2,642,555 

Boston  &  Providence  . 

45 

103 

18 

681 

3,213,189 

569,751 

Boston  &  Lowell    .     . 

44 

60 

26 

650 

1,935,843 

604,122 

Old  Colony   .... 

72 

158 

27 

1,024 

3,959,023 

631,190 

Fitchburg      .... 

70 

77 

25 

I,52° 

2,166,116 

1.  "5,771 

Eastern 

97 

136 

37 

i,349 

4,197,991 

697,987 

Boston  &  Maine     .     . 

77 

133 

28 

1,226 

4,564,17! 

582,851 

N.Y.&  New  England, 

7i 

102 

3° 

898 

3,121,368 

737,964 

Boston,  Revere  Beach, 
&  Lynn   . 

!  s 

23 

... 

16 

686,838 

Boston  has  been,  from  the  start,  a  commercial  city,  and  its  commerce 
has  been  most  extensive.  The  first  ship  was  built  as  early  as  1631  ;  the 
quaint  records  of  the  early  clay  stating,  under  the  date  of  July  4  of  that 
year:  "  The  Governour  built  a  bark  at  Mys tick- which  was  launched  this  day 
and  called  the  Blessing  of  the  Bay."  The  first  regular  steamship  that  ar- 
rived in  Boston  from  across  the  Atlantic  was  "  The  Acadia,"  of  the  Cunard 
line,  in  1840.  The  advantages  of  the  situation  of  the  city,  set  upon  a  har- 
bor, deep,  capacious,  secure,  and  unobstructed  at  all  seasons  of  the  year, 
were  early  comprehended  by  the  people  ;  and  the  shipping-interests  were  fos- 
tered and  extended  with  wise  judgment  and  great  rapidity.  Even  before  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  product  of  the  land  was  shipped  to 
Virginia,  the  West  Indies,  Great  Britain,  Portugal,  Spain,  and  Madeira,  in 
exchange  for  the  fruits,  wines,  and  manufactures  of  those  countries  ;  and  the 
construction  of  wharves  on  a  systematic  scale  was  begun.  In  the  early  part 
of  the  nineteenth  century  great  improvements  were  made  in  the  wharves  and 
the  streets  leading  thereto.  Long  Wharf  had  been  built  since  1710,  and  was 
then  much  longer  than  it  now  is,  owing  to  the  filling-in  and  extension  of  the 
water-front.  The  building  of  Central  Wharf,  with  a  line  of  54  stores  four 
stories  high,  was  one  of  the  early  improvements  of  the  nineteenth  century; 
and  before  1850  the  whole  margin  of  the  city  on  the  east  and  north  was 
lined  with  about  200  docks  and  wharves,  affording  an  extent  of  wharfage  of 
over  five  miles,  with  fine  warehouses,  many  of  granite,  presenting  a  solid 


40  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

and  substantial  appearance.  Of  the  magnitude  of  some  of  these  wharves  a 
few  figures  will  give  an  idea.  Before  the  building  of  Atlantic  Avenue, 
which  has  been  built  by  the  making  of  new  land  across  the  head  of  the 
wharves,  thus  shortening  their  length,  Long  Wharf  extended  1,800  feet  into 
the  harbor,  with  a  line  of  76  warehouses ;  Central  Wharf,  1,379  feet;  and 
India  Wharf,  980  feet.  Among  other  extensive  wharves  are  T,  Commer- 
cial, Lewis's,  Russia  (formerly  Griffin's  Wharf,  which  was  the  scene  of 
the  famous  "tea-party"  in  the  early  days  of  resistance  to  British  oppres- 
sion), Battery,  and  Constitution  Wharves.  The  fine  deep-water  front  across 
the  harbor  on  the  East  Boston  side,  and  Constitution  Wharf  in  the  city 
proper,  accommodate  the  European  steamships.  In  East  Boston,  besides 
the  extensive  Grand-Junction  wharves  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Rail- 
road, are  the  Cunard  Wharf,  and  the  wharves  of  the  National  Dock  and 
Warehouse  Company,  where  the  bulk  of  the  East  India  trade  is  done.  In 
the  Charlestown  district  the  water-front  is  taken  up  by  the  Navy  Yard, 
wharves  belonging  to  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  Company,  the  large  Mystic- 
river  Wharf  of  the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  Company,  with  its  grain 
and  coal  elevators,  and  the  wharf  of  the  Mystic-river  Corporation.  On  the 
south  side  of  the  harbor  the  filling-in  of  the  South-Boston  flats  is  rapidly 
advancing;  and  large  deep-water  docks  and  wharves,  with  railroad  freight- 
yards,  will  soon  be  ready  to  accommodate  ocean  steamships. 

Although  the  shipping-interests  of  Boston  suffered  a  temporary  check 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  they  are  now  steadily  and  rapidly  improving ; 
and  the  city  maintains  its  position  as  the  second  commercial  port  in  the 
Union.  There  are  at  present  four  regular  first-class  steamship-lines  between 
Boston  and  European  ports,  each  running  steamships  at  the  average  of 
at  least  once  a  week,  —  the  Cunard,  Warren,  and  Leyland  lines  to  Liverpool, 
and  the  Wilson  Line  to  Hull  and  Southampton.  Others  are  also  contem- 
plated. Ten  years  ago  the  Cunard  steamships  were  the  only  transatlantic 
ones  running  to  Boston,  and  they  ran  but  once  a  fortnight.  There  are  also 
regular  weekly  lines  to  the  Provinces  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
Prince  Edward  Island;  a  regular  line  to  the  Western  Islands;  and  coast- 
wise steamers  to  Philadelphia,  Savannah,  Baltimore,  Norfolk,  New  York,  and 
Portland.  Among  new  lines  projected  is  one  to  the  West  Indies.  The 
export  trade  of  the  city  is  steadily  progressing.  From  January  to  October, 
1878,  the  total  exports  were  $43,952,587. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  41 


hotels  an*  Restaurants. 

THE    PRINCIPAL    TRANSIENT    AND    FAMILY    HOTELS,    THE 
RESTAURANTS   AND    CAFE'S. 

THE  first  tavern  in  Boston  is  said  to  have  been  opened  in  1634,  by  Samuel 
Cole,  on  Merchants'  Row.  During  the  seventeenth  century  the  leading 
taverns  were  the  State  Arms,  the  Ship,  the  King's  Arms,  the  Castle,  the  Red 
Lion,  the  King's  Head,  and  the  Green  Dragon ;  most  of  which,  of  course, 
were  at  the  North  End.  Histories  tell  some  droll  stories  of  these  old  tav- 
erns. In  the  last  century  the  most  celebrated  houses  were  the  British  Coffee 
House,  the  Royal  Exchange,  the  Roebuck  Coffee  House,  and  the  Green 
Dragon  Tavern ;  the  latter  being  the  headquarters  of  the  Liberty  Boys. 
When  coaches  came  in  vogue,  such  houses  as  Earl's,  the  Elm  Street,  the 
Eastern  Stage,  and  the  City  Tavern,  were  opened  :  the  latter,  situated  on 
Brattle  Street,  was  owned  by  Simeon  Boyden,  who  has  been  called  the 
"father  of  the  hotel  system  of  the  United  States."  The  Boston  Exchange 
was  built  on  Devonshire  Street  in  1804,  and  burned  in  18 18,  when  the  con- 
flagration is  said  to  have  interrupted  a  game  of  cards  in  which  Henry 
Clay  held  three  aces.  The  Lion,  the  Lamb,  the  Pearl-street  House,  Hatch's, 
the  Commercial  Coffee  House,  and  the  Sun  Tavern  became  famous  hostel- 
ries,  and  places  of  resort.  Succeeding  these  came  the  Marlborough,  the 
Albion,  the  Bromfield,  and  others ;  some  of  which,  although  still  standing, 
have  outlived  their  pre-eminence.  But  it  is  regarding  the  hotels  of  the 
present  time  that  the  reader  is  to  be  informed ;  and,  in  sketching  those,  it 
is  especially  appropriate  to  begin  with  Boston's  most  noted  caravansary,  — 
The  Parker  House,  famed  all  over  America  and  the  world  for  its  solid 
comfort  and  real  attractions.  It  is  a  handsome  six-story  marble  edifice, 
fronting  on  both  School  and  Tremont  Streets,  centrally  located,  near  all  the 
places  of  amusement,  and  all  depot  street-cars  pass  its  door.  It  was  founded 
in  1854  by  Harvey  D.  Parker,  one  of  the  best-known  and  most  popular  hotel- 
keepers,  whose  name  has  become  so  familiar  that  its  mere  mention  is 
suggestive  of  the  choicest  viands.  In  fact,  the  house  is  so  renowned  as 
a  rendezvous  of  bon-vivants,  that  hotels  all  over  the  country  have  adopted 
the  name  of  "  Parker's  "  in  order  to  add  to  their  own  prestige.  There  are 
260  rooms,  including  many  large  drawing-rooms  and  spacious  suites  ;  and 
220  persons  are  employed  in  the  house,  which  usually  contains  about  250 
guests.     The  whole  first  story  is  devoted  to  club-rooms,  and  a  large  military 


42 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


hall  with  a  seating  capacity  for  200  persons.  Among  the  social  organiza- 
tions whose  periodical  meetings  have  given  the  house  such  an  extended 
reputation,  are  the  Literary  Club,  Examiner  Club,  Banks  Club,  Agricultural 
Club,  Merchants'  Club,  Commercial  Club,  Bird  Club,  and  many  others. 
The  specialty  of  Parker's  is  the  careful  attention  paid  the  cuisine,  which 
has  become  as  famous  as  that  of  the  best  Parisian  restaurants,  and  rivals 
the  Cafe  Anglais  or  the  Maison  d'Or.  The  ladies'  ordinary  enjoys  a  mo- 
nopoly in  its  line,  being  the  only  first-class  ladies'  restaurant  in  the  city. 


Parker    House,    School    Street. 


The  cellar  is  a  storehouse  of  all  that  is  choice.  Old  madeiras,  sherries, 
and  ports  are  to  be  found  nowhere  else  in  like  profusion  and  perfection. 
The  clarets,  hocks,  and  burgundies  are  Mr.  Parker's  direct  importations, 
the  result  of  personal  selection  from  the  best  European  vintages.  The 
house  is  a  model  of  New-England  cleanliness,  and  is  such  a  favorite  resort 
of  Harvard  students  that  Artemus  Ward  located  Harvard  College  at  Parker's. 
The  cafe  is  the  rendezvous  and  exchange  for  politicians  and  business  men 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  43 

on  all  occasions ;  while  at  times,  such  as  election  night,  the  lobby  becomes 
the  resort  of  crowds,  and  presents  an  animated  scene.  The  house  contains 
an  elevator,  reading  and  writing  rooms,  telegraph  and  theatre-ticket  office. 
The  price  of  rooms  ranges  from  $1  to  $5,  and  of  suites  from  $8  to  $12  per 

day. 

The  Hotel  Brunswick,  situated  upon  Boylston  Street,  corner  of  Claren- 
don Street,  is  one  of  the  most  comfortable  and  handsomely  furnished  hotels 
in  the  world.  The  lessee  and  manager  is  Col.  J.  W.  Wolcott,  who  has  fur- 
nished the  hotel  in  lavish  and  magnificent  style. 

The  site  of  the  hotel  is,  perhaps,  the  most  delightful  one  that  could  have 
been  selected.  It  is  within  a  few  moments  walk  of  the  Public  Garden 
and  Common,  and  surrounded  by  the  most  elegant  architectural  structures, 
including  the  new  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  the  Public  Library,  Institute  of 
Technology,  and  several  of  the  new  church  edifices,  among  which  are  the 
New  "  Old  South  "  and  Trinity.  It  is  as  near  to  the  depots,  and  as  con- 
venient to  all  parts  of  the  city,  as  any  of  the  old  hotels.  Boylston  Street, 
on  which  the  Brunswick  fronts,  is  one  of  the  broadest  and  finest  thorough- 
fares in  Boston.  The  Beacon-street  cars  pass  the  Brunswick,  and  several 
lines  of  cars  pass  close  by. 

The  house  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan,  the  terms  being  $4.50  per 
day;  and,  under  the  skilled  hands  of  Col.  Wolcott,  it  has  proved  to  be  such  a 
hotel  as  Boston  never  saw  before.  "  I  have  lived,"  says  Sothern,  "in  hotels 
nearly  all  over  the  globe,  and  I  have  never  met  with  one  so  thoroughly 
well  managed  in  every  department."  And  to  this  Dion  Boucicault  adds  : 
i(  My  professional  duties  carry  me  every  year  between  San  Francisco  and 
Paris,  ranging  through  the  intermediate  cities  ;  and  I  fail  to  remember  any 
hotel  within  that  range  that  can  surpass  the  Brunswick,  few  that  can  com- 
pete with  it."  Not  only  do  the  leading  actors  and  musicians  make  this  hotel 
their  home  while  in  Boston,  but  nowadays  many  of  the  most  distinguished 
and  notable  personages  of  this  country  and  Europe  enjoy  the  luxury  afforded 
by  the  accommodations  of  the  Brunswick. 

The  building,  which  was  designed  by  Peabody  &  Stearns,  architects,  of 
Boston,  is  essentially  fireproof.  It  covers  more  than  half  an  acre  of  ground, 
is  200  by  125  feet,  six  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  contains  350  rooms. 
All  the  chambers  are  supplied  with  every  modern  convenience;  every 
apartment  has  hot  and  cold  water;  and  every  suite  has  a  bath-room.  The 
passenger-elevator  is  one  of  the  most  luxurious  in  Boston.  The  structure  is 
of  brick,  with  heavy  sandstone  trimmings.  The  principal  finish  of  the  first 
two  stories  is  of  black  walnut.  On  the  right  of  the  principal  entrance  are 
two  parlors  for  the  use  of  ladies,  and  on  the  left  of  the  main  entrance  is  the 
gentlemen's  parlor.  On  the  easterly  side  of  the  house  is  the  new  dining- 
hall,  dedicated  upon  Whittier's  seventieth  birthday,  when  the  proprietors  of 


44 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


"  The  Atlantic  Monthly  "  gave  the  dinner  at  which  so  many  noted  American 
writers  were  present.  On  the  right  of  the  ladies'  entrance  is  the  large  dining- 
hall,  80  feet  long  by  48  feet  wide.  Both  dining-halls  have  marble-tile  floors, 
the  walls  being  Pompeiian  red,  and  the  ceiling  frescoed  to  correspond.  The 
five  stories  above  are  divided  into  suites  and  single  rooms,  all  conveniently 
arranged,  and  provided  with  every  modern  improvement,  including  open  fire- 
places, besides  steam-heating  apparatus.  Every  thing  seems  to  have  been 
done  to  make  the  house  homelike,  comfortable,  and  attractive,  and  free  from 
the  usual  cheerless  appearance  of  hotels.  The  cost  of  the  building  was 
nearly  a  million  dollars.  It  was  built  in  1874,  and  enlarged  in  1876.  Presi- 
dent Hayes,  when  attending  the  Harvard  Commencement  in  1877,  with  his 
family  and  suite,  occupied  rooms  at  the  Brunswick.  The  rooms  were  en- 
tirely refurnished,  and  the  hotel  elaborately  decorated,  for  the  occasion. 
Ex-Gov.  Rice  and  Gov.  Talbot  reside  at  this  hotel.  Many  of  the  Harvard 
classes  have  selected  the  Brunswick  as  the  place  for  their  annual  dinners. 

The  Tremont  House,  on  Tremont  Street,  at  the  corner  of  Beacon  Street, 
is   centrally  located,   many  of   the    street-car   lines    having   their    terminus 

before  its  doors.  The 
Tremont  was  the  pio- 
neer of  large  first-class 
hotels  in  this  country ; 
and  to-day  it  has  an  at- 
mosphere of  old-fash- 
ioned comfort,  solid- 
ity, and  respectability, 
that  makes  it  very  at- 
tractive to  many  peo- 
ple. It  is  a  substantia] 
and  imposing  building, 
with  accommodations 
for  250  persons,  and 
has  all  the  accessories  of  a  modern  hotel.  The  rooms  are  large,  well  fur- 
nished, and  exceedingly  cheerful.  The  windows  of  the  parlors  and  reading- 
room  look  out  upon  the  busiest  part  of  Tremont  Street.  The  dining-rooms 
are  very  pleasant ;  the  cooking  is  excellent ;  and  the  table  is  unsurpassed 
by  that  of  any  hotel  in  New  England.  The  house  is  conducted  on  the 
American  plan,  the  terms  being  $3.50  to  $4  per  day.  It  was  built  in  1830, 
by  Messrs.  Elliot,  Belknap,  &  Upham,  on  land  belonging  to  the  Elliot 
estate.  D wight  Boyden,  the  son  of  Simeon  Boyden  the  famous  hotel- 
keeper,  was  the  first  landlord.  Under  his  efficient  management  the  Tre- 
mont House  soon  attained  a  national  reputation,  and  enabled  him  in  the 
course  of  time  to  retire  with  a  fortune  of  nearly  half  a  million  dollars.     The 


Tremont  House,   Tremont  Street. 


o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


45 


S=i-J^  JlXtJJai1-  11  iff  $  f  j  i  Jf 
pftO  f  f  .I'l'lLOi'.i 


American   House,    Hanover   Street. 


property  was  bought  in  1859  for  the  great  Sears  estate.  Chapin,  Gurney, 
&  Co.,  men  of  long  experience,  are  the  proprietors  of  the  Tremont,  as  well 
as  the  Revere  House  mentioned  below. 

The  American  House,  No.  56  Hanover  Street,  Lewis  Rice  &  Son,  pro- 
prietors, is  the  leading  business-house  of  the  city  kept  on  the  American 
plan.  It  was  first  opened 
in  1835,  and  was  entirely 
rebuilt  in  1851,  covering 
the  sites  of  the  old 
American  House,  Han- 
over House,  Earl's,  and 
Merchants'  Hotels.  On 
part  of  this  ground  stood 
the  home  of  Gen.  War- 
ren. Additions  and  im- 
provements have  since 
been  made  ;  and  it  is  now 
one  of  the  largest,  as  it  is 
reputed  to  be  one  of  the 

best-managed,  hotels  in  New  England.  It  is  finely  furnished,  has  wide 
corridors,  and  spacious  public  drawing-rooms.  The  first  passenger-elevator 
in  Boston  was  constructed  for  this  house,  which  contains  all  modern 
improvements  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  its  guests.  It  has  been 
for  years  the  headquarters  of  the  shoe-and-leather  trade,  and  a  popular 
resort  for  Western  and  Southern  merchants.  It  has  fine  family  suites,  and 
is  conveniently  situated  for  business  or  pleasure.  Its  prices  have  recently 
been  reduced  to  $3  and  #3.50  a  day.  The  original  American  House  and  the 
present  one  have  been,  during  forty  consecutive  years,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  the  late  Lewis  Rice,  and  his  son  Henry  B.  Rice. 

The  Revere  House,  on  Bowdoin  Square,  is  a  large  and  well-appointed 
hotel  on  the  American  plan,  having  accommodations  for  250  guests,  and 
charging  $3.50  to  #4.00  a  clay.  It  was  built  in  1847  by  a  company  of  promi- 
nent gentlemen,  and  was  named  after  the  Revolutionary  hero  Paul  Revere. 
For  many  years  it  was  under  the  management  of  Paran  Stevens,  who  was 
also  the  lessee  of  the  Fifth-avenue  Hotel  in  New  York,  and  the  Continental 
Hotel  in  Philadelphia.  The  Revere  House  is  one  of  the  most  comfortable 
and  homelike  hotels  in  the  country,  and  the  cuisine  is  equal  to  that  of  any 
hotel  in  New  England.  Many  public  banquets  are  given  at  this  house. 
Among  the  distinguished  people  who  have  stopped  here  are  President  Grant, 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  King  Kalakaua,  the  Emperor  Dom  Pedro,  the  Grand 
Duke  Alexis,  Jenny  Lind,  Christine  Nilsson,  Adelina  Patti,  Parepa  Rosa, 
and  Theresa  Titiens.      Club  and  class  dinners  are  made  a  specialty,  and 


46 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


the  house  has  the  reputation  of  serving  them  in  the  most  elegant  manner. 

There  are  large  reception- 
rooms,  private  parlors,  and  all 
other  public  apartments  usu- 
ally found  in  first-class  hotels. 
Precautions  have  been  taken 
to  guard  against  fire;  and  ele- 
vators, corridors,  and  stair- 
cases extending  through  the 
house,  render  it  easy  of  exit. 
Bowdoin  Square,  on  which 
the  house  fronts,  is  a  street- 
car centre.  Chapin,  Gurney, 
&  Co.  are  the  proprietors  of 

the  Revere,  and  also  of  the  Tremont  House  mentioned  on  a  previous  page. 
The  Quincy  House,  corner  of  Brattle  Street  and  Brattle  Square,  is  on 

the  site  of  the  first  Quaker  meeting-house  in  Boston.     The  original  hotel 

has  been  extended  from  time  to  time,  until  it  now  covers  more  ground  than 


b3=9K'CaH!>WS«£= 


Revere   House,    Bowdoin   Square. 


any  other  hotel  in  the 
erected  in  Boston.  1 
lent  accommodations 
$2.50  per  day.  It  is 
whom  special  terms 
bought  the  hotel  in  1 
nished  it  throughout. 


Quincy   House,   Brattle  Square 

city.  It  includes  the  first  structure  of  Quincy  granite 
'he  Quincy  House  is  well  furnished,  and  affords  excel- 
for  a  first-class  business  house,  the  terms  being  only 
the  home  of  many  families  and  gay  bachelors,  with 
are  made.  George  E.  Bell  and  James  W.  Johnson 
874,  and  since  then  they  have  remodelled  and  refur- 
George  G.  Mann  has  charge  of  the  office. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    IWSTOK. 


47 


The  St.  James  Hotel  is  one  of  the  best  and  largest  hotels  in  the 
city.  It  accommodates  about  500  quests,  and  has  over  400  rooms.  The 
price  for  transient  board  is  $3  a  day.  The  proprietors  are  J.  S.  Doyle, 
formerly  of  the  American  House,  and  G.  C.  Mead,  formerly  of  the  Tremont 
House.  The  St.  James  is  finely  situated  on  Franklin  Square;  which  is  a 
beautiful  park,  with  trees,  flowers,  and  fountains.     The  house  is  surrounded 


St.  James    Hotel,    Kranklm   Squaie. 


by  broad  streets,  and  the  locality  is  exceedingly  healthy.  The  hotel  was 
built  in  1867  by  M.  M.  Ballon,  and  is  of  brick,  with  granite  facings,  and  a 
French  roof.  The  Washington-street  cars  pass  near  by  every  minute  of 
the  day.  The  house  is  provided  with  reading  and  smoking  rooms,  club- 
rooms,  ladies1  and  gentlemen's  parlors,  telegraph-office,  billiard-room,  and 
two  elevators.  The  St.  James  is  the  largest  family  hotel  in  the  city,  and  the 
most  expensively  furnished  one. 

The  Evans  House  is  a  handsome  structure  at  No.  175  Tremont  Street, 
facing  the  Common,  and  pleasantly  situated.  The  hotel  is  on  the  American 
plan,  and  is  provided  with  a  passenger-elevator,  and  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments. It  accommodates  about  150  people.  The  prices  are  $3,  $3.50,  and 
$4  a  day.  A  great  many  actors  make  the  Evans  House  their  home  while 
in  Boston.  The  proprietor  is  A.  L.  Howe,  who  during  the  year  1878  opened 
the  Hotel  Wellesley  at  Wellesley,  Mass.,  which  has  earned  such  an  enviable 
reputation  for  its  lovely  situation  and  good  management. 


48  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

Other  hotels,  nearly  150  in  number,  of  various  grades,  are  in  almost 
every  part  of  the  city.  Among  the  better  class  in  the  city  proper  are 
the  Commonwealth,  1697  Washington  Street,  kept  by  S.  K.  Harwood;  the 
United  States,  Beach  and  Lincoln  Streets,  by  Barnes,  Gill,  &  Co. ;  Young's 
Hotel,  Court  Avenue,  by  Hall  &  Whipple ;  the  Adams  House,  555  Wash- 
ington Street,  by  D.  Chamberlin;  the  Crawford  House,  Court  and  Brattle 
Streets,  by  Stumcke  &  Goodwin;  the  Sherman  House,  Court  Square,  by 
Thomas  L.  Smith ;  and  the  New-England  House,  Clinton  and  Blackstone 
Streets,  by  J.  T.  Wilson.  In  East  Boston  is  the  Maverick  House,  Maverick 
Square,  by  Ivory  Goodwin;  in  the  Roxbury  district,  the  Norfolk  House, 
Eliot  Square,  by  Charles  A.  Jones ;  and  in  the  Brighton  district,  the  Cattle- 
Fair  Hotel,  Washington  Street,  by  J.  I.  Nesmith. 

The  "  French  flat "  or  Continental  system  of  dwellings,  sometimes  called 
"family  hotels,"  —  a  single  tenement  occupying  the  whole  or  part  of  a 
floor,  instead  of  several  floors  in  a  house,  —  gained  its  foothold  in  America 
by  its  introduction  in  Boston.  Before  the  annexation  of  the  surrounding 
districts,  Boston  was  said  to  have  been  the  most  densely  populated  city  in 
America,  and  there  was  a  natural  demand  for  economy  in  space.  The  first 
building  of  the  "French  flats"  or  "family  hotel"  class  was  the  Hotel 
Pelham,  at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Boylston  Streets,  built  by  Dr.  John 
H.  Dix  about  twenty  years  ago.  At  the  widening  of  Tremont  Street,  this 
building  was  raised  up  bodily,  and  moved  about  twenty  feet  down  Boylston 
Street,  without  disturbing  the  occupants,  or  in  the  least  disarranging  the 
interior,  —  a  feat  of  engineering  regarded  at  the  time  as  most  remarkable, 
being  the  first  instance  of  the  moving  of  such  a  large  mass  of  masonry. 
This  style  of  dwelling  rapidly  increased  in  popularity,  and  now  their  num- 
ber is  so  great  that  it  is  hardly  practicable  to  mention  them  here.  They 
range  from  the  most  palatial  and  elegant  structures,  equally  beautiful  in 
exterior  and  interior  decorations,  to  plain  and  comfortable  houses  adapted 
for  people  of  moderate  means.  The  greater  portion  of  the  costly  class 
have  passenger-elevators.  The  price  paid  for  the  rent  of  a  dwelling  gener- 
ally includes  the  steam-heat  and  the  service  of  the  janitor,  who  performs  the 
heaviest  drudgery.  Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  houses  are  the 
Hotel  Pelham,  before  mentioned:  the  Hotel  Boylston,  on  the  opposite 
corner,  owned  by  Charles  Francis  Adams ;  the  Berkeley  and  the  Cluny,  on 
Boylston  Street ;  the  Vendome,  the  Hamilton,  and  the  Agassiz,  on  Common- 
wealth Avenue;  the  Huntington,  at  the  corner  of  Huntington  Avenue  and 
Dartmouth  Street;  the  Hoffman,  the  Edinburgh,  the  Albemarle,  and  the 
Berwick,  on  Columbus  Avenue ;  the  Blackstone,  fronting  on  Blackstone 
Square ;  in  the  Roxbury  district,  the  Dartmouth  and  the  Comfort ;  and  in 
the  Charlestown  district,  the  Waverley. 


A'/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


49 


The  Restaurants  and  Cafe's  of  Boston  number  nearly  500.  Excepting 
those  connected  with  hotels,  there  are  not  many  worthy  of  particular  men- 
tion. As  a  rule,  they  furnish  good  food  at  reasonable  prices,  and  are  well 
kept  and  conveniently  situated.  The  cafe's  of  the  Parker  House,  Revere 
House,  and  Tremont  House,  are  frequented  by  persons  desiring  a  hasty  first- 
class  meal.  Of  the  noteworthy  restaurants,  Whitney's  and  Ober's  stand  at 
the  head  of  the  list ;  and  of  these,  brief  sketches  will  be  given. 

Whitney's  Breakfast  and  Dining  Rooms  occupy  three  floors  in  the  upper 
portion  of  the  lofty  Equitable  Building,  corner  of  Milk  and  Devonshire 
Streets.  Almost  the  whole  of  Boston  proper,  its  harbor  and  surroundings, 
can  be  seen  from  the  windows  of  these  rooms,  which  are  nearly  200  feet 
from  the  sidewalk,  presenting  a  most  inviting  panoramic  view.  The  rooms, 
including  public  and  private  apartments,  are 
not  only  tastefully  furnished,  but  also,  in 
summer,  are  refreshingly  cool,  and  at  all 
seasons  delightfully  pleasant  and  comforta- 
ble. The  table  service  and  appointments  are 
fully  up  to  the  standard  of  first-class  restau- 
rants. Sydney  Whitney,  the  proprietor,  is 
thoroughly  competent  to  conduct  the  estab- 
lishment, after  his  long  experience,  which 
began  20  years  ago  in  the  Pearl-street  House, 
that  stood  on  the  site  of  the  grand  building 
of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.  Mr. 
Whitney  was  chief  clerk  at  Young's  Hotel 
for  many  years.  The  Whitney  rooms  are 
resorted  to  by  the  best  class  of  people,  — 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  citizens  and  strangers. 
Three  elevators,  running  constantly  by  steam- 
power,  carry  up  and  down  about  3,000  people  per  day.  Among  the  private 
rooms  is  the  "  Harvard  Room,"  fitted  up  expressly  for  Harvard  students. 
These  rooms  are  at  a  greater  elevation  from  the  street  floor  than  any  dining- 
rooms  in  the  world,  and  the  only  ones  in  Boston  where  a  genuine  English 
mutton-chop,  weighing  a  full  pound  before  it  is  cooked,  can  be  obtained. 

Ober's  Restaurant  Parisien  is  one  of  the  American  establishments  that 
are  well  known  in  Europe  and  throughout  this  country,  among  the  great 
connoisseurs  of  first-class  French  cooking.  Here,  in  a  quiet  place,  in  a 
building  making  no  exterior  show,  are  some  of  the  cosiest  and  most  ele- 
gantly furnished  rooms,  provided  with  exquisite  linen  and  table-ware,  where 
one  can  enjoy  the  most  substantial  repast,  prepared  in  the  daintiest  Parisian 
style.  When  Louis  P.  Ober,  the  proprietor,  had  a  few  rooms  for  the  accom- 
modation of  transient  guests,  they  were  always  occupied  by  noted  or  wealthy 


Whitney's   Rooms,    Equuable   Building. 


50  KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

foreigners,  among  whom  were  the  leading  members  of  the  Italian  and  the 
Aimee  Opera  Companies.  It  is  20  years  since  this  house  was  established. 
Ten  years  ago  Mr.  Ober  became  the  proprietor;  and  throughout  this  time 
it  has  not  only  fully  sustained  its  old  reputation,  but  has  become  as  noted 
as  Delmonico's  and  the  Hotel  Brunswick  of  New  York,  and  is  now  rivalling, 
for  excellence  in  cooking  and  quality  of  food,  some  of  the  best-known 
restaurants  of  Paris.  During  the  past  summer  the  building  —  which,  by  the 
way,  is  owned  by  Mr.  Ober,  and  is  situated  on  Winter  Place,  that  leads  off 
of  Winter  Street  —  has  been  refurnished  and  newly  decorated  throughout. 
The  restaurant  is  conducted  on  the  "  a  la  carte  "  system ;  but  a  specialty  is 
also  made  of  "  table  d'hote "  dinners,  that  are  served  from  1  to  4  o'clock 
p.m.  every  day.  These  dinners  are  patronized  by  the  elite  of  Boston.  In 
the  house  there  are  large  and  small  rooms  that  are  resorted  to  by  the 
most  fastidious,  for  the  choicest  private  dinners  and  lunches.  The  place 
is  kept  open  until  12  p.m.,  for  the  accommodation  of  those  who  have  been 
spending  their  evening  at  the  theatres,  concert-rooms,  or  other  places  of 
entertainment.  On  the  first  floor  is  Ober's  oyster  and  lunch  room,  where 
dishes  prepared  in  the  best  manner  can  be  served  at  a  moment's  notice. 
The  great  specialty  of  this  house  is  its  wines,  which  are  as  costly  and  as 
fine  as  those  of  any  similar  establishment  in  this  country.  The  whole  of 
this  stock,  which  is  surpassed  in  value  by  that  of  none  of  his  competitors, 
was  imported  by  Mr.  Ober,  who  made  his  own  selection  by  personal  visits 
to  the  wine-markets  of  the  Old  World. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  51 


&J)e   Public   Butitimgs- 

CITY,    COUNTY,    STATE,    AND    UNITED    STATES    BUILDINGS; 
AND   CITY   GOVERNMENT. 

THE  pride  with  which  the  Bostonian  shows  the  public  buildings,  and 
those  devoted  to  art,  literature,  and  education,  is  not  unreasonable. 
Without  exaggeration,  it  can  be  said,  that  no  city  in  the  country  presents  a 
finer  or  more  substantial  class  of  buildings.  They  are  not  all  imposing, 
and  few  are  "showy;''1  they  are  not  all  of  modern  style,  after  one  pattern; 
but  they  are,  as  a  rule,  thoroughly  and  honestly  built ;  and  generally  attrac- 
tive and  satisfactory,  so  far  as  architectural  design  is  concerned,  even  to 
the  educated  critic.  Some  are  stately  and  impressive ;  others  have  an 
every-day  business  look  about  them  ;  and  all  are  a  credit  to  the  city,  and  to 
those  who  planned  and  built  them. 

Boston,  as  a  city,  owns  293  public  buildings,  covering  more  than  100  acres 
of  land.  Its  county  buildings  are  valued  at  $2,000,000  ;  its  public  buildings, 
so  specifically  classified,  $6,500,000 ;  and  its  school  buildings,  $7,996,000. 
Several  of  these  buildings  return  handsome  incomes  :  such  as,  for  instance, 
the  Ouincy  Market,  $cS3,892  per  annum ;  Faneuil-Hall  Market,  $22,764;  and 
the  Old  State  House,  $16,000.  The  State  and  National  buildings,  which 
are  grand  and  costly,  are  not,  of  course,  included  in  the  above  valuations. 

In  this  chapter  we  shall  give  some  practical  information,  concisely  put,  of 
some  of  these  buildings,  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  of  their  character,  uses, 
and  occupants. 

The  City  Hall,  fronting  on  School  Street,  is  the  most  elaborate  munici- 
pal structure  in  Boston.  It  is  a  very  handsome  and  imposing  building,  and 
is  well  adapted  to  the  uses  for  which  it  was  built.  The  style  of  architec- 
ture is  the  Italian  Renaissance,  modified  and  elaborated  by  the  taste  of  the 
French  architects  of  the  last  thirty  years.  The  building  cost  over  $500,- 
000,  including  the  furniture  and  plans  for  same.  The  faces  of  the  front 
and  west  sides  are  of  white  Concord  granite ;  those  of  the  Court-square  and 
City-hail  Avenue  facades  are  of  stone  from  the  old  City  Hall,  which  stood 
on  the  same  spot.  There  is  a  large  turfed  yard  in  front,  in  which  stands 
the  bronze  statue  of  Franklin  by  Richard  S.  Greenough.  And  shortly 
there  will  be  a  corresponding  statue  of  Josiah  Ouincy,  one  of  the  earliest 
and  most  energetic  mayors  of  Boston.  This  statue  is  by  Thomas  Ball,  and 
will  be  placed  in  its  position  in  1879. 


52 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


The  first,  second,  and  third  stories  and  the  basement  of  the  City  Hall 
are  fireproof.  The  floors  of  the  fourth,  fifth,  and  attic  stories  are  of  bur- 
netized  timber.  The  roof  is  of  wood,  covered  with  copper  and  slate.  The 
interior  finish  is  principally  of  butternut  and  pine.  The  main  entrance 
communicates  with  the  first-story  hall,  which  is  paved  with  squares  of  black 
and  white  marble.  Thence  the  fine,  broad  staircases  or  the  elevator  con- 
duct the  visitor  to  the  upper  stories.  The  staircases  are  of  iron,  with  face 
stringers,  newels,  rails,  and  balusters  of  oak.  In  the  wall  of  the  first  landing 
is  a  tablet  of  Sienna  and  white  marble  bearing  this  inscription :  — 


CORNER 


& 


J.   M.   WlGHTMAN, 

Mayor. 


0Q,1862, 


,c^oSEPr" 


tf> 


Dt^"  '"'/865, 

F.  W.  Lincoln,  Jr. 

Mayor. 
G.  J.  F.  Bryant  and  A.  Gilman,  Architects. 


In  the  basement  are  the  offices  of  the  lamp  department,  the  inspector 
of  buildings,  the  board  of  health,  the  city  physician,  and  the  superintend- 
ent of  health,  besides  some  police-cells.  On  the  first  story  are  the  offices 
of  the  city  treasurer,  city  collector,  auditor  of  accounts,  water-registrar, 
superintendent  of  police,  and  the  assessors.  On  the  second  story  is  the 
room  of  the  board  of  aldermen.  It  is  44  feet  square,  26  feet  high,  well 
lighted  and  tastefully  ornamented.  Near  by  is  a  lobby  with  cloak-rooms. 
On  the  same  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  mayor,  the  city  clerk,1  the  city 
messenger,  the  clerk  of  committees,  the  superintendent  of  public  build- 
ings, superintendent  of  public  lands,  the  city  registrar,  and  a  large  com- 
mittee-room. On  the  third  story  are  the  offices  of  the  superintendent  of 
streets,  the  superintendent  of  sewers,  the  board  of  fire-commissioners,  the 
chief  engineer  of  the  fire-department,  the  superintendent  of  printing,  the 
board  of  street-commissioners,  and  the  city  surveyor.  On  the  fourth  story 
is  the  common-council  chamber,  44  by  44  feet,  27  feet  high,  with  galleries  on 
three  sides,  and  seats  for  250  persons.  Adjacent  are  dressing  and  committee 
rooms ;  and  on  the  same  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  clerk  of  the  council,  the 


1  It  is  certainly  an  interesting  fact,  that  since  Boston  became  a  city  there  have  been  only  two  city 
clerks,  —  the  first,  S.  F.  McCleary,  sen.,  serving  for  30  consecutive  years;  and  the  second,  his  son,  S. 
F.  McCleary,  jun.,  serving  for  the  past  27  years. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


53 


~  ^m^,~._  ir^jMg&p  • 


^^  is^s,j  1i/L_ 


BOSTON    CITY    HALL,   SCHOOL   STREET. 


54  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

city  engineer,  and  the  water-board.  On  the  fifth  story  is  the  city  architect's 
department,  and  several  store-rooms  and  watchmen's  rooms.  The  attic, 
under  the  dome,  contains  the  operating-room  of  the  magnetic  fire-alarm 
telegraph,  whence  alarms  are  sent  out  over  the  wires  communicating  with 
all  the  public  bells  and  engine-houses.  Near  by  are  sleeping-rooms  and  a 
library  for  the  operators.  Above,  in  the  dome  itself,  is  the  battery-room, 
13  by  41  feet  in  dimensions.  The  dome  is  surmounted  by  a  balcony,  from 
which  rises  a  flag-staff  200  feet  from  the  ground.  Four  lions'  heads  look 
out  from  the  corners  of  the  balcony,  and  a  gilded  eagle  surmounts  the  centre 
of  its  front. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  mayor,  12  aldermen  chosen  from 
the  city  at  large,  and  72  common  councilmen  chosen  by  the  25  wards.  The 
executive  power  is  vested  in  the  mayor  and  aldermen.  The  term  of  office  of 
the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  councilmen  is  one  year;  and  the  election  occurs 
annually  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  second  Monday  of  December.  The 
departments  are  severally  designated,  the  assessors1,  financial,  health,  regis- 
trar's, water,  fire,  and  police  departments.  The  mayor  receives  a  salary  of 
$5,000  a  year ;  the  city  and  county  treasurer,  $5,000  ;  the  collector,  #4,000  ;  the 
auditor,  $5,000;  the  three  members  of  the  board  of  health,  #3,000  each  ;  the 
city  physician,  $2,700,  with  #r,ioo  for  his  assistant,  $900  for  the  port  phy- 
sician, and  $850  for  his  assistant;  the  superintendent  of  health,  $3,000  and 
horse  and  carriage;  the  city  registrar,  whose  main  duty  is  to  keep  the  record 
of  births,  marriages,  and  deaths,  and  grant  certificates  of  intention  of  mar- 
riage, $2,500;  the  three  water-commissioners,  $3,000  each  ;  the  city  engineer, 
$4,500;  the  resident  engineer  of  the  Sudbury-river  water-works,  $4,000,  with 
$2,800  for  the  water-registrar,  $3,000  for  the  superintendent  of  the  eastern 
division,  and  $2,700  for  the  superintendent  of  the  western ;  water-registrar 
Mystic  water-works,  $2,250,  superintendent,  $1,600,  and  engineer,  $1,200  ;  the 
three  fire-commissioners,  $3,000  each  ;  chief  engineer  of  the  fire-department, 
$3,000 ;  the  three  police-commissioners,  $3,000  each  ;  the  city  solicitor,  $6,000; 
and  the  three  registrars  of  voters,  $2,500  each.  There  are  many  minor  offi- 
cials having  positions  in  and  about  the  City  Hall,  in  the  various  city  institu- 
tions, and  in  care  of  city  property.  The  city  clerk  receives  $4,000  a  year, 
and  has  $11,600  a  year  for  assistant  clerks.  The  cost  of  administering  the 
affairs  of  the  city  has  grown  rapidly  within  the  past  quarter  of  a  century ; 
and  during  the  three  years  preceding  1878  earnest  efforts  have  been  made  to 
reduce  it.  The  total  actual  expenses  of  the  city  and  county  in  1877-78,  for 
the  year  ending  April  30,  were  $13,844,051.98,  against  $14,466,241.69  the 
previous  year. 

The  Directors  for  Public  Institutions  have  charge  of  the  House  of  Indus- 
try, the  House  of  Reformation,  the  alms-houses  situated  on  islands  in  the 
harbor,  the  House  of  Correction  and  the  Lunatic  Hospital  at  South  Boston, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  55 

the  Home  for  the  Poor  on  Austin  Farm,  West-Roxbury  district,  alms- 
house in  the  Charlestown  district,  and  Marcella-street  (Highlands)  Home 
for  pauper  and  neglected  boys.  The  superintendent  of  health  has  charge 
of  the  city  stables,  horses,  carts,  wagons,  etc.,  necessary  for  the  business  of 
keeping  the  city  streets  and  ways  clean,  collecting  house-offal,  etc.  The 
Central  Charity  Bureau  building  on  Chardon  and  Hawkins  Streets,  where 
the  principal  charitable  societies  have  headquarters,  and  the  Temporary 
Home  at  the  corner  of  Chardon  and  Bowker  Streets,  are  in  charge  of  the 
Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor.  There  are  twenty  public  bath-houses,  all 
well  equipped  and  supplied. 

The  Boston  fire-department  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  in  the  country; 
and  the  system  of  its  management  is  regarded  by  those  well  qualified  to 
judge  as  admirable  in  every  particular.  The  department  is  under  the  direct 
control  of  the  fire-commission,  consisting  of  three  members,  who  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  mayor  and  confirmed  by  the  city  council.  There  is  a  chief 
engineer,  ten  assistant-engineers,  two  call-engineers,  and  630  men  employed 
in  various  capacities.  The  apparatus  consists  of  29  steam  fire-engines,  and 
for  each  a  hose-carriage ;  1 1  independent  hose-carriages  and  companies ;  7 
chemical  engines  ;  1 1  hook-and-ladder  carriages,  four  of  which  carry  portable 
extinguishers;  and  one  fire-boat.  Belonging  to  the  department  are  137 
horses,  about  70,000  feet  of  hose,  and  1,000  feet  of  suction-hose.  The 
yearly  salaries  of  the  fire-department  are  about  #1,000  per  day.  There  was 
paid  out  in  1877-8,  on  account  of  the  whole  department,  $452,544.37,  besides 
$120,930  paid  the  water-department  for  water  and  maintenance  of  the  hy- 
drants. The  Boston  Protective  Department,  incorporated  in  1874,  is  under 
the  management  of  the  fire-underwriters.  It  had  previously  existed  as 
an  organization  supported  by  voluntary  contributions  :  now,  however,  the 
money  voted  for  its  support  can  be  collected  through  any  of  the  State 
courts.  Two  wagons  and  five  permanent  men  are  in  service  at  all  times  : 
and  call-men,  attached  to  each  of  the  hook-and-ladder  carriages  in  the 
suburbs,  are  under  pay  of  the  department.  The  right  of  way  and  authority 
to  enter  houses  endangered  by  fire  is  given  by  law.  The  prime  object  of 
the  department  is  to  save  property,  but  it  also  performs  meritorious  work 
in  saving  life.  The  president  of  the  organization  is  Henry  B.  White,  secre- 
tary of  the  Shoe  and  Leather  Insurance  Co. ;  and  the  treasurer  is  Charles 
E.  Guild.  Connected  with  this  department  there  is  a  superintendent ;  and 
a  fire-marshal,  also  empowered  to  make  investigations  into  causes  of  fires 
under  certain  conditions.  The  magnetic  fire-alarm  apparatus  cost  over 
$100,000.  Boston  was  the  first  city  to  adopt  the  system.  Indeed,  it  origi- 
nated here  with  Dr.  William  F.  Channing  of  this  city  and  Moses  G.  Far- 
mer of  Salem.  In  1845  Dr.  Channing,  in  a  lecture  before  the  Smithsonian 
Institute,  Washington,  suggested  the  employment    of    the    telegraph    as  a 


56  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

means  of  giving  alarms  of  fire.  In  1848  the  subject  was  brought  before 
the  Boston  city  government  by  the  mayor,  and  some  experiments  tried  ; 
in  1 85 1  $10,000  was  appropriated  to  test  the  system,  and  during  the  next 
year  it  was  brought  into  successful  operation.  It  has  now  in  working  order 
about  260  miles  of  wire,  266  signal-boxes  in  use,  53  striking-machines,  60 
large  gongs,  42  small  gongs,  60  tappers,  15  vibrators,  and  other  material. 
At  various  places  in  the  city  the  hour  of  noon  is  struck  by  the  fire-alarm 
telegraph,  correct  time  being  furnished  by  telegraph  from  the  observatory 
of  Harvard  University.  The  superintendent  of  fire-alarms  receives  $2,300  a 
year,  with  use  of  horse  and  carriage  ;  there  are  also  employed  4  operators 
and  3  repairers,  at  $3.75  a  day.  A  constant  watch  night  and  day  is  kept  by 
the  operators  at  the  chief  office,  in  the  dome  of  the  City  Hall.  The  water- 
front is  protected  by  a  steam  fire-boat,  constructed  of  iron,  supplied  with 
four  steam-pumps,  high-pressure  boiler,  and  an  80-horse-power  engine,  capa- 
ble of  playing  eight  streams  of  water  at  one  time.  A  self-sustaining  aerial 
ladder,  consisting  of  8  sections,  each  12  feet  long,  was  purchased  in  1876. 
These  sections  can  be  joined  and  the  ladder  raised  in  6  minutes. 

The  police-department,  since  1878,  is  under  the  control  of  three  commis- 
sioners, each  appointed  for  three  years  by  the  mayor,  with  the  approval  of 
the  city  council.  The  police-force,  and  the  salaries  paid,  are  as  follows : 
Superintendent  of  police,  $3,000  a  year;  deputy  superintendent,  $2,300  a 
year;  chief  inspector,  $4  a  day;  15  captains,  $4  a  day  each  ;  10  inspectors, 
$3.50  a  day  each  ;  30  lieutenants,  $3,50  a  day  each  ;  37  sergeants,  $3.25  a  day 
each;  and  611  patrolmen,  $3  a  day  each.  These,  and  the  officers  connected 
with  the  local  houses  of  detention  and  the  public  buildings,  make  the  whole 
police-force  comprise  715  men.  There  are  15  divisions  in  the  city,  each  hav- 
ing its  own  station-house.  The  16th  division  includes  the  harbor,  and  has 
charge  of  the  steamboat  "  Protector,"  with  its  men  and  rowboats.  The  cost 
of  the  police-department,  and  the  charges  made  against  it,  amounted,  in  the 
year  1877-78,  to  $827,865.  The  police-commissioners  are  Henry  S.  Russell, 
Samuel  R.  Spinney,  and  James  M.  Bugbee ;  and  the  superintendent  of 
police  is  Samuel  G.  Adams. 

The  system  for  supplying  the  city  with  water  is  elaborate,  and  the  water- 
works form  one  of  the  most  interesting  features.  One  of  the  advantages 
of  the  peninsula  which  attracted  the  early  settlers  was  its  abundance  of  pure 
water:  the  Indian  name,  Shawmut,  it  is  said  signifies  "Living  Fountains." 
But  early  in  its  history  the  wants  of  the  town  had  increased  beyond  its 
internal  resources.  As  early  as  1795  a  company  was  incorporated  to  intro- 
duce water  from  Jamaica  Pond.  In  1845  this  company  had  laid  about  15 
miles  of  pipe,  conveying  water  to  nearly  3,000  of  the  10,370  houses  the  city 
then  contained.  Pipes  were  at  first  of  pine  logs.  The  elevation  of  this 
pond,  however,  was  too  low  to  bring  the  water  into  the  higher  portions  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


57 


58  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  city ;  and  its  capacity  was  not  sufficient  for  the  portions  it  did  reach. 
For  many  years  the  subject  of  a  better  supply  had  been  agitated ;  and  at 
length,  in  the  year  1845,  Long  Pond,  or  Lake  Cochituate  as  it  was  afterwards 
called,  situated  in  the  towns  of  Framingham,  Natick,  and  Wayland,  about 
twenty  miles  west  from  the  city  proper,  was  selected.  In  August  of  the 
next  year  ground  was  formally  broken  for  the  new  works,  by  John  Ouincy 
Adams  and  Josiah  Ouincy,  jun. ;  and  in  1848  the  work  was  completed. 
But  the  growth  of  the  city  was  so  great,  that  in  less  than  twenty  years  the 
source  was  insufficient ;  and  the  waters  of  Sudbury  River  have  been  made 
tributary,  the  city  having  been  given  the  necessary  authority  in  1872.  The 
extreme  length  of  Lake  Cochituate,  in  a  direct  line,  is  three  and  a  half 
miles;  and  the  breadth  of  the  widest  part  is  about  1,800  feet,  with  a  water- 
surface  of  800  acres  at  high-water  mark.  In  addition  to  the  supply  in  the 
lake,  "  Dug  Pond  "  containing  44^  acres,  and  "  Dudley  Pond  "  containing 
81  acres,  are  connected  with  and  form  important  tributaries  to  it.  The 
whole  circuit  of  the  lake,  measuring  at  its  verge  when  within  two  feet  of 
high-water  mark,  is  about  16  miles  ;  and  the  city  owns  an  average  width  of  five 
rods  around  it  which  is  held  free  from  taxation,  also  one  and  a  quarter  acres 
at  the  outlet  of  Dudley  Pond ;  the  whole  line  of  the  water-works  extending 
from  Lake  Cochituate,  and  continuing  through  a  brick  aqueduct,  iron  pipes, 
and  stone  tunnel,  14^  miles,  to  a  reservoir  in  Brookline  of  about  23  acres 
of  water-surface,  and  119,583,960  gallons  capacity.  The  Brookline  reser- 
voir is  a  beautiful  structure  of  irregular,  elliptical  shape.  Another  receiv- 
ing reservoir — Chestnut  Hill  —  is  situated  in  the  Brighton  district,  a  very 
extensive  and  attractive  work.  Its  construction  was  begun  in  1865;  and 
the  city  became  possessed  of  21 2f  acres  of  land,  costing  about  $120,000, 
before  it  was  finished.  It  is  5^  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  and  one  mile  from 
the  Brookline  reservoir.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  double  reservoir,  divided  by  a 
water-tight  dam  into  two  basins  of  irregular  shape.  Their  capacity  is 
730,000,000  gallons,  and  their  water-surface  123^  acres.  A  magnificent 
driveway,  varying  from  60  to  80  feet  in  width,  surrounds  the  entire  work : 
in  some  parts  the  road  runs  quite  close  to  the  embankment,  separated  from 
it  by  only  a  smooth  gravelled  walk,  with  green  turf  on  either  side. 

The  high-service  pumping-works  are  situated  in  the  Roxbury  district. 
The  Parker-hill  reservoir,  on  Parker  Hill,  built  especially  for  the  high-service 
supply,  will  hold  7,200,000  gallons  above  a  plane  2^  feet  above  the  bottom  of 
the  outflow  pipe.  The  area  of  the  water-surface  when  at  high-water  mark  is 
64,033  square  feet,  and  its  elevation  219  feet  above  tide-marsh  level.  The 
Beacon-hill  reservoir,  originally  built  as  a  distributing  reservoir,  is  now, 
owing  to  the  connection  of  the  Beacon-hill  district  with  the  high-service 
works  on  Parker  Hill,  used  for  storage,  and  is  connected  with  the  distrib- 
uting-pipes only  in  case  of  fire,  or  accident  to  the  pumping-mains.      It  is 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  59 

situated  near  the  State  House,  between  Temple  and  Hancock  Streets, 
and  extends  from  Derne  Street  on  the  north  to  the  rear  of  Mt.  Vernon  Street 
on  the  south.  It  is  built  in  the  most  massive  style  of  stone  masonry,  and 
is  the  most  costly  distributing  reservoir  owned  by  the  city.  It  covers 
about  37,012  square  feet  of  land,  and  has  a  mean  horizontal  water-section  of 
28,014  square  feet,  and  a  capacity  of  2,678,961  gallons.  The  South-Boston 
reservoir,  on  the  east  side  of  Telegraph  Hill,  South  Boston,  covers,  with 
its  embankments,  an  area  of  about  126,000  square  feet.  It  resembles  in 
shape  the  segment  of  an  ellipse,  and  has  a  water-area,  when  at  high-water 
mark,  of  70,041  square  feet,  and  a  capacity  of  7,508,246  gallons.  This  reser- 
voir is  now  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Beacon-hill,  and  for  similar 
reasons.  The  East-Boston  reservoir,  on  Eagle  Hill,  East  Boston,  has  a 
water-area,  when  at  high-water  mark,  of  44,100  square  feet,  and  a  capacity 
of  5,591,816  gallons. 

The  supply  from  Lake  Cochituite  having  become  inadequate  to  the 
wants  of  the  city,  an  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  approved  April  8, 
1872,  authorizing  the  taking  of  the  water  of  Sudbury  River,  and  the  construc- 
tion of  suitable  reservoirs  and  aqueducts.  This  work  is  now  practically 
completed.  The  river  above  the  point  where  the  water  is  taken  has  a  water- 
shed of  about  JS  miles.  Three  dams  on  the  river  form  storage  basins, 
having  a  capacity  of  1,877,000,000  gallons.  From  the  lower  basin  a  brick 
conduit,  4,170  feet  long,  conveys  the  water  to  Farm  Pond  in  Framingham, 
whence  another  brick  conduit,  7  feet  8  inches  by  9  feet,  having  a  capacity  of 
70,000,000  gallons  per  day,  conveys  the  water  to  Chestnut-hill  reservoir,  — 
a  distance  of  about  16  miles.  The  main  pipes  leading  from  the  several  re- 
ceiving reservoirs  to  the  city,  and  the  distributing-pipes  laid  in  the  city 
proper,  East  and  South  Boston,  the  Highlands,  Dorchester,  West  Roxbury, 
and  Brighton  districts,  aggregate  in  length  335  miles,  varying  in  size  from 
three  inches  to  forty-eight  inches  in  diameter.  The  gross  expenditure  on 
account  of  the  Cochituate  and  Sudbury-river  water-works  to  the  city,  up  to 
the  30th  April,  1878,  was  $32,210,812.35;  and  the  net  cost,  less  the  revenue, 
is  $15,068,924.88.     The  cost  of  construction  alone  was  $15,437,576.25. 

Through  annexation  with  Charlestown,  the  city  became  possessed  of 
the  "  Mystic  Water-works."  Mystic  Lake,  which  is  the  source  of  supply, 
is  situated  in  the  towns  of  Medford,  Arlington,  and  Winchester,  6£  miles 
from  Charlestown  Square.  It  has  an  area  of  about  200  acres,  when  flowed 
to  the  level  authorized  by  the  act  to  take  water,  and  a  storage  capacity,  at 
that  level,  of  380,000,000  gallons  of  water.  The  area  of  country  forming 
the  drainage  basin  is  27.75  square  miles.  The  conduit  is  7,453  feet  long. 
The  reservoir  is  on  Walnut  Hill,  in  Medford,  near  Tufts  College.  Its 
water-surface  covers  an  area  of  4.^  acres  ;  being  nearly  a  parallelogram  in 
shape,  with  a  length  of  560  feet  and  a  width  of  350  feet.      It  is   25  feet  in 


60  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

depth,  the  top  line  of  bank  being  three  feet  above  high-water  mark.  At  this 
level  its  capacity  is  26,244,415  gallons.  The  top  water-line  is  147  feet  above 
high-water  level  of  the  harbor.  The  embankments  are  laid  out  with  a 
concrete  walk.  A  roadway  passes  around  three  sides  of  the  reservoir,  at 
the  foot  of  the  embankment ;  and  the  grounds  about  it  are  handsomely 
laid  out.  Besides  supplying  the  Charlestown  district,  the  cities  of  Somer- 
ville  and  Chelsea,  East  Boston,  and  the  town  of  Everett,  are  also  supplied 
from  the  Mystic  works.  The  whole  construction  account  of  the  works 
was  $1,460,000;  and,  in  making  up  the  account,  interest  on  all  the  money 
used  was  charged  by  the  city  of  Charlestown.  The  daily  consumption  of 
water  in  the  city  is  22,000,000  gallons  from  the  Cochituate  works,  and 
8,000,000  gallons  from  the  Mystic-river  works. 

The  United  States  Post-office  and  Sub-treasury  building,  when  com- 
pleted, will  be  by  far  the  most  imposing  public  edifice  in  New  England.  It 
will  occupy  the  square  bounded  by  Water,  Devonshire,  and  Milk  Streets,  and 
Post-office  Square,  fronting  on  the  latter.  Our  frontispiece  shows  the  Post- 
office-square  front  as  it  will  appear  when  completed.  The  portion  now 
finished,  and  which  has  been  occupied  since  the  early  part  of  1875,  's  ^ess 
than  half  the  entire  structure. 

Efforts  to  secure  a  proper  post-office  building  for  Boston  were  begun  as 
long  ago  as  President  Fillmore's  administration ;  but  they  were  not  success- 
ful until  1867,  when  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress,  appointing  a  commission 
to  select  a  site  for  a  post-office  building  in  Boston,  was  approved  by  the  pres- 
ident. A  year  later  a  site  was  accepted,  and  an  appropriation  made  for  the 
purchase  of  the  land  ;  and  another  year  later  ground  was  broken,  and  the 
work  begun.  The  celebration  of  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  was  not  until 
the  first  part  of  the  building  had  been  nearly  finished  to  the  top  of  the  street 
story.  This  was  on  the  16th  of  October,  1871.  A  distinguished  company 
was  present,  including  President  Grant  and  his  cabinet;  and  the  occasion 
was  observed  as  a  general  holiday.  There  was  a  great  military  and  masonic 
procession.  The  ceremony  of  laying  the  stone  was  performed  by  William 
Sewall  Gardner,  grand  master  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Massichusetts ;  an  ora- 
tion was  delivered  by  Postmaster-General  Creswell,  and  an  historical  address 
was  made  by  Nathaniel  B.  ShurtlefL  On  the  9th  of  November,  1S72,  the 
building  was  ready  for  the  roof,  when  the  Great  Fire  came.  By  this  it  was 
damaged  to  the  extent  of  $175,000,  the  loss  on  granite  alone  being  $98,000. 
Two  of  the  pavilions  on  the  Water  and  Milk  Street  sides  were  so  defaced 
and  chipped  by  the  intense  heat  that  it  was  necessary  to  replace  them ;  and 
the  marks  of  the  fire  are  yet  visible  on  plinths  on  both  these  sides. 

The  building  is  in  the  Renaissance  style  of  architecture,  and  of  Cape 
Ann  irranite.  The  Devonshire-street  front  is  200  feet  lon^.  The  exterior 
facades  on  the  three  streets  reach  an  average  height  above  the  sidewalks  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  61 

loo  feet,  the  central  portion  of  each  reaching  a  height  of  126  feet.  The 
street  story  of  28  feet,  formed  by  a  composition  of  pilasters  and  columns 
resting  on  heavy  plinths  at  the  sidewalk  level,  and  crowned  with  an  entabla- 
ture, carries  two  stories  above  it,  adorned  by  ornate  windows.  The  roof  is 
a  solid  and  ambitious  affair  of  iron,  slated,  upon  iron  girders,  and  presents 
circular  dormer  windows,  in  iron  frames.  The  Devonshire  facade  is  sub- 
divided into  five  compartments  by  a  central  projection,  flanked  by  two  cur- 
tains finishing  at  the  corners  of  Water  and  Milk  Streets  ;  and  the  central 
portion  is  ornamented  with  an  heraldic  figure,  an  eagle  with  outspread  wings, 
grasping  in  its  talons  a  shield. 

The  post-office  occupies  the  entire  ground  floor  and  the  basement. 
There  is  a  continuous  passage-way  across  the  rear,  or  east  side,  from  Milk 
to  Water  Street,  with  a  court-yard  for  the  convenient  delivery  and  receipt  of 
mails  from  the  postal  wagons.  The  basement  story  has  a  clear  height  of 
14  feet,  and  is  extended  beneath  the  sidewalk  of  all  three  of  the  thorough- 
fares surrounding  the  present  edifice.  The  central  portion  of  the  first  story, 
81  by  43  feet,  is  for  the  post-office  proper,  and  is  connected  with  the  rear 
court-yard,  and  lighted  from  it.  All  the  work  is  transacted  in  one  grand 
spacious  apartment,  directly  under  the  eye  of  the  various  superintendents. 
This  work-hall  is  30  feet  in  height,  and  216  by  82  feet  in  floor  area,  and  is  sur- 
rounded on  three  of  its  sides  by  a  public  corridor,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  post-office  screen,  which  contains  the  box  and  other  deliveries,  and 
registry.  Surmounting  the  screen,  and  covering  the  corridor,  is  a  mezzanine 
flooring,  or  gallery,  12  feet  wide,  opening  into  the  grand  work-hall.  This  is 
enclosed  by  a  metal  balcony  railing,  and  is  reached  from  the  floor  of  the  hall 
by  two  flights  of  stairs.  In  this  gallery  are  offices,  and  the  letter-carriers' 
department.  The  postmaster's  and  cashier's  rooms  are  in  the  second  story. 
The  apartments  of  the  sub-treasury  occupy  the  larger  portion  of  the  second 
story.  "  The  Marble  Cash-room  "  is  in  the  centre,  and  is  a  very  showy  hall, 
forming  a  parallelogram  of  about  80  feet  in  length,  40  in  width,  and  about 
60  in  height :  its  decoration  is  in  the  Grecian  style  which  characterizes  the 
entire  building.  The  tall  pilasters,  running  13  feet  high,  are  mounted  on 
solid  bases,  and  topped  with  elaborate  worked  capitals  all  of  Sicilian  marble, 
while  the  wall-slabbing  above  and  below  is  of  the  dark  and  light  shades  of 
Sienna.  The  cornices  resting  on  these  capitals  are  of  highly  enriched  frieze, 
with  a  double  row  of  brackets,  and  richly  ornamented.  A  gallery,  or  balcony, 
surrounds  the  four  sides  of  the  room,  accessible  from  the  staircase,  hall,  and 
corridor  of  the  third  story.  The  doors  and  window-sashes  are  of  solid 
mahogany.  Connected  with  the  cash-room  are  the  four  fire  and  burglar 
proof  safes.  There  are  also  on  this  floor  eight  apartments  for  the  sole  use 
of  the  sub-treasury.  In  other  portions  of  the  upper  stories  are  the  pension 
and  internal-revenue  offices.     In  the  basement  is  the  money-order  depart- 


62  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

merit.  The  tiled  halls  and  corridors  on  these  floors  are  broad  and  lofty, 
and  the  stairways  are  spacious  and  easy. 

The  completion  of  the  building  by  the  erection  of  the  second  section  has 
been  delayed  by  the  difficulties  encountered  in  gaining  possession  of  the 
land.  Congress  agreed  to  make  an  additional  appropriation  of  $750,000,  on 
condition  that  the  streets  surrounding  the  building  should  be  widened,  —  for 
which  the  fire  had  somewhat  paved  the  way,  —  both  to  improve  the  appear- 
ance of  the  building  and  to  give  additional  protection  against  fire.  This 
widening  was  strenuously  opposed  by  certain  property-owners.  The  neces- 
sary legislation,  however,  was  secured,  and  the  appropriation  made.  Then 
another  serious  obstacle  appeared.  The  owners  of  the  land  set  such  a  high 
price  upon  it  that  it  could  not  be  considered.  At  length  the  courts  were 
appealed  to ;  and  the  price  awarded,  though  considered  high,  was  accepted, 
and  the  work  of  building  the  second  portion  was  begun.  It  is  now  progress- 
ing rapidly.  When  completed,  the  post-office  work-room  will  be  extended, 
covering  the  basement  and  street  floor  of  the  entire  building,  the  court-yard 
being  covered  and  separating  the  two  wings;  the  postmaster's  room  will  be 
removed  to  the  street  floor  on  the  Post-office  Square  front;  and  the  money- 
order  department,  now  crowded  into  a  rather  dark  corner  on  the  Milk-street 
side,  will  have  well-lighted  and  spacious  quarters  on  the  corner  of  Post-office 
Square  and  Milk  Street.  The  United  States  court-rooms  and  offices  will  be 
on  the  second  floor  of  the  new  wing;  and  the  internal-revenue  department 
will  be  moved  from  the  present  wing  into  the  new. 

The  cost  of  the  entire  work,  when  the  extension  is  completed,  it  is  esti- 
mated will  be  between  four  and  five  millions.  Up  to  the.  fall  of  1878  about 
three  millions  had  been  expended.  The  cost  of  the  land  was  $865,000 :  the 
portion  for  the  extension  over  which  there  was  so  much  controversy,  settled 
finally  by  the  Supreme  Court,  cost  about  $411,000. 

The  present  is  the  first  post-office  building  in  the  city  owned  by  the 
government.  For  most  of  the  time  previous  to  the  Revolution  the  office 
was  in  that  part  of  Washington  Street  formerly  known  as  Cornhill,  between 
Water  Street  and  the  present  Cornhill.  During  the  siege  of  Boston  the 
post-office  was  removed  to  Cambridge.  After  the  evacuation  by  the  British, 
the  office  was  returned  to  the  east  side  of  Washington  Street,  near  State. 
Later  it  was  removed  to  State  Street,  in  a  building  originally  the  site  of  the 
first  meeting-house  erected  in  Boston.  It  was  moved  several  times  during 
the  next  thirty  years,  tarrying  for  a  while  in  the  Old  State  House,  and 
bringing  up  finally  in  the  Merchants'  Exchange  building  on  State  Street, 
where  it  was  burnt  out  in  the  Great  Fire,  though  all  the  valuable  matter  was 
safely  removed.  A  resting-place  was  found  in  Faneuil  Hall ;  and  a  few 
weeks  afterwards  the  Old  South  Church  was  re-arranged,  and  here  the  post- 
office  remained  until  the  completion  of  the  present  building. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  63 

During  the  Revolution,  Tuthill  Hubbard  was  postmaster  of  Boston,  under 
Benjamin  Franklin  and  John  Foxcroft,  who  were  the  last  deputy  postmasters 
for  North  America  under  foreign  appointment.  Hubbard  was  succeeded  by 
Jonathan  Hastings,  who  remained  in  office  until  1809.  Other  postmasters 
were.  Aaron  Hill,  appointed  in  1809;  Nathaniel  Greene,  1829;  William 
Hayden,  1849;  George  W.  Gordon,  1852;  Edwin  C.  Bailey,  1854;  Nahum 
Capen,  1858;  John  G.  Palfrey,  1861  ;  William  L.  Burt,  1867;  and  Edward  S. 
Tobey,  1876,  who  is  the  present  incumbent.  The  following  statistics  for 
nine  months,  from  January  to  October  inclusive,  of  1878,  show  the  enormous 
business  conducted  at  the  post-office.  The  delivery  consisted  of  7,432,781 
mail-letters,  1,602,621  mail-postal-cards,  3,343495  local  letters,  1,625,080  local 
postal-cards,  3,918,335  newspapers,  and  35,445  returned  letters.  The  col- 
lections amounted  to  10,626,402  letters,  2,896,892  postal-cards,  and  1,378,773 
newspapers. 

The  United  States  Court  House,  corner  of  Tremont  Street  and  Temple 
Place,  looks  more  like  a  church  than  a  court-house.  It  was,  in  fact,  built  for 
a  Masonic  Temple  in  1832.  The  walls  are  of  Ouincy  granite,  and  there  are 
two  towers  16  feet  square  and  95  feet  high,  surmounted  by  battlements  and 
pinnacles.  There  are  five  stories,  and  the  rooms  are  lighted  by  long  arched 
windows.  A  view  of  this  building  is  shown  in  connection  with  St.  Paul's 
Church,  in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Soul  of  the  City." 

The  United  States  Navy  Yard,  in  the  Bunker-hill  district,  is  on  the  point 
of  land  formerly  known  as  Morton's  Point,  at  the  junction  of  the  Charles 
and  Mystic  Rivers.  It  comprises  over  eighty  acres  of  land,  and  is  enclosed 
on  the  land  side  by  a  high  stone  wall.  On  the  water-front  are  several 
wharves  and  a  substantial  sea-wall.  The  granite  dry-dock,  341  feet  long, 
80  feet  wide,  and  30  feet  deep,  which  was  opened  in  1833,  and  cost  over 
$677,000,  is  worthy. of  notice.  The  first  vessel  docked  here  was  the  old 
frigate  "  Constitution."  There  is  a  quaint  museum  called  the  "  Naval  Li- 
brary and  Institute,"  a  granite  rope-walk  1,361  feet  long,  machine-shops 
capable  of  giving  employment  to  about  2,000  men,  buildings  for  the  storage 
of  timber  and  naval  stores,  ship-houses,  marine  barracks,  a  magazine  and 
arsenal,  a  parade-ground,  parks  for  cannon  and  shot,  and  dwelling-houses  for 
the  commandant  and  various  officers  of  the  yard.  Passes  are  issued  to 
visitors  on  application  at  the  gate.  The  yard  was  established  by  the  gov- 
ernment in  1800,  when  the  land  cost  only  $40,000.  Several  large  vessels  of 
the  old  navy  were  built  here,  including  the  "Vermont,"  "Virginia,"  "  Inde- 
pendence," and  "  Cumberland." 

The  Boston  State  House,  "the  hub  of  the  solar  system  "  according  to  Dr. 
Holmes,  stands  on  the  summit  of  Beacon  Hill,  the  most  commanding  situation 
in  the  city,  on  a  lot  which  was  formerly  Gov.  Hancock's  cow-pasture,  bounded 
now  by  Beacon  Street  on  the  south,  Mount  Vernon  Street  on  the  east  and 


64 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


north,  and  Hancock  Avenue  on  the  west.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  in  1795, 
and  the  oration  was  delivered  by  Gov.  Samuel  Adams.  The  customary 
Masonic  ceremonies  were  conducted  by  Paul  Revere,  grand  master.  The  ori- 
ginal cost  of  the  building  was  over  $133,000,  but  several  expensive  additions 
and  improvements  have  since  been  made.  The  south  side  was  added  in  1852  ; 
and  the  dome  was  gilded  in  1874,  producing  a  fine  effect.     The  building  was 


The  State   House,   Beacon  Street. 


first  occupied  by  the  "  Great  and  General  Court"  in  1798,  when  the  Old  State 
House  was  abandoned.  The  building  is  oblong,  measuring  173  by  61  feet. 
Its  height,  including  the  dome,  is  no  feet,  and  the  lantern  is  about  220  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Bronze  statues  of  Horace  Mann  by  Emma  Stebbins, 
and  of  Daniel  Webster  by  Hiram  Powers,  and  two  fountains,  ornament 
the  turfed  terrace  in  front  of  the  building.     The  main  entrance  is  reached  by 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  65 

a  succession  of  stone  terraces  from  Beacon  Street,  and  leads  into  the  Doric 
Hall.  This  hall  contains  the  remnants  of  the  flags  carried  by  Massachusetts 
soldiers  in  the  civil  war.  Here  also  are  exhibited  copies  of  the  memorial 
tablets  of  the  Washington  family  in  England,  given  to  the  State  by  Charles 
Sumner;  tablets  taken  from  the  old  Revolutionary  monument  that  stood  on 
Beacon  Hill  before  the  State  House  was  built;  and  guns  that  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Concord  minute-men,  recalling  the  days  of  1775.  Thomas 
Ball's  marble  statue  of  Gov.  John  A.  Andrew  is  considered  a  work  of 
great  artistic  merit ;  and  Chantrey's  statue  of  Washington,  wrapped  in  a 
military  cloak,  should  be  noticed.  In  Doric  Hall  are  also  busts  of  Samuel 
Adams,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Charles  Sumner,  and  Henry  Wilson.  The  Hall 
of  Representatives,  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  is  the  largest  room  in  the 
State  House,  and  accommodates  500  members.  Visitors  are  admitted  to 
the  gallery  during  the  sessions.  The  ancient  codfish  still  hangs  from  the 
centre  of  the  ceiling,  an  emblem  of  the  bygone  importance  of  the  cod  to 
the  State,  "which  has  been,"  says  Drake,  "a  greater  source  of  wealth  than 
the  mines  of  California."  The  same  fish  hung  in  the  old  hall  in  State  Street, 
but  was  taken  down,  and  not  restored  till  after  the  peace,  when  it  was  again 
and  has  ever  since  been  displayed  before  the  assembled  wisdom  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. The  Senate  Chamber  is  at  the  east  end  of  the  building,  and 
is  60  by  50  feet.  It  contains  some  portraits  of  dignitaries  and  a  few  relics. 
At  the  west  end  of  the  building  is  a  large  room  for  the  meetings  of  the 
governor  and  council,  and  the  offices  of  the  governor  and  other  State 
officers.  On  the  north  side,  in  the  fireproof  addition,  is  the  State  library. 
88  by  37  feet  in  dimensions,  36}  feet  high,  with  galleries  and  alcoves,  and  con- 
taining over  40,000  volumes.  This  portion  of  the  capital  also  contains  various 
committee  rooms ;  and  the  fireproof  rooms  in  the  basement  are  devoted  to 
the  preservation  of  State  archives.  There  is  a  very  complete  agricultural 
library;  and  the  State  cabinet  contains  some  valuable  specimens  of  rocks, 
minerals,  and  fossils,  birds,  animals,  insects,  and  shells.  For  the  sake  of 
the  view,  which  is  very  extensive,  and  gives  a  good  general  idea  of  the 
topography  of  the  city,  visitors  to  the  number  of  about  50,000  per  annum 
climb  the  170  steps  leading  to  the  cupola  that  surmounts  the  gilded  dome, 
which  rises  30  feet  from  its  pediment,  and  is  50  feet  in  diameter.  The 
cupola  is  free  to  visitors  when  the  legislature  is  not  in  session ;  and  below 
there  is  a  register  wherein  strangers  should  enter  their  names. 

The  Old  State  House,  at  the  head  of  State  Street,  although  standing, 
has  been  altered  so  much  that  only  an  indication  of  the  original  appearance 
is  left.  Like  the  Old  South  Church,  and  the  half-dozen  other  old  historic 
landmarks,  it  is  threatened  by  the  march  of  business. 

Few  Bostonians  know  how  many  stirring  associations  are  connected  with 
this  ancient  edifice,  which  was  built  in  1748  to  replace  its  burned  predeces- 


6 j  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

sor.  The  site  was  that  of  the  earliest  market-place  of  the  town.  The  first 
wooden  Town  House  was  built  here  in  1657,  burned  in  171 1,  rebuilt  a  year 
later,  and  again  burned  in  1747.  It  was  after  the  Revolution  that  the  present 
building  became  the  quarters  of  the  General  Court  of  the  Commonwealth, 
as  well  as  of  the  town  officials.  After  the  town  became  a  city,  the  Old  State 
House  became  also  the  City  Hall.  It  was  damaged  by  fire  in  1832.  In 
1798  the  legislature  moved  to  the  New  State  House  on  Beacon  Hill.  It 
has  not  only  been  the  Town  House,  City  Hall,  and  State  House,  but  also 
the  quarters  of  the  courts  and  the  legislature  of  the  Colony  and  of  the  Pro- 
vincial council.  It  was  in  1768  a  barrack  for  British  troops,  in  1838  the 
United  States  Post-office,  and  for  many  years  the  Merchants'  Exchange. 
The  convention  that  ratified  the  United  States  Constitution  met  here  before 
adjourning  to  the  Federal-street  Church.  The  Boston  Massacre  occurred 
in  front  of  its  doors.  In  the  Old  State  House,  according  to  Samuel  Adams, 
"Independence  was  born."  The  news  of  the  death  of  George  II.  and  the 
accession  of  George  III.,  and  in  1776  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
were  read  from  the  balcony.  During  the  stamp-act  excitement  the  mob 
burned  stamped  clearances  in  front  of  the  building.  Gens.  Howe,  Clinton, 
and  Gage  held  a  council  of  war  in  the  building  before  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  In  1778  the  Count  d'Estaing  was  here  received  by  Gov.  Hancock; 
here  the  constitution  of  the  State  was  planned;  from  the  balcony,  in  1789, 
Washington  received  an  ovation  from  the  people,  and  reviewed  a  long  pro- 
cession. The  steeple,  or  tower,  wras  formerly  higher  than  it  is  at  present ; 
and  where  the  clock  now  is,  on  the  east  front,  was  once  a  sun-dial.  At  each 
end  of  the  edifice  were  carved  figures  of  the  lion  and  the  unicorn.  In  the 
17th  century  the  whipping-post  and  the  stocks  were  near  by.  For  many 
years  the  building  has  been  used  for  business  purposes,  and  now  contains 
the  offices  of  many  firms  :  among  those  on  the  easterly  front  are  the  offices 
of  the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Co.  of  Springfield,  Mass.; 
the  Meriden  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  Meriden,  Conn.;  and  the  Security  In- 
surance Co.  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  The  Springfield,  which  has  had  its 
branch  office  in  the  Old  State  House  for  the  past  27  years,  has  suffered 
severely  by  the  great  conflagrations  at  Troy,  Portland,  Me.,  Chicago, 
and  Boston.  Its  losses  have  always  been  promptly  paid,  and  to-day 
its  gross  assets  exceed  in  amount  those  of  any  other  company  chartered 
by  our  own  Commonwealth.  The  Meriden  in  1878  added  $100,000  to  its 
capital.  The  Security,  since  its  incorporation  in  1841,  has  been  a  successful 
company.  Reed  &  Brother  are  the  only  representatives  that  these  com- 
panies have  had  in  this  city.  On  the  same  front  is  the  office  of  the  Conti- 
nental Insurance  Co.  of  New  York,  one  of  the  strongest  fire-insurance  com- 
panies in  the  United  States.  Incorporated  in  1852  with  a  cash  capital  of 
$500,000,  it  has  prospered  until  to-day  its  gross  assets  are  over  $3,000,000. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


67 


■J  Si 


63 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


The  Continental  paid  for  losses  $500,000  in  the  Boston  fire,  and  $1,750,000 
in  the  Chicago  fire.  This  company  was  the  first  to  submit  to  the  provisions 
of  the  New-York  Surplus  Law,  and  now  applies  all  its  profits  to  increase  its 
surplus.  In  the  same  office  with  the  Continental  is  the  Howard  Insurance 
Co.  of  New  York,  organized  in  1825.  Both  companies  are  managed  in  this 
city  by  Albert  Bowker,  the  President  of  the  North-American  Insurance  Co. 
of  Boston.  These  three  companies,  with  aggregate  assets  exceeding 
$4,000,000,  have  had  a  local  patronage  of  the  choicest  and  most  profitable 
kind,  extending  over  a  period  of  from  a  quarter  to  a  half  century  each. 
The  office  of  Mr.  Bowker  has  been  in  the  Old  State  House  for  the  past  28 
years.  On  the  Washington-street  front  is  the  office  of  the  Fall-River  line, 
the  proprietors  of  the  "Bristol"  and  "Providence,"  —  the  finest  side-wheel 
steamers  afloat. 

The  Custom  House,  at  the  corner  of  State  and  India  Streets,  is  a  huge 
granite  building  in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  in  the  Doric  style  of  architec- 
ture, which  was  begun  in  1837  and  finished  in  1S49.     It  is  140  feet  long,  ys 
_  feet  wide  at  the  ends,  and 

95  feet  through  the  centre, 
and  rests  upon  3,000  piles, 
over  which  a  platform  of 
granite  18  inches  thick  is 
laid  in  hydraulic  cement. 
The  structure  cost  the 
United  States  government 
over  $i,ooo,oco.  A  flat 
dome,  with  a  skylight  25 
feet  in  diameter,  surmounts 
the  building,  and  is  95  feet 
from  the  floor.  32  fluted 
granite  columns,  weighing 
42  tons  each,  surround  the 
edifice.  The  roof  and  dome  are  covered  with  wrought  granite  tiles.  The 
main  floor  is  occupied  by  the  offices  of  the  collector  and  the  deputy-collector, 
the  naval  officer,  the  surveyor,  the  public  storekeeper,  and  various  clerks 
and  deputies.  There  is  a  large  rotunda,  63  by  59  feet  in  dimensions,  and 
62  feet  high,  in  the  Grecian  Corinthian  style.  The  ceiling  is  supported  by 
12  marble  columns,  3  feet  in  diameter  and  29  feet  high.  On  the  entrance- 
floor  are  the  quarters  of  the  assistant-treasurer,  the  weighers,  gaugers,  and 
other  functionaries.  There  is  a  large  hall  in  the  centre  of  this  floor  also. 
The  cellar  is  used  for  the  storage  of  goods.     The  building  is  fireproof 


The  Custom   House,    State  Street. 


throughout 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  69 

The  Court  House,  fronting  on  Court  Street,  stands  by  itself;  the  ave- 
nues along  its  sides,  and  in  the  rear,  being  known  as  Court  Square.  It  is  a 
solid,  gloomy-looking,  granite  building.  It  was  erected  in  1833,  and  cost 
about  $200,000.  It  is  176  by  54  feet,  and  has  three  stories  and  a  basement. 
The  Court-street  front  has  a  Doric  portico,  supported  by  four  columns  of 
fluted  granite  weighing  25  tons  each.  The  various  county  and  city  courts 
are  held  here,  such  as  the  supreme  judicial  court,  the  superior  court,  the 
court  for  juvenile  offenders,  and  the  municipal  court.  On  the  second  floor 
is  the  Social  Law  Library,  referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  libraries.  In  the 
basement  is  the  city  prison  for  the  temporary  accommodation  of  prisoners. 
For  several  years  the  expediency  of  building  a  new  court-house  has  been 
urged,  and  in  the  autumn  of  1878  steps  were  taken  by  the  city  government 
towards  accomplishing  the  desired  end. 

The  Charles-street  Jail,  near  the  foot  of  Cambridge  Street,  presents 
an  imposing  appearance,  especially  to  one  approaching  the  city  by  the  Cam- 
bridge, or  West-Boston  Bridge.  It  consists  of  a  centre  octagonal  build- 
ing, with  four  wings  radiating  from  the  centre.  Three  of  these  wings 
enclose  the  cells  of  the  prison,  and  the  other  is  occupied  as  the  sheriff's  resi- 
dence and  offices.  The  exterior  is  of  Ouincy  granite.  The  jail  is  in  charge 
of  Sheriff  John  M.  Clark. 

The  Probate  Office  was  ill  a  plain  brick  building,  now  occupied  by  the 
probate  court,  on  the  west  side  of  Court  Square,  close  to  the  City  Hall.  In 
1872  the  quarters  were  removed  to  the  lower  floor  of  the  new  fireproof 
building  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  thus  giving  them  an  en- 
trance at  32  Tremont  Street.  The  probate  office  was  established  in  1636. 
The  first  year  there  were  2  cases,  and  the  second  year  5.  There  were  69 
in  the  year  1700,  and  166  in  the  year  1800.  There  are  now  about  1,500  new 
cases  a  year;  and  since  the  establishment  of  the  office  there  have  been 
62,200  cases.  It  is  estimated  that  the  entire  wealth  of  Boston  passes 
through  the  office  about  once  in  forty  years.  Since  Sept.  1,  1878,  the  busi- 
ness of  the  insolvency  court  has  been  done  in  connection  with  the  probate 
court,  the  repeal  of  the  United  States  bankruptcy  laws  reviving  the  old 
insolvency  laws  of  the  State.  The  judge  of  probate  and  insolvency  is  John 
W.  McKim,  who  was  appointed  in  March,  1877.  The  register  of  probate 
and  insolvency  is  Elijah  George,  who  has  held  the  office  since  April  3,  1877. 
The  assistant  register  is  John  H.  Paine  ;  and  the  clerk  of  register  James  L. 
Crombie.  The  judge  of  probate  and  insolvency  is  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor. The  register  of  probate  and  insolvency  is  elected  by  the  people  to 
serve  for  five  years. 

The  Registry  of  Deeds  for  Suffolk  County  is  on  the  floor  above  the 
probate  court  and  probate  office.  The  whole  number  of  instruments  re- 
corded in  the  year  ending  Oct.  1,  1878,  was  19,371.     Of  these,  12,618  were 


70  KING'S    HA  AW  BOOK  OF   BOSTON. 

deeds,  and  6,753  related  to  various  other  matters  connected  with  real  estate. 
The  total  number  of  pages  occupied  by  these  documents  was  56,396.  The 
register  of  deeds  is  Thomas  F.  Temple. 

The  Correctional  Institutions  are  conspicuous  objects  on  Deer  and 
Rainsford  Islands,  in  the  harbor.  The  House  of  Industry  is  a  large  brick 
building,  well  arranged  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  built.  The  House 
of  Reformation  for  Girls,  near  by,  is  of  wood ;  and  there  is  also,  in  the 
group,  a  brick  schoolhouse  for  truant  boys,  a  brick  workshop  and  receiving- 
house,  and  other  buildings.  The  pauper  institutions  —  different  buildings 
for  males,  women,  and  girls  —  are  also  on  these  islands.  The  House  of 
Correction  at  South  Boston  is  an  elaborate  building,  thoroughly  equipped, 
and  has  a  steam-engine  of  twenty-horse  power  in  its  workshop ;  and  adjoin- 
ing the  House  of  Correction  is  a  Lunatic  Hospital.  For  the  year  ending 
April  30,  1878,  the  cost  to  the  city  of  the  House  of  Industry  was  $  177,527, 
and  its  income  $9,548:  cost  of  the  House  of  Correction,  $89  942,  and  in- 
come $26,212;  and  cost  of  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  $51,937,  and  income  $6,356. 

The  forts  in  the  harbor,  the  property  of  the  United  States  government, 
are  three  in  number  :  — 

Fort  Warren  is  the  lowest  fort  in  the  harbor,  situated  at  its  entrance, 
on  George's  Island.  It  has  been  built  since  1850.  Its  stone  work  is  of 
granite,  and  it  has  a  comely  and  substantial  appearance.  During  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  it  was  especially  used  for  the  confinement  of  Confederate 
prisoners.  Among  the  most  distinguished  of  the  latter  were  Mason  and 
Slidell,  the  Confederate  commissioners  to  England,  captured  on  board  "  The 
Trent "  by  Commodore  Wilkes. 

Fort  Independence  is  on  Castle  Island,  nearer  the  city,  almost  opposite 
South-Boston  Point.  This  island  has  been  fortified  since  1634.  Castle 
William,  which  stood  here  when  the  Revolution  broke  out,  was  fired  by  the 
retiring  British,  on  the  evacuation  of  Boston,  and  entirely  destroyed.  The 
name  Fort  Independence  was  given  to  the  fortifications  here  in  1798. 

Fort  Winthrop  is  on  Governor's  Island,  opposite  Fort  Independence. 
It  is  but  partly  built,  work  having  been  suspended  while  Jefferson  Davis 
was  secretary  of  war,  before  the  breaking-out  of  the  Rebellion.  It  was 
intended  to  be  the  strongest  fortification  in  the  harbor.  The  island  was  sold 
to  the  government  in  1808,  to  be  fortified;  and  the  first  fortification  here 
was  called  Fort  Warren. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  71 


Wfje  ILungs  of  tlje  Citg. 

BOSTON   COMMON,    PUBLIC    GARDEN,    PARKS,    SQUARES,    MONU- 
MENTS,   STATUES,    AND   FOUNTAINS. 

THE  need  of  a  grand  public  park,  or  series  of  parks,  of  generous  propor- 
tions and  on  an  elaborate  scale,  has  long  been  felt;  and  the  question  of 
establishing  such  parks  has  been  agitated  for  several  years.  In  1869  the 
subject  was  brought  formally  before  the  city  government,  but  no  action 
reached.  Feb.  17,  1874,  a  commission,  consisting  of  the  mayor,  two  alder-, 
men,  three  councilmen,  and  three  citizens  at  large,  was  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  question  ;  and  on  the  25th  of  November  they  reported  in  favor 
of  laying  out  a  park  in  some  part  of  the  territory  between  Arlington  Street 
and  Parker's  Hill,  in  the  Roxbury  district,  and  also  of  a  series  of  parks 
of  moderate  size  between  the  third  and  fourth  mile  circles  of  the  city.  On 
this  report  no  action  was  taken  by  the  city  council,  owing  to  the  lateness 
of  the  season.  The  next  year  an  act  wis  obtained  from  the  Legislature, 
granting  the  city  leave  to  purchase  land  for  a  park  or  parks.  This  act  was 
accepted  by  the  people ;  and  three  commissioners  were  appointed  to  locate, 
under  certain  conditions,  one  or  more  parks.  This  commission  simply 
recommended  a  series  of  parks  in  different  sections  of  the  city,  to  be  con- 
nected by  a  park  road.  Owing  to  the  depression  in  business,  nothing 
further  was  done  in  the  matter  until  1877,  when  the  city  council  authorized 
the  park  commissioners,  under  whose  charge  all  the  city  parks  and  public 
grounds  will  probably  be  placed,  to  purchase  not  less  than  one  hundred 
acres  of  land  or  flats  in  the  Back-bay  district,  at  a  cost  of  not  over  ten  cents 
a  foot,  for  the  establishment  of  a  public  park.  At  the  same  time  a  loan  of 
5450,000  was  authorized  to  meet  the  purchases.  In  February,  1878,  the 
commissioners  were  authorized  to  make  further  expenditures  for  the  same 
park;  $16,000  more  being  appropriated  for  land,  and  $25,000  for  filling, 
grading,  surveying,  and  laying  out.  The  park  will  be  bounded  on  all  sides 
by  public  avenues,  and  will  occupy  a  portion  of  the  area  between  Beacon 
Street,  Brookline  Avenue,  Longwood  Avenue,  and  Parker  Street,  with 
entrances  from  each.  The  beginning  of  this  park  is  regarded  as  a  long 
stride  towards  the  much-desired  series  of  magnificent  parks,  which  will  add 
greatly  to  the  beauty,  health,  and  enjoyment  of  an  already  beautiful  and 
healthful  metropolis.  The  next  move,  it  is  expected,  will  be  the  improve- 
ment of  the  strip  of  flats  known   as  the  Charles-river  embankment,  begin- 


TA- 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


ning  from  Leverett  Street,  and  extending  along  the  border  of  Charles 
River  to  Cottage-Farm  Station,  a  distance  of  nearly  2^  miles,  with  an 
average  width  of  200  feet.  Mayor  Pierce,  in  his  inaugural  address  in  1878, 
advocated  immediate  action  towards  the  laying-out  of  this  embankment. 

The  Boston  Common,  of  which  the  people  of  Boston  are  justly  proud, 
is  a  natural  park,  whose  undulating  surface,  covered  with  green  grass  and 
shaded  by  over  1,000  fine  old  elm-trees,  forms  a  scene  of  rare  rural  beauty 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  busy  city.  There  is  scarcely  a  foot  of  the  forty- 
eight  acres  in  its  area  that  is  not  endeared  to  the  Bostonian  by  some  per- 
sonal or  historic  association.  1  here  are  five  malls,  or  broad  walks,  bordered 
with  noble  trees;  and  these  are  known  as  the  Tremont-street,  Park-street, 
Beacon-street,  Charles-street,  and  Boylston-street  malls.  The  Beacon-street 
mall  is  the  most  beautiful.  The  entire  Common  is  surrounded  by  an  iron 
fence,  5,932  feet  in  length.  On  the  Tremont-street  side  there  is  a  low  iron 
fence,  with  numerous    entrances.     The    objects  of   special    interest  in  the 

Common  are  nu- 
merous. On  Flag- 
staff  Hill  is  the 
great  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Monument, 
described  in  this 
chapter.  Near  the 
Park-street  mall  is 
the  Brewer  Foun- 
tain, which  was  pre- 
sented to  the  city 
by  the  late  Gardner 
Brewer.  It  was 
cast  in  Paris,  and 
is  a  bronze  copy 
of  a  fountain  de- 
signed by  Lienard 
of  that  city.  At 
the  base  there  are 
figures  represent- 
ing Neptune  and 
Amphitrite,  Acis 
and  Galatea.  The 
Frog  Pond,  a  picturesque  sheet  of  water  near  Flag-staff  Hill,  adds  much 
to  the  beauty  of  the  Common.  On  special  occasions  a  fine  jet  of  water 
is  made  to  play  near  the  east  end  of  the  pond.  Near  the  Boylston- 
street  mall  is   a  deer-park,  enclosed  by  a  high  wire  grating,  where  a  con- 


The   Frog    Pond,    Boston   Common. 


larper'a  Weekly.' 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


73 


74  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

tented  family  of  deer  can  be  seen  grazing.  The  Central  burying-ground, 
referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  cemeteries,  adjoins  the  deer-park.  The 
portion  of  the  Common  between  Flag-staff  Hill  and  the  Charles-street  mall 
is  used  as  a  parade-ground  by  the  State  militia.  It  was  formerly  used  as 
a  play-ground  for  the  boys.  Near  the  "long  walk"  from  Joy  Street  to 
Boylston  Street  there  is  a  band-stand,  where  on  summer  evenings  free 
open-air  concerts  are  given  at  the  city's  expense.  There  are  over  200 
benches  and  several  drinking-fountains  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds. 
During  the  warm  weather  the  children  find  much  delight  in  the  Punch-and- 
Judy  show,  the  camera  obscura,  etc.,  on  the  Tremont-street  mall,  near  the 
West-street  gate.  The  Old  Elm  which  stood  near  the  "long  walk,"  at  the 
foot  of  Flag-staff  Hill,  was  in  its  day  considered  the  "  oldest  inhabitant " 
of  Boston.  It  was  a  tree  of  unknown  age,  and  was  believed  to  have  stood 
there  before  the  settlement  of  the  town  in  1630.  It  was  already  decrepit 
as  long  ago  as  1755.  It  was  over  72  feet  high,  and  measured  22^  feet  in 
circumference  one  foot  above  the  ground.  After  resisting  many  a  storm, 
it  was  blown  down  in  the  winter  of  1876.  An  iron  fence  surrounds  the  spot 
where  it  stood,  and  where  now  a  shoot  bids  fair  to  flourish  in  its  place, 
and  thus  perpetuate  the  line  of  family  descent.  The  history  of  Boston 
Common  is  full  of  interest.  When  the  city  charter  was  drawn  up,  a  clause 
was  inserted  making  the  Common  public  property  forever,  and  placing  it 
beyond  the  power  of  the  city  either  to  sell  or  give  away.  The  original 
use  to  which  the  land  was  put  was  for  a  pasture  of  cattle,  and  for  a 
parade-ground  of  the  military.  It  was  called  Centry  Field,  and  in  1640 
embraced  the  land  east  of  Park  Street  as  far  as  the  Tremont  House,  and 
was  bounded  by  the  water  of  the  Charles  River,  where  Charles  Street 
now  is,  on  the  west.  On  the  Tremont-street  side  it  extended  to  where 
Mason  Street  now  is.  Before  the  Revolution  it  was  enclosed  by  a  wooden 
fence.  Drake,  in  his  entertaining  "  Landmarks  of  Boston,"  recalls  the 
fact  that  a  part  of  the  forces  that  captured  Louisburg  assembled  on  the 
Common ;  the  troops  that  conquered  Quebec  were  recruited  here  by  Am- 
herst;  it  was  the  mustering-place  for  the  conflicts  which  ushered  in  the 
American  Revolution,  and  the  fortified  camp  which  held  the  beleaguered 
town  in  subjection.  It  is  associated  with  the  deep  horrors  of  the  witch- 
craft executions,  and  with  the  eloquence  of  Whitefield.  From  the  foot  of 
the  Common  the  British  troops  embarked  for  Lexington  the  night  before 
April  19,  1775.  On  the  Common  were  arrayed  the  British  forces  engaged  at 
Bunker  Hill  before  they  crossed  the  river.  In  the  dreary  winter  of  1775-76 
there  were  over  1,700  red-coats  behind  their  earthworks  on  the  Common, 
waiting  for  Washington  to  attack  the  town.  On  Flair-staff  Hill  was  a 
square  redoubt;  near  the  Frog-pond  was  a  powder-house.  Trenches  were 
made  all   along  the  water-front,   where    on    sunny  afternoons    the    pensive 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  75 

tramp  now  slumbers  on  the  benches  of  the  Charles-street  mall.  Other 
reminiscences  of  past  events  with  which  the  Common  is  associated  will 
readily  occur  to  the  reader.  During  the  British  occupation,  Gen.  Gage 
was  successfully  appealed  to  by  the  Boston  boys  in  behalf  of  their  right  of 
coasting  on  the  Common,  —  a  right  which  is  still  enjoyed.  In  1728  Henry 
Phillips,  a  nephew  of  Peter  Faneuil,  killed  Benjamin  Woodbridge  in  a  duel 
with  rapiers,  near  the  Old  Elm;  the  quarrel  arising  from  a  love-affair.  In 
1766  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act  was  brilliantly  celebrated  on  the  Common, 
which  was  also  the  scene  of  a  great  celebration  in  1848,  when  the  Cochituate 
water  was  first  introduced  into  the  city. 

The  Public  Garden  is  an  improvement  of  comparatively  recent  date, 
though  long  ago  contemplated.  Nearly  all  the  work  of  beautifying  it  has 
been  done  within  the  past  fifteen  years.  It  was  marsh-lands  and  flats  a 
hundred  years  ago.  For  twenty  years,  from  1795  or  thereabouts,  the  terri- 
tory was  occupied  by  five  long  rope-walks.  The  town  granted  the  lands, 
rent  free,  to  the  rope-makers,  after  the  destruction  of  their  buildings  in  Pearl 
and  Atkinson  (now  Congress)  Streets  by  fire,  in  1794,  for  two  reasons,  —  to 
prevent  the  erection  of  buildings  in  a  district  they  endangered,  and  to  help 
the  crippled  proprietors.  When,  in  1819,  these  rope-walks,  in  turn,  were 
burned,  the  holders  decided  not  to  rebuild,  but  to  cut  up  the  territory  into 
building-lots,  and  sell  it  for  business  and  dwelling  purposes ;  its  value  having 
been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  opening  of  Charles  Street  in  1804,  and  the 
Mill-dam  project  then  under  way,  which,  when  completed,  would  convert  the 
marshes  and  flats  into  dry  lands.  The  territory  then  commanded  a  beautiful 
view  of  the  Charles  and  its  shores  beyond ;  and  the  idea  of  transforming  it 
into  a  public  garden  was  conceived.  The  people  strongly  objected  to  the 
rope-makers'  scheme,  and  in  1824  decided,  by  a  popular  vote,  that  the  lands 
should  not  be  sold  for  building  purposes ;  and  the  city,  by  paying  $50,000, 
the  sum  awarded  by  referees,  to  whom  the  rope-makers'  claim  was  referred, 
regained  possession  of  the  territory  which  the  town  had  given  away.  The 
agitation  for  buildings  and  residences  on  this  territory  still  continued,  how- 
ever; and  it  was  not  until  1859  tnat  tne  question  was  settled  finally,  by  act 
of  the  Legislature  and  vote  of  the  city.  The  Public  Garden  now  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  spots  in  the  city.  While  the  Common  is  a  park  of  stately 
trees  and  broad  walks,  this  is,  precisely  as  its  name  indicates,  a  public  gar- 
den, with  dainty  flower-beds,  plants,  shrubbery,  grass-plats,  stretches  of 
closely-clipped  lawns,  and  narrow  winding  gravel  paths.  In  its  midst  is  a 
pretty  pond,  irregularly  laid  out;  and  in  the  summer-time  this  is  bright  with 
gayly-canopied  pleasure-boats.  An  iron  bridge,  with  granite  piers  and 
imposing  design,  spans  it;  and  the  winding  walks  along  its  margin,  and  the 
seats  under  the  few  large  trees  near  its  brink,  are  much  sought  on  pleasant 
afternoons.      Near   the    central   path,    from   the    Arlington-street    entrance 


76 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


across  the  bridge  to  Charles  Street,  is  the  most  interesting  fountain  in 
the  garden.  It  is  so  arranged  that  it  throws  a  fine  spray  over  and  about 
a  small  and  graceful  statue  of  Venus  rising  from  the  Sea,  producing  a 
very  pleasing  effect.  There  are  also  several  other  statues,  which  will  be 
described  farther  on  in  this  chapter.  The  area  of  the  Public  Garden  is 
about  21^  acres;  and  it  is  bounded  by  Charles,  Boylston,  Arlington,  and 
Beacon  Streets. 


The  Public  Garden.     View  from   Boylston  Street. 

Other  parks  in  the  city  proper  are  small,  and  are  frequented  chiefly  by 
residents  in  their  immediate  neighborhood.  At  the  South  End  are  Franklin 
Square,  on  the  east  side  of  Washington  Street,  bounded  by  Washington, 
James,  East  Brookline,  and  East  Newton  Streets ;  and  Blackstone  Square, 
on  the  west  side  of  Washington  Street,  bounded  by  Washington,  West 
Brookline,  West  Newton  Streets,  and  Shawmut  Avenue.  Both  are  enclosed 
by  good  iron  fences,  and  are  beautified  with  trees.  Each  has  a  fountain, 
and  contains  about  2$  acres.  Worcester  Square,  between  Washington 
Street  and  Harrison  Avenue,  and  Union  Park,  between  Tremont  Street 
and  Shawmut  Avenue,  each  containing  over  ^  of  an  acre ;  and  Chester 
Square,  between  Tremont  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  containing  about 
1  ^  acres,  —  are  modest  parks,  the  last  the  most  extensive  and  ambitious  in 
its  adornments,  with  roadway  on  each  side  lined  with  fine  residences, 
some  of  them  quite  elegant  in  appearance,  and  costly.      In  the  centre  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


77 


78 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Chester  Park  are  a  beautiful  fountain  and  a  fish-pond ;  and  the  place  is  much 
frequented  by  the  pretty  children  and  trim  nursery-maids  of  the  neighbor- 
hood. At  the  West  End,  on  Cambridge,  corner  of  Lynde  Street,  in  front 
of  the  West  Church,  is  a  bit  of  a  park,  old-fashioned,  with  trees  and 
shrubbery  well-grown,  known  as  Lowell  Square.     At  the  junction  of  Tremont, 

Clarendon,    and    Montgom- 

.fjjjJNL::        s     WfmW=  ery  Streets,  is  an  open  space 

j  called  Montgomery  Square. 

\    .  Throughout   the   length    of 

Commonwealth  Avenue  will 
be  a  strip  of  park  land, 
beautifully  adorned  with 
trees  and  shrubbery,  and 
ornamented  with  statues 
and  fountains. 

In  South  Boston  are  two 
attractive  parks,  especially 
noteworthy  for  the  superb 
views  they  command  of  the 
city  and  the  harbor.  One, 
on  Telegraph  Hill,  is  known 
as  Thomas  Park ;  and  the 
other,  on  Broadway,  Second, 
M,  and  N  Streets,  is  called 


Fountain,   Blackstone  Square. 


Independence  Square.  The  first  contains  about  4.3  acres,  and  the  second 
6|  acres.  There  is  also,  bounded  by  Emerson,  Fourth,  and  M  Streets,  a 
small  park  called  Lincoln  Square.  The  largest  squares  in  East  Boston  are 
Central  Square,  at  Meridian  and  Border  Streets,  containing  \  of  an  acre ; 
and  Belmont  Square,  bounded  by  Webster,  Sumner,  Lamson,  and  Seaver 
Streets,  of  almost  the  same  area.  These  are  enclosed  by  iron  fences,  and 
their  paths  are  well  shaded.  Other  squares  in  East  Boston  are  Putnam 
Square,  located  at  Putnam,  White,  and  Trenton  Streets  ;  Prescott  Square, 
at  Trenton,  Eagle,  and  Prescott  Streets  ;  and  Maverick  Square,  at  Sumner 
and  Maverick  Streets. 

Through  annexation  Boston  became  possessed  of  several  local  parks 
and  squares,  which  had  received  much  attention  from  the  old  municipali- 
ties. Some  of  these  have  been  further  improved  since  annexation,  and 
all  have  received  the  same  care  bestowed  upon  the  parks  and  squares 
of  the  city  proper.  In  the  Roxbury  district,  the  largest  is  Washington 
Park,  at  Dale  and  Bainbridge  Streets,  containing  more  than  9  acres. 
Other  parks  in  this  district  are  Orchard  Park,  at  Chadwick,  Orchard-park, 
and  Yeoman    Streets,  containing  over  2  acres ;    Longwood  Park,  at  Park 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  79 

and  Austin  Streets,  about  h  an  acre  ;  Walnut  Park,  between  Washington 
Street  and  Walnut  Avenue;  Bromley  Park,  from  Albert  to  Bickford  Streets  ; 
Lewis  Park,  Highland  and  New  Streets  ;  and  Linwood  Park,  Centre  and 
Linwood  Streets.  Madison  Square,  situated  at  Sterling,  Marble,  Warwick, 
and  Westminster  Streets,  includes  nearly  3  acres ;  and  Fountain  Square, 
Walnut  Avenue,  from  Monroe  to  Townsend  Streets,  embraces  about  2% 
acres.  Around  the  stand-pipe  of  the  Cochituate  Water-works,  on  the  "  Old 
Fort  "  lot,  between  Beech-glen  and  Fort  Avenues,  is  a  little  park  tastefully 
laid  out. 

In  the  Dorchester  district  the  principal  park,  or  square  as  it  is  called,  is 
on  Meeting-house  Hill,  one  of  the  landmarks  in  this  historic  section  of  the 
present  city.  Here  stands  the  soldiers'  monument.  On  the  top  of  the  hill 
known  as  Mount  Bowdoin  is  a  square,  pleasantly  laid  out;  and  at  Church 
and  Bowdoin  Streets  is  Eaton  Square. 

In  the  Charlestown  district  the  largest  park,  or  square,  is  near  "  The 
Neck."  It  is  bounded  by  Main,  Cambridge,  Sever,  and  Gardner  Streets; 
contains  about  13  acres  enclosed  by  an  iron  fence,  and  is  known  as  Sulli- 
van Square.  In  Winthrop  Square,  containing  about  -£  of  an  acre,  bounded 
by  Winthrop,  Common,  and  Adams  Streets,  is  situated  the  soldiers'  and 
sailors'  monument.  One  of  the  oldest  squares,  at  the  head  of  Bow,  Main, 
and  Chelsea  Streets,  is  City  Square,  which,  like  the  others,  is  enclosed  by 
an  iron  fence,  and  is  trim  and  inviting  in  appearance. 

The  only  park  in  the  Brighton  district  is  called  Jackson  Square.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Chestnut-hill  Avenue,  Union,  and  Winship  Streets, 
and  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  curb.  The  walks  and  drives  about  the  Chestnut- 
hill  Reservoir,  elsewhere  described,  are  also  much  enjoyed  by  the  residents 
of  this  district. 

Boston  is  richer  than  most  American  cities  in  works  of  art  exposed  in 
her  public  ways  and  parks,  though  not  so  rich  as  she  ought  to  be,  and  will 
probably  be  in  the  course  of  a  few  years.  The  finest  piece  of  statuary  in 
the  city,  displayed  out  of  doors,  is  — 

The  Equestrian  Statue  of  Washington,  by  Thomas  Ball,  which  is  placed 
in  the  Public  Garden,  at  the  Arlington-street  entrance,  opposite  Common- 
wealth Avenue.  It  is  said  to  be  the  largest  piece  of  its  kind  in  America. 
The  movement  for  its  erection  began  in  the  spring  of  1859.  The  first  sub- 
stantial contribution  to  the  fund  was  from  the  receipts  of  an  oration  by 
Robert  C.  Winthrop  in  the  Music  Hall  that  year;  'and,  in  November  follow- 
ing, a  great  fair  for  its  benefit  was  held  with  gratifying  success.  The  city 
appropriated  $10,000;  and  $5,000  of  the  surplus  money  of  the  Everett  statue 
fund,  given  after  the  completion  of  that  work,  brought  the  fund  up  to  the 
required  amount.     The  contract  with  Ball  was  made  in  1859,  an<^  ^our  years 


8o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


after  he  had  completed  the  model :  but,  owing  to  the  war,  the  casting  was 
delayed ;  and  it  was  not  until  1869,  on  the  3d  of  July,  that  the  statue  was  in 
place  and  unveiled.  It  was  regarded  as  a  matter  for  special  congratulation, 
and  not  a  little  boasting,  that  all  the  work  upon  it  was  done  by  Massachu- 
setts artists  and  artisans.  The  height  of  the  statue  is  22  feet,  and  with  the 
pedestal  reaches  38  feet.  The  foundation  is  of  solid  masonry,  resting  on 
piles  eleven  feet  deep ;  and  the  pedestal  itself  is  a  fine  piece  of  work. 

The  Daniel  Webster  Statue,  in  the  State-House  grounds,  facing  Beacon 
Street,  is  of  bronze,  by  Hiram  Powers.  It  was  the  second  of  Webster 
executed  by  the  sculptor,  the  first  having  been  lost  at  sea  while  being 
brought  from  Leghorn. 

The  Horace  Mann  Statue,  also  in  front  of  the  State  House,  was  the 
work  of  Emma  Stebbins ;  and  the  fund  for  its  execution  was  raised  by  con- 
tributions from  school-teachers  and  children  throughout  the  State.  The 
State  paid  for  the  pedestal.  The  statues  within  the  State  House  are  men- 
tioned in  the  sketch  of  the  State  House,  in  another  chapter. 

The  Alexander  Hamilton  Statue  was  the  first  placed  in  Commonwealth 
Avenue.  It  is  of  granite,  by  Dr.  Rimmer,  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
in  the  country  cut  from  that  material.  It  was  presented  to  the  city  by 
Thomas  Lee,  in  1865,  and  was  put  in  place  at  his  expense.  On  the  sides 
of  the  substantial  granite  pedestal  are  the  following  inscriptions :  — 


ALEXANDER    HAMILTON, 

BORN    IN   THE   ISLAND  OF 

NEVIS,   WEST    INDIES 

11    JANUARY    1757, 

DIED    IN    NEW   YORK    12    JULY    1804. 


ORATOR,     WRITER,      SOLDIER,     JURIST, 

FINANCIER. 
ALTHOUGH    HIS    PARTICULAR 
PROVINCE    WAS    THE    TREASURY, 
HIS    GENIUS    PERVADED    THE    WHOLE 
ADMINISTRATION    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  Edward  Everett  Statue,  in  the  Public  Garden,  on  the  Beacon-street 
side,  is  by  W.  W.  Story,  modelled  in  Rome  in  1866,  cast  in  Munich,  and  form- 
ally presented  to  the  city,  and  put  in  place  in  November,  1867.  The  statue 
fund  was  raised  by  popular  subscription  in  1865,  with  remarkable  success, 
and  grew  so  large  that  there  was  a  surplus  after  the  completion  of  the  work, 
out  of  which  a  portrait  of  Everett  for  Faneuil  Hall  was  paid  for,  $5,000,  as 
elsewhere  stated,  given  to  the  Washington  equestrian  statue  fund,  and 
$10,000  given  to  the  Governor  Andrew  statue  fund.  The  Everett  statue 
has  been  sharply  criticised,  though  it  has  many  admirers.  It  represents 
the  orator  as  standing  with  his  head  thrown  back,  and  his  right  arm 
extended  and  raised,  in  the  act  of  making  a  favorite  gesture. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


i.  Bunker  Hill,  Charlestown.         2.  Alex.  Hamilton,  3.  Gen.  Glover,  Commonwealth  Ave.        4.  Army 
and  Navy,  Charlestown.      5.  Gov.  Andrew,  State  House.      6.  Benj.  Franklin,  front  of  City  Hall. 


MONUMENTS    AND    STATUES    IN    BOSTON. 


82 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  John  Glover  Statue,  on  Commonwealth  Avenue,  is  by  Martin  Mil- 
more,  and  was  given  to  the  city  by  Benjamin  Tyler  Reed  in  1875.  It  is  of 
bronze,  of  heroic  size,  and  represents  the  sturdy  old  soldier  in  Continental 
uniform,  with  the  heavy  military  overcoat  hanging  in  graceful  folds  from  his 
shoulders.  His  left  leg  is  advanced,  with  the  foot  resting  on  a  cannon;  and 
in  his  right  hand  he  holds  his  sword,  the  point  resting  on  the  ground,  while 
the  empty  scabbard  is  grasped  in  his  left.      The  inscription  is  as  follows :  — 


JOHN     GLOVER, 

OF    MARBLEHEAD, 
A   SOLDIER    OF   THE    REVOLUTION. 


HE    COMMANDED    A    REGIMENT    OF 
ONE    THOUSAND    MEN    RAISED    IN    THAT    TOWN, 

KNOWN    AS    THE    MARINE    REGIMENT, 

AND    ENLISTED    TO    SERVE    THROUGH    THE    WAR; 

HE    JOINED    THE    CAMP    AT    CAMBRIDGE,    JUNE    22,     1775, 

AND    RENDERED    DISTINGUISHED    SERVICE    IN    TRANSPORTING 

THE   ARMY    FROM    BROOKLYN    TO    NEW    YORK,    AUG.    28,    1776, 

AND    ACROSS    THE    DELAWARE,    DEC.    25,    1776. 

HE    WAS    APPOINTED     BY 

THE    CONTINENTAL    CONGRESS,    A    BRIGADIER    GENERAL, 

FEBRUARY    21,    1777. 

BY    HIS    COURAGE,     ENERGY,    MILITARY    TALENTS 

AND    PATRIOTISM,    HE    SECURED    THE    CONFIDENCE    OF 

WASHINGTON, 

AND    THE    GRATITUDE    OF    HIS     COUNTRY. 

BORN     NOVEMBER     5,    1732, 
DIED    AT    MARBLEHEAD,    JANUARY  30,    1797. 


The  statue  stands  on  a  substantial  granite  pedestal. 

The  Aristides  and  Columbus  Statues  in  Louisburg  Square,  which  ex- 
tends from  Mount  Vernon  to  Pinckney  Street,  are  specimens  of  Italian  art, 
which  were  imported  by  the  late  Joseph  Iasigi,  long  a  prominent  Boston 
merchant,  and  given  to  the  city. 

The  Benjamin  Franklin  Statue,  to  the  left  of  the  path  leading  to  the 
main  entrance  of  the  City  Hall,  is  by  Richard  S.  Greenough,  and  was  cast 
by  the  Ames  Manufacturing  Company  of  Chicopee,  Mass.  It  is  a  large 
statue,  eight  feet  high,  standing  on  a  granite  pedestal,  capped  with  a  block 
of  verd-antique  marble.     The  four  bas  reliefs  represent  as  many  periods  of 


KING'S  HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


83 


Franklin's  career.  This  statue  was  publicly  inaugurated  in  1856.  A  simi- 
lar statue  of  Josiah  Ouincy  will  soon  be  placed  on  the  right  of  the  path. 

Of  private  work  publicly  displayed,  the  most  noteworthy  are  the  three 
typical  figures  in  granite  on  the  front  and  top  of  Horticultural  Hall,  corner 
of  Tremont  and  Bromfield  Streets,  representing  Flora,  Ceres,  and  Pomona, 
cut  by  Martin  Milmore ;  and  the  figure  of  the  Saviour,  copied  from  Thor- 
waldsen,  on  the  apex  of  the  pediment  of  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  on  Harrison  Avenue. 

The  Ether  Monument  was  presented  by  Thomas  Lee  to  the  city,  in 
1868.  It  is  a  fine  piece  of  work,  and  well  placed  on  the  Public  Garden,  on 
the  Arlington-street  side,  towards  Beacon  Street.  On  one  side  is  this 
inscription  :  — 


TO    COMMEMORATE 

THE     DISCOVERY 

THAT    THE     INHALING     OF     ETHER 

CAUSES     INSENSIBILITY    TO     PAIN. 

FIRST     PROVED    TO    THE    WORLD 

AT     THE 

MASS.    GENERAL     HOSPITAL 

IN     BOSTON, 
OCTOBER     A.D.     MDCCCXLVI. 


On  each  of  the  sides  are  medallions,  well  executed  in  marble,  representing 
the  physician  and  the  surgeon  operating  upon  the  sick  and  injured,  under  the 
influence  of  ether ;  and  the  shaft  is  surmounted  by  two  admirably  modelled 
figures.     The  monument  is  of  granite  and  red  marble. 

The  Army  and  Navy  Monument,  erected  by  the  City  of  Boston  in  mem- 
ory of  her  sons  who  fell  in  the  civil  war,  stands  on  Flag-staff  Hill  in  the 
Common.  Martin  Milmore  of  Boston  was  the  sculptor.  The  shaft  is  of 
white  Maine  granite,  and  reaches  a  height  of  over  70  feet.  The  foundation 
is  of  solid  masonry,  cruciform  in  shape,  built  up  from  a  depth  of  16  feet  to 
the  ground  level.  On  this  is  a  platform  of  stone,  covering  an  area  38  feet 
square,  and  reached  by  three  steps.  From  this  platform  rises  a  plinth,  nine 
feet  high,  with  projecting  pedestals  at  each  of  the  four  corners.  These 
pedestals  are  ornamented  upon  the  sides  and  front  with  carved  wreaths  of 
laurel.  Upon  them  stand  four  bronze  figures,  each  eight  feet  high,  repre- 
senting Peace,  History,  the  Army,  and  the  Navy.  The  statue  of  Peace 
represents  a  female  figure,  robed  in  classic  drapery,  seated  on  a  stone.     Her 


84 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


right  arm  is  raised  and  extended,  and  in  her  hand  she  holds  an  olive-branch 
toward  the  south.  The  figure  representing  the  Muse  of  History  also  occu- 
pies a  sitting  position,  and  is  clad  in  simple  Greek  costume.  The  left  hand 
holds  a  tablet,  which  rests  upon  the  knee;  in  the  right  is  a  stylus.  A  wreath 
of  laurel  encircles  the  head.  The  face  is  turned  slightly  away  and  upward, 
as  if  in  meditation.  The  statue  of  the  Sailor  faces  the  sea.  It  is  in  an  easy 
attitude,  the  right  hand  resting  upon  a  drawn  cutlass,  whose  point  touches 
the  ground,  the  left  hand  supported  by  the  hip.  The  naval  costume  is  well 
executed.  The  army  is  represented  by  the  figure  of  a  Soldier,  standing  at 
ease,  with  overcoat,  belt,  and  accoutrements.     His  musket  rests  upon  the 

ground.     One  hand  clasps  its  barrel ;  the  other 
rests  upon  the  muzzle.      On  the  four  sides  of 
the  plinth,  between   the   pedestals,  are  bronze 
mezzo-relievos,  5  feet  6  inches  in  length  by  2 
feet  6  inches  in  width,  symbolical  of  incidents 
of  the  war.     That  on  the  front  of  the  monument 
represents  the  departure  of  troops  for  the  war, 
and  introduces  the  portraits  of  Gov.  Andrew, 
Archbishop    Williams,    A.    H.    Vinton,    D.D., 
Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.,  Wendell  Phillips,  Henry 
W.  Longfellow,    and    others,  standing    on   the 
State  House  steps,  while  with  the  troops  march- 
ing by  are  Gen.  Butler,  Gen.  Reed,  Col.  Cass, 
Col.  Shaw,  and  Gen.  Chas.  Russell  Lowell.    The 
relief   symbolizing   the  works    of  the  Sanitary 
Commission  has   two  parts ;    one   showing  the 
prominent   members   of   the    commission   from 
Boston  in  consultation,  the  oth- 
er representing  the  work  in  the 
field.      Portraits   are   given    of 
Gov.  Rice,  James  Russell  Low- 
ell,   Ezra    H.    Gannett,    D.D., 
E.    R.    Mudge,    George    Tick-. 
nor,   Marshall    P.  Wilder,  Col. 
W.  W.  Clapp,  the  Rev.  E.  E. 
Hale,  and  several  ladies.     The 
"  Return  from  the  War  "  is  the 
most  elaborate  relief.     It  rep- 
resents a  regiment  drawn  up  in 
front  of  the  State  House.     On 


Army  and   Navy   Monument,    Boston  Common. 


the  steps  are  Gov.  Andrew,   Dr.   Edward   Reynolds,   Henry  Wilson,  Gov. 
Claflin,  Mayor  Shurtleff,  Judge  Putnam,  Charles  Sumner,  and  others.     Gens. 


Fountain,  Union  Square.  4.  Fountain,  Chester  Square.  5.  Fountain,  Sullivan  Square. 

2.  Dorchester  Soldiers'  Monument.  3.  Harvard  Monument. 

MONUMENTS    AND    FOUNTAINS    IN    BOSTON. 


S6 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


Banks,  Devens,  Bartlett,  and  Underwood  are  on  horseback.  The  fourth 
relief  commemorates  the  achievements  of  the  navy,  and  has  two  parts. 
The  left-hand  portion  shows  a  group  of  u  figures,  and  represents  the 
departure  of  sailors  from  home ;   while  on  the  right  is  a  view  of  a  naval 


engagement. 


On  the  plinth  rests  the  pedestal  proper,  14  feet  3  inches  high,  terminating 
in  a  surbase.  The  sides  of  the  die  are  panelled.  In  that  facing  the  south 
is  cut  the  following  inscription,  written  by  Charles  W.  Eliot,  president  of 
Harvard  University :  — 


TO    THE    MEN    OF    BOSTON 

WHO    DIED    FOR    THEIR    COUNTRY 

ON    LAND    AND    SEA    IN    THE    WAR 

WHICH    KEPT    THE    UNION    WHOLE 

DESTROYED    SLAVERY 

AND    MAINTAINED    THE    CONSTITUTION 

THE   GRATEFUL   CITY 

HAS    BUILT    THIS    MONUMENT 

THAT    THEIR    EXAMPLE    MAY    SPEAK 

TO    COMING    GENERATIONS 


From  the  surbase  of  the  pedestal  rises  the  granite  shaft,  which  is  of  the 
Roman-Doric  order.  About  its  base  are  grouped  figures  in  alto-relievo, 
representing  the  four  sections  of  the  Union,  —  North,  South,  East,  and 
West.  Sculptured  wreaths  surround  the  shaft  at  irregular  intervals.  The 
capstone  is  a  circular  block  of  granite,  2  feet  n  inches  high  and  5  feet  in 
diameter.  On  this  stands  the  bronze  ideal  statue  of  the  Genius  of  America, 
which  was  cast  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  1 1  feet  high,  representing  a  female 
dressed  in  a  flowing  robe.  Over  the  robe  is  a  loose  tunic  bound  with  a  gir- 
dle at  the  waist.  A  heavy  mantle,  clasped  at  the  throat,  is  thrown  back  over 
the  shoulder,  and  falls  the  full  length  of  the  figure  behind.  On  the  head  is 
a  crown  with  13  stars.  In  the  right  hand,  which  rests  upon  the  hilt  of  an 
unsheathed  sword,  are  two  laurel  wreaths.  The  left  hand  holds  a  banner 
draped  about  a  staff,  which  reaches  to  a  height  of  6  feet  above  the  head. 
The  face  fronts  towards  the  south,  and  the  head  is  slightly  bowed.  The 
cost  of  the  entire  monument  was  $75,000.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  Sept. 
18,  1 87 1,  on  which  occasion  there  was  a  great  parade.  The  dedication  took 
place  Sept.  17,  1877,  when   over  25,000  men   marched  in  the  procession,  in- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  87 

eluding  the  militia  of  the  State,  the  veterans  of  the  Grand  Army,  the  lead- 
ing generals  of  the  civil  war,  the  State  and  city  officials,  civic  societies,  the 
school  children,  &c.  The  procession  marched  over  a  route  more  than  six 
miles  long,  and  was  four  hours  in  passing  a  given  point,  all  delays  excluded. 
The  principal  feature  of  the  dedication  ceremonies  was  an  oration  by  Gen. 
Charles  Devens. 

The  Bunker-Hill  Monument  stands  in  the  centre  of  Monument  Square, 
on  Breed's  Hill,  where  the  principal  redoubt  was  thrown  up  by  the  Amer- 
icans on  the  night  before  the  battle.  The  monument  is  221  feet  high,  and 
consists  of  6,700  tons  of  Quincy  granite.  The  base  is  30  feet  square,  and  the 
column  tapers  gradually  to  15  feet  at  the  apex.  Inside  the  shaft  is  a  hollow 
cone,  in  which  is  a  spiral  flight  of  295  stone  steps  ascending  to  a  chamber  1 1 
feet  square  and  17  feet  high,  whence  a  beautiful  view  is  obtained  on  a  clear 
day  from  the  four  windows.  The  capstone  of  the  apex,  above  this  obser- 
vatory, is  in  one  piece,  and  weighs  2£  tons.  The  room  contains  two  small 
cannon,  the  inscriptions  on  which  tell  their  story.  The  corner-stone  of  the 
monument  was  laid  June  17,  1825,  by  Gen.  Lafayette  ;  and  the  oration  was 
by  Daniel  Webster.  The  work  was  under  the  direction  of  Solomon  Willard. 
The  monument  cost  over  $150,000.  It  was  dedicated  June  17,  1843,  on 
which  occasion  Daniel  Webster  was  again  the  orator,  President  Tyler  and  his 
cabinet  being  present.  The  centennial  anniversary  of  the  battle,  on  June 
17,  1875,  nas  been  referred  to.  The  monument  is  under  the  charge  of  the 
Bunker-hill  Monument  Association.  At  its  foot  a  modest  slab  marks  the 
spot  where  Gen.  Warren  was  killed. 

The  Harvard  Monument,  to  the  memory  of  John  Harvard,  erected  from 
subscriptions  of  graduates  of  Harvard  College,  is  situated  on  the  top  of  the 
hill  in  the  old  graveyard  near  the  State  prison,  in  the  Charlestown  district. 
It  is  a  solid  granite  shaft.  On  the  eastern  face  is  inscribed  the  name  John 
Harvard,  and  on  a  marble  tablet  the  following  words  :  — 

ON   THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    DAY    SEPTEMBER    A.D.    1828 

THIS    STONE   WAS    ERECTED    BY    THE 

GRADUATES   OF  THE   UNIVERSITY   AT   CAMBRIDGE 

IN   HONOR   OF   ITS   FOUNDER 

WHO    DIED    AT   CHARLESTOWN 

ON   THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    DAY    OF    SEPTEMBER    A.D.    1638 

On  the  western  side  is  an  inscription  in  Latin,  of  which  the  following  is 
a  free  translation :  "  That  one  who  merits  so  much  from  our  literary  men 
should  no  longer  be  without  a  monument,  however  humble,  the  graduates  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  New  England,  have  erected  this  stone,  nearly 
two  hundred  years  after  his  death,  in  pious  and  perpetual  remembrance 
of  John  Harvard."  At  the  dedication  of  this  monument,  Edward  Everett 
delivered  the  oration. 


88  AVNG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Charlestown  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument  stands  in  Winthrop 
Square,  once  the  old  militia  training-ground,  set  apart  in  colonial  days.  On 
a  high  pedestal  stands  a  group  of  three  figures,  the  "  Genius  of  America  " 
holding  out  laurel  wreaths  above  the  soldier  and  sailor  standing  on  each 
side.  The  sculptor  was  Martin  Milmore.  The  monument  is  of  Hallowell 
granite,  and  cost  $20,000.  The  dedication  took  place  on  the  ninety-seventh 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1872;  and  the  address  was 
by  Richard  Frothingham.  On  the  occasion  of  the  memorable  centennial 
celebration  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1875,  the  Fifth  Maryland 
Regiment,  of  the  visiting  military  organizations  from  the  South,  placed  upon 
this  monument  a  beautiful  floral  shield,  as  a  token  of  their  good-will  towards 
their  Northern  guests,  and  as  a  tribute  to  the  Northern  heroes  who  had 
fallen  in  the  unhappy  civil  conflict.  The  act  was  gracefully  performed,  with- 
out ostentation.  "  The  Marylanders,"  the  local  press  of  the  day  reported, 
"  visited  Charlestown  very  quietly,  notifying  nobody  beforehand,  and  going 
entirely  without  escort.  They  carried  with  them  a  magnificent  floral  shield, 
composed  of  white  and  carnation  pinks,  inscribed  '  Maryland's  tribute  to 
Massachusetts,'  and  marched  to  Winthrop  Square,  in  which  stands  the 
beautiful  monument  erected  by  Charlestown  to  the  memory  of  her  sons  who 
fell  in  the  military  and  naval  service  during  the  war.  Here  the  regiment 
halted,  forming  three  sides  of  a  square  around  the  monument;  the  band 
played  a  dirge,  and  the  regiment  stood  at  parade  rest,  while  the  shield  was 
reverently  laid  on  the  monument.  Then  the  orders  were  given,  'Atten- 
tion ! '  '  Carry  arms  ! '  '  Present  arms  ! '  After  this  simple,  beautiful  cere- 
mony, the  regiment  departed." 

The  Dorchester  Soldiers'  Monument  stands  in  the  large  open  space  in 
front  of  the  church  on  Meeting-house  hill.  Its  foundation,  5  feet  deep,  is 
laid  upon  a  ledge  of  rock.  It  is  of  red  Gloucester  granite,  is  31  feet  high, 
and  8  feet  square  at  the  base.  The  form  is  that  of  an  obelisk.  Its  heavy 
base  has  square  projections  at  the  angles  supporting  four  buttresses,  each 
with  an  upright  cannon  in  half  relief.  Between  these  are  raised  polished 
tablets  with  the  names  of  Dorchester's  fallen  soldiers.  Above  the  tablets 
are  garlands  of  laurel  in  relief.  A  heavy  cornice  caps  the  die  containing 
the  tablets,  and  above  is  a  second  die  with  ornamental  scrolls  at  the  cor- 
ners. On  the  four  faces  of  the  die  are  round  panels  with  sunken  marble 
tablets  having  appropriate  inscriptions  and  symbols.  The  shaft,  an  obelisk, 
which  rises  from  the  second  die,  is  4  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  has  two 
projecting  belts,  the  lower  one  with  a  large  star  in  relief  on  each  face,  and 
the  upper  the  shield  of  the  United  States.  The  style  of  the  monument  is  a 
dignified  Renaissance,  and  the  architect  was  B.  F.  Dwight.  The  dedication 
took  place  on  Sept.  17,  1867;  the  oration  being  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Charles 
A.  Humphreys  of  Springfield. 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


89 


The  Roxbury  Soldiers'  Monument  is  on  Sycamore  and  Poplar  Avenues, 
Forest-hills  Cemetery.  In  the  centre  of  a  lot  containing  over  2,000  square 
feet,  on  a  granite  pedestal  about  six  feet  high,  stands  a  bronze  infantry  sol- 
dier of  heroic  size.  The  statue  was  designed  by  Martin  Milmore,  cast  at 
Chicopee,  Mass.,  and  erected  in  1867,  after  the  old  city  of  Roxbury  had 
become  incorporated  with  the  municipality  of  Boston.  On  the  front  and 
the  reverse  of  the  pedestal  are  the  following  inscriptions :  — 


ERECTED 
BY 

"  FROM    THE     HONORED    DEAD 

THE    CITY    OF    ROXBURY 

WE    TAKE    INCREASED     DEVOTION 

IN     HONOR    OF 

TO    THAT    CAUSE    FOR    WHICH 

HER    SOLDIERS, 

THEY    GAVE    THE    LAST    FULL 

WHO    DIED     FOR    THEIR     COUNTRY 

MEASURE    OF    DEVOTION." 

IN    THE    REBELLION    OF 
1861-1865 

Abraham   Lincoln, 
at  Gettysburg, 
Nov.   1863. 

186  7 

The  lot  is  enclosed  by  an  emblematic  granite  railing,  and  contains  the 
bodies  of  a  score  of  Roxbury  soldiers.  On  the  base  of  the  railing  the  name 
of  each  person  buried,  with  his  regiment,  and  date  of  death,  is  chiselled  and 
gilded.  Nearly  half  of  those  lying  here  (members  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Regi- 
ment Mass.  Vols.)  fell  at  Antietam  in  less  than  a  month  after  their  departure 
from  the  State.  This  monument  is  elaborately  decorated  on  Memorial  Day 
by  Thomas  G.  Stephenson  Post  26  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  when  a  miniature  flag 
is  placed  on  each  grave. 

The  West-Roxbury  Soldiers'  Monument  is  at  the  corner  of  Centre  and 
South  Streets,  near  Curtis  Hall,  formerly  the  town  hall,  Jamaica  Plain. 
The  monument,  in  Gothic  style,  is  34  feet  high,  of  light  gray  granite,  except 
the  base,  which  is  of  the  dark  Ouincy  stone.  The  ground  plan  is  square, 
and  the  chief  feature  is  a  massive  structure  supporting  a  sort  of  pyramidal 
pedestal  on  which  stands  the  statue  of  a  soldier  leaning  on  his  gun,  in  pen- 
sive contemplation  of  the  loss  of  his  comrades.  On  each  of  the  four  sides 
of  the  monument  is  a  pointed  archway  opening  into  a  vaulted  chamber.  In 
the  gables  above  the  arches  are  the  names  of  Lincoln,  Andrew,  Thomas,  and 
Farragut.  At  the  corners  are  four  pinnacles  ornamented  with  military  tro- 
phies in  relief.  In  the  vaulted  chamber  stands  a  stone  of  Italian  marble 
inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  West-Roxbury  men  who  fell  during  the 
war.  The  monument  is  34  feet  high.  The  architect  was  W.  W.  Lummis. 
The  dedication  took  place  on  Sept.  14,  1871,  the  principal  feature  being  an 
address  by  James  Freeman  Clarke. 


9o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  Brighton  Soldiers'  Monument  was  erected  in  Evergreen  Cemetery 
the  year  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  dedicated  on  July  26,  1866,  when 
the  oration  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Frederick  Augustus  Whitney.  The 
monument  has  a  square  base,  two  courses  high,  with  projections  at  each 
corner  supporting  cannon-balls.  Upon  this  base  is  a  pyramidal  plinth  with 
its  four  sides  covered  with  inscriptions,  and  names  of  the  Brighton  soldiers 
who  died  in  the  war.  This  supports  a  square  shaft,  on  the  die  of  which  are 
national  trophies  in  relief ;  and  on  a  ball,  at  the  top  of  the  shaft,  rests  an 
eagle.  The  monument  is  30  feet  high,  and  cost,  with  the  grounds,  about 
$5,000. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON  91 


€\)t  IHtnU   of  tije  ffiitg, 

THE    LIBRARIES,  ART  AND   SCIENTIFIC    INSTITUTIONS,   AND 
MUSICAL   SOCIETIES. 

IN  the  number  and  extent  of  its  libraries,  Boston  stands  at  the  head  of 
American  cities,  and  will  even  bear  comparison  with  European  capitals. 
In  none  of  the  latter  are  the  libraries  so  accessible  to  all,  and  few  are  so  well 
arranged,  as  those  of  Boston.  This  fact  makes  the  New-England  metropolis 
the  most  desirable  centre  on  the  American  continent  for  the  scholar  and 
student;  and  the  possession  of  these  great  institutions  has  done  much  to 
give  Boston  its  position  as  a  seat  of  literature  and  science,  —  a  position  it 
promises  to  maintain.  In  the  city  and  in  Cambridge,  which  is  so  near  that 
its  libraries  are  almost  as  accessible  as  those  of  the  city,  there  are  three 
large  libraries  containing  about  three-quarters  of  a  million  books,  besides 
several  hundred  thousand  pamphlets.  Then  there  are  many  large  special 
libraries,  all  of  which  are  easily  available  for  any  one  having  occasion  to  use 
them. 

The  Boston  Public  Library,  on  Boylston  Street,  opposite  the  Common, 
is,  if  its  branches  be  included,  the  largest  library  in  America,  and  an  institu- 
tion much  appreciated  by  the  reading  public,  for  its  advantages  are  free  to 
all.  Its  establishment  was  authorized  in  1848,  and  it  was  opened  in  1854 
on  Mason  Street.  Edward  Everett  was  the  first  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees.  The  present  building  was  completed  in  1858,  at  a  cost  of 
$365,000.  In  1852  Joshua  Bates  of  London  gave  the  library  $50,000,  and 
subsequently  #50,000  worth  of  books.  Mr.  Everett  gave  1,000  books  at  the 
outset.  Theodore  Parker  willed  over  11,000  volumes  to  the  library.  George 
Ticknor  gave  nearly  4,000  books,  including  his  valuable  Spanish  collection. 
The  sons  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Bowditch  gave  their  father's  library  of  over 
2,500  books  and  manuscripts.  Abbott  Lawrence  bequeathed  $10,000  to  the 
institution.  Mary  P.  Townsend  gave  $4,000,  and  Jonathan  Phillips  $30,000. 
The  library  has  had  deposited  with  it  the  Prince  collection,  willed  in  1758 
by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Prince  to  the  Old  South  Church  ;  and  has  purchased 
the  Thomas  P.  Barton  library  of  12,000  volumes,  including  the  best  Shake- 
sperian  collection  in  this  country,  and  much  early  French  literature.  The 
library  building,  of  brick  with  sandstone  trimmings,  has  two  lofty  stories 
and  basement,  and  measures  in  the  main  building  82  by  128  feet.  On  the 
first  floor  are  an   entrance-hall,   distribution-room,  lower  library-room,   and 


92  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

two  large  reading-rooms.  On  the  second  floor  is  Bates  Hall,  where  most 
of  the  books  are  stored  in  60  alcoves  and  6  galleries.  The  library,  with  its 
eight  branches,  containing  more  than  350,000  volumes,  is  supported  by  the 
city's  annual  appropriation  of  $120,000  or  more.  In  1872  the  city  appropriated 
#70,000  to  buy  the  adjoining  Richardson  estate,  so  as  to  provide  for  future 
expansion;  and  in  1873  an  appropriation  was  made  of  $30,000  for  an  addi- 
tion to  the  building.  Two  members  of  the  city  council  are  always  on  the 
board  of  trustees,  which  comprises  seven  members,  who  oversee  and  con- 
trol the  library  business,  subject  to  city  ordinances.  The  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  the  Boston  Public  Library  was  incorporated  in  1878,  thus  making 
the  institution  partially  independent,  and  making  it  more  difficult  for  the 
city  council  to  interfere  with  the  administration  of  the  institution.  The 
executive  force  of  the  library  consists  of  about  150  persons,  organized  as  a 
central  staff  under  the  chief  librarian,  and  (also  subordinate  to  him)  eight 
branch  staffs  with  their  librarians.  In  the  eight  branch  libraries,  at  East 
Boston,  South  Boston,  Roxbury  (to  which  the  Fellowes  Athenaeum  has 
been  added),  Charlestown  district,  Brighton  district,  the  South  End,  West 
Roxbury  district,  and  Dorchester  district,  besides  the  eight  librarians 
there  are  about  50  assistants.  More  than  two-thirds  of  the  persons  em- 
ployed are  women.  Quarterly  bulletins  showing  the  most  important  acces- 
sions, and  other  partial  catalogues  or  "class-lists,"  are  issued,  such  as 
History  and  Biography,  Fiction,  Prince  Library,  etc. ;  also  branch  cata- 
logues ;  but  no  complete  single  catalogue  in  book-form  is  issued  or  intended. 
Instead,  there  is  a  card-catalogue,  with  subjects  and  authors  alphabetically 
arranged,  in  drawers,  which  are  open  to  the  public.  There  is,  besides,  an 
official  card-catalogue.  About  1,300,000  issues  a  year  are  now  recorded, 
and  an  average  of  only  one  book  is  lost  out  of  every  9,000  delivered. 
The  central  reading-room,  supplied  with  all  the  principal  American  and 
foreign  periodicals,  is  open  every  day  in  the  week.  C.  C.  Jewett  was  the 
first  superintendent;  and  at  his  death,  in  1868,  he  was  succeeded  by  Justin 
Winsor,  the  present  librarian  of  Harvard  University.  In  1877  Mr.  Winsor 
resigned,  and  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green  temporarily  acted  as  superintendent. 
In  August,  1878,  Mellen  Chamberlain  was  elected  librarian,  —  the  term 
superintendent  being  dropped  in  the  act  of  incorporation.  Plans  are  begin- 
ning to  be  discussed  for  a  new  building  that  will  properly  accommodate 
the  vast  number  of  books  that  the  library  will  probably  accumulate  in  the 
near  future.  The  library  also  contains  a  number  of  interesting  and  valu- 
able manuscripts,  antiquities,  and  works  of  art. 

The  Boston  Athenaeum,  which  grew  out  of  a  reading-room  established 
by  the  Anthology  Club,  was  incorporated  in  1807.  For  some  years  it  in- 
cluded a  library,  a  museum  of  natural  history  and  of  curiosities,  philosophi- 
cal apparatus,   and   models   of  machines,   and  also   an   art-gallery;    but  as 


THE    BOSTON    PUBLIC    LIBRARY,    BOYLSTON    STREET. 


94 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


other  societies,  specially  devoted  to  these  different  objects,  were  founded, 
the  Athenaeum  transferred  to  them  its  various  collections.  The  building 
now  contains  only  the  library  of  1 15,000  volumes,  and  a  few  pictures,  busts, 
and  statues,  serving  for  decoration.  Although  the  right  to  use  this  library 
is  confined   to   the   1,049  shareholders   and   their  families, —  about  800  of 

whom  pay  the  annual  assess- 
ment that  entitles  them  to 
take  books  from  the  build- 
ing, —  nevertheless  stran- 
gers, especially  students  and 
authors,  are  always  welcome, 
and  given  access  to  the  read- 
ing-rooms and  collections. 
The  income-producing  funds 
of  the  Athenaeum  are  over 
$300,000;  and  the  value  of 
the  real  estate,  books,  paint- 
ings, and  statuary  is  $470,- 
000.  The  library,  each  year, 
adds  about  3,000  volumes, 
and  circulates  about  50,000 
volumes.  The  library-room 
was  first  in  Congress  Street ; 
afterwards,  in  1821,  on  Pearl  Street,  in  a  house  given  by  James  Perkins, 
where  the  society  remained  until  the  completion,  in  1849,  of  the  present 
handsome  building  on  the  south  side  of  Beacon  Street,  between  Bowdoin 
and  Somerset  Streets.  The  library  of  George  Washington,  purchased  by 
the  corporation  in  1848  at  a  cost  of  #4,000,  is  one  of  the  many  interesting 
collections  that  have  come  into  the  possession  of  the  Athenaeum.  The 
present  librarian  is  Charles' A.  Cutter,  who  has  filled  the  position  for  the 
past  10  years. 

The  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  was  founded  in  1791,  by  a  few 
gentlemen  who  were  interested  in  American  history,  with  the  object  of 
preserving  for  reference  all  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts,  and  other  ma- 
terials containing  historical  facts.  The  library  now  contains  about  23,000 
books  and  45,000  pamphlets.  The  Dowse  collection,  given  by  the  late 
Thomas  Dowse,  in  1856,  comprises  nearly  5,000  finely-bound  volumes,  and 
many  choice  works.  Most  of  the  books  are  of  an  historical  character,  a 
specialty  being  made  of  local  histories,  and  histories  of  the  civil  war.  The 
membership  is  limited  to  100,  but  the  library  may  be  used  for  reference  by 
any  one.  It  is  managed  by  a  council  of  the  officers  and  an  executive  com- 
mittee of  five.      A  librarian,  two   assistants,  and  a  janitor,  are  employed. 


The  Boston  Athenaeum,   Beacon  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


95 


The   Speakers'  Desk  ;    Winslow's  Chair. 


The  society,  for  several  years  after  its  organization,  met  in  the  attic  of 
Faneuil  Hall ;  afterwards  rooms  were  occupied  in  Hamilton  Place,  and  then 
in  Franklin  Street.  In  1833  the  present  quarters  on  Tremont  Street  were 
occupied.  The  society  has  many  relics  of  historic  interest,  such  as  King 
Philip's  samp-bowl,  a  gun  used  at  the  cap- 
ture of  Gov.  Andros  by  the  Bostonians  in 
1689,  a  silk  flag  presented  by  Gov.  Hancock 
to  a  colored  company  called  the  "  Bucks  of 
America;"  the  swords  of  Miles  Standish, 
Gov.  Carver,  Gov.  Brooks,  Col.  Church,  Sir 
William  Pepperell,  Capt.  Linzee,  and  Col. 
Prescott;  the  desk  used  by  the  successive 
speakers  of  the  Representatives  in  the  Old 
State  House  ;  an  oak  chair  said  to  have  been 
made  in  London  in  161 4,  and  brought  over 
in  the  "  Mayflower  "  by  Edward  Winslow  ; 
and  portraits  of  Govs.  Endicott,  Winslow, 
Pownall,  Dummer,  Belcher,  Winthrop,  Hutchinson,  Strong,  Gore,  &c. 
That  of  Winslow  is  believed  to  be  a  Vandyke.  The  society  also  possesses 
the  diary  of  Judge  Sewall,  who  presided  at  the  witchcraft  trials  in  1792, 
and  the  earliest  issues  of  the  first  American  newspaper.  The  building  has 
been  entirely  rebuilt  in  a  most  substantial  manner  within  a  few  years,  and 
is  thoroughly  fireproof.     The  librarian  is  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green. 

The  State  Library  of  Massachusetts  is  in  the  State  House,  and  contains 
40,000  volumes.  It  was  incorporated  in  1826.  The  class  of  books  is  solid 
and  useful ;  for  example,  United  States,  State,  and  Territorial  statute-books, 
legal  documents,  law-reports,  works  on  political  economy,  education,  social 
science,  the  acts  of  the  British  Parliament,  and  the  French  Archives  Parle- 
mentaires.     J.  W.  Dickinson  is  the  librarian. 

The  Social  Law  Library  is  in  the  Court  House  on  Court  Square,  and 
consists  of  about  15,000  law-books  for  professional  use.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1814,  and  contains  many  rare  and  valuable  books.  Its  collections  are 
open  to  members,  and  to  many  officials,  judges,  and  others,  granted  the 
privilege  by  the  by-laws.     The  librarian  is  F.  W.  Vaughan. 

The  Boston  Medical  Library  Association,  founded  in  1875,  was  at  5 
Hamilton  Place  until  1878.  It  then  purchased  the  house  at  No.  19  Boyl- 
ston  Place,  and  fitted  up  reading-rooms  and  a  hall  for  the  meetings  of  all 
the  medical  societies  of  the  city.  The  library  contains  9,000  volumes  and 
6,000  pamphlets,  being  the  sixth  medical  library  in  the  United  States, 
and  receives  regularly  125  periodicals.  It  is  intended  to  be  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  medical  profession  of  the  State.  Dr.  James  R.  Chadwick  is  the 
librarian. 


96 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


The  New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  incorporated  in  1845, 
is  at  No.  18  Somerset  Street.  Its  specialty  is  genealogy,  including  her- 
aldry, and  New-England  local  history.  The  house,  built  in  1805  for  a 
dwelling,  was  purchased  by  the  Society  in  1870,  and  was  remodelled  and 
dedicated  the  following  year.  It  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  29  by  42 
feet  in  dimensions,  with  an  L  in  the  rear.  The  front  is  faced  with  an  arti- 
ficial stone  resembling  grayish  sandstone,  and  has  Nova   Scotia   sandstone 

trimmings.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  fire- 
proof room  for  the  storage  of  rare  books 
and  manuscripts ;  on  the  second,  the 
library  proper ;  and  on  the  third,  a  hall 
for  the  meetings  of  the  Society.  The 
cost  of  the  building  and  furniture  was 
#43,000.  The  library  contains  over  14,000 
volumes  and  60,000  pamphlets,  relating 
chiefly  to  the  history  and  the  influence 
of  New-England  character  and  life,  and 
includes  many  very  rare  works.  The 
Society  publish  annually  the  New-Eng- 
land Historical  and  Genealogical  Regis- 
ter. Its  Towne  Memorial  Fund  is  used 
in  printing  memorials  of  its  deceased 
members.  For  eleven  years  past,  Mar- 
shall P.  Wilder,  Ph.D.,  has  been  the 
president;  and  to  him  the  Society  is  in- 
debted for  its  good  financial  condition, 
and  especially  for  his  services  in  raising 
the  sum  of  $55,000  for  the  building  and 
librarian  funds.  Benjamin  B.  Torrey  is 
the  treasurer,  and  John  Ward  Dean  the  librarian.  The  library  and  archives 
are  open  freely  to  the  public. 

The  Congregational  Library  was  organized  in  1853,  and  is  the  property 
of  the  American  Congregational  Association.  It  was  intended  to  gather  and 
preserve  the  writings  and  mementos,  —  indeed,  every  thing  available,  —  that 
would  state  and  illustrate  the  principles  and  work  of  the  Pilgrims  and  Puri- 
tans in  laying  the  foundations  of  our  free  institutions.  It  has  never  had  any 
funds  with  which  to  purchase  books.  Every  dollar  has  been  used  to  meet 
necessary  running  expenses,  and  pay  for  the  Congregational  House  ;  the 
library  waiting  for  an  income  from  rents  when  the  building  is  paid  for.  Its 
books  and  pamphlets  are  largely  ecclesiastical,  historical,  expository,  doc- 
trinal, and  biographical,  —  a  library  of  reference  rather  than  popular  reading. 
For  consultation   it   is   free  to  all.     The  payment  of  one  dollar  secures  its 


N.E.  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  Somerset  St. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  97 

general  privileges.  Its  building  is  fireproof,  and  had  last  May  a  total  of 
25,815  books  and  more  than  100,000  pamphlets,  besides  the  unique  and  valu- 
able missionary  library,  of  7,000  volumes,  belonging  to  the  American  Board. 
The  librarian  is  the  Rev.  I.  P.  Langworthy. 

The  General  Theological  Library,  No.  12  West  Street,  contains  over 
12,000  volumes,  mostly  of  dc  theological,  religious,  or  moral  character.  It  is 
used  by  members  and  annual  subscribers,  and  is  unsectarian.  There  is 
also  a  reading-room  with  about  JS  periodicals.  The  library  was  instituted 
in  i860,  and  incorporated  in  1864.  The  Rev.  Charles  Burroughs,  D.D.,  was 
the  founder.  The  management  is  vested  in  a  board  of  15  directors.  The 
Rev.  Luther  Farnham  has  been  the  librarian  from  the  be<rinningr 

The  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Library  is  in  the  station  on  Beach 
Street,  and  contains  over  1,800  volumes.  It  was  established  in  1869  by 
Ginery  Twichell,  president  of  the  road,  and  is  supported  by  the  corporation 
for  the  use  of  the  persons  employed.     It  is  open  two  hours  once  a  week. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  has  a  library  in  its  building  on 
Berkeley  Street,  containing  12,000  books,  and  5,000  pamphlets  on  natural 
history.  The  use  of  the  library,  which  was  established  in  1 831,  is  confined 
to  members  of  the  society. 

Other  Libraries.  —  There  are  a  large  number  of  other  libraries  of  both 
general  and  special  character.  The  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  has 
recently  begun  the  collection  of  works  on  art ;  and  the  Boston  Art  Club  has 
a  valuable  library  of  the  same  class.  Several  of  the  musical  societies  have 
good  collections  of  works  on  music.  All  the  public  schools  —  notably  the 
Boston  Latin,  and  Girls'  High  and  Normal,  and  nearly  all  of  the  Sunday 
schools,  charitable  and  municipal  institutions,  as  well  as  the  various  scien- 
tific, social,  and  religious  societies  —  have  their  own  libraries.  Some  of 
these,  owing  to  their  special  character,  are  quite  valuable. 

Art  and  Science  have  gained  a  strong  foothold  in  Boston ;  and  in  fact, 
as  a  centre  of  science,  she  ranks  the  first  city  in  America,  and  of  art  second 
to  none,  not  excepting  even  New  York.  Besides  Harvard  University  in 
Cambridge,  there  is  in  Boston  a  long  list  of  art  and  scientific  institutions, 
and  clubs  and  societies  devoted  to  the  special  sciences  and  fine  arts. 
The  city,  as  a  corporation,  maintains  various  schools  of  industrial  and 
mechanical  drawing;  and  the  study  of  drawing  is  thoroughly  pursued  in 
all  the  public  schools.  There  is  also  a  school  of  wood-carving  for  boys, 
maintained  by  private  beneficence.  Several  fine  picture-galleries  are  con- 
nected with  the  establishments  of  fine-art  dealers,  and  the  city  is  the  home 
of  a  large  number  of  artists,  many  of  whom  have  national  reputations. 

Of  the  leading  art  and  scientific  institutions,  excepting  the  Institute  of 
Technology,  which  is  referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  educational  institutions, 
comprehensive  sketches  are  given  below. 


98  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  corner  of  Dartmouth  Street  and 
St.  James  Avenue,  is  one  of  the  most  admirable  institutions  of  modern 
Boston,  though  it  is  as  yet  but  the  beginning  of  what  is  to  become  the 
chief  pride  and  delight  of  New  England.  The  accompanying  illustration 
shows  the  building  as  it  will  appear  when  completed.  At  present  only  one- 
fourth  of  it  is  finished,  namely,  the  section  fronting  on  St.  James  Avenue. 
It  is  one  of  the  finest  structures  in  the  city.  The  principal  material  is  red 
brick  ;  and  the  mouldings,  copings,  and  all  the  ornamental  work,  are  of  red 
and  buff  terra-cotta,  imported  from  England.  The  two  large  and  artistically 
executed  reliefs  on  the  facade  represent  various  figures  appropriate  to  such 
a  building.  One  shows  the  "  Genius  of  Art,"  with  illustrations  of  the  art 
and  architecture  of  all  nations,  from  antiquity  to  the  present  day.  Among 
the  figures  representing  the  nations,  America  is  the  only  female  ;  and  she 
holds  in  her  hand  Powers's  "  Greek  slave."  The  other  bas-relief  represents 
"Art  and  Industry "  joined.  In  the  roundels  are  the  heads  of  the  most 
distinguished  artists  and  patrons  of  art ;  the  Americans  being  Copley,  Craw- 
ford, and  Allston.  This  terra-cotta  work  was  the  first  used  on  a  large  scale 
in  America,  and  is  said  to  be  very  durable  and  not  costly.  It  is  certainly 
effective,  and  gives  to  the  exterior  a  rich  and  unique  appearance. 

The  main  entrance  is  given  a  rich  and  handsome  appearance  by  white 
marble  steps,  and  polished  granite  columns,  with  terra-cotta  capitals.  Auto- 
matic recording  turnstiles  admit  the  visitor  to  the  central  hall,  whence  broad 
iron  staircases  ascend  to  the  upper  floor.  The  rooms  on  the  first  floor  are 
devoted  to  statuary  and  antiquities  ;  those  on  the  second  floor  to  paintings, 
engravings,  productions  of  industrial  art,  and  bric-a-brac.  In  the  central 
hall  are  Thomas  G.  Crawford's  statue  of  Orpheus,  Miss  Harriet  Hosmers 
"Will-o'-the-Wisp,"  the  "Young  Columbus"  of  Giulio  Monteverde,  a 
Gobelin  tapestry,  the  "  Triumph  of  France,"  and  various  other  interesting 
objects.  In  the  Egyptian  Room  is  a  valuable  and  interesting  collection  of 
Egyptian  antiquities,  acquired  by  the  late  Robert  Hay  of  Scotland,  pur- 
chased after  his  death,  and  presented  to  the  Museum  by  Charles  Granville 
Way.  This  collection  is  supplemented  by  numerous  fragments  of  sculpture 
collected  in  Egypt  by  the  late  John  Lowell,  the  founder  of  the  Lowell  Insti- 
tute, and  presented  to  the  Museum  by  his  family.  The  mummies  and 
mummy-cases,  with  their  hieroglyphics,  the  scarabasi,  amulets,  sepulchral 
figures,  canopic  vases,  stamped  cones,  and  the  granite  sculptures,  especially 
that  of  the  lion-headed  goddess  Pasht,  form  a  remarkably  instructive  collec- 
tion. 

In  the  First  Greek  Room  are  casts  from  the  oldest  Greek  sculptures,  in- 
cluding the  famous  lions  of  Mycenae  and  two  temple-fronts  from  yEgina. 
Here  also  are  a  collection  of  antiquities  from  the  Island  of  Cyprus,  exca- 
vated by  Gen.  di  Cesnola ;  a  lot  of  vases  and  other  objects  of  Etruscan  art 


ioo  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

presented  by  J.  J.  Dixwell ;  and  a  collection  of  Graeco- Italian  fictile  painted 
vases,  found  by  Alessandro  Castellani  in  the  tombs  of  Etruria  and  Campa- 
nia, presented  by  T.  G.  Appleton  and  Edward  Austin.  In  the  Second 
Greek  Room  are  the  famous  Olympian  casts,  —  casts  of  the  bas-reliefs  from 
the  frieze  of  the  Parthenon  and  from  the  Temple  of  the  Wingless  Victory; 
the  grand  Theseus,  the  river-god  Ilissus,  the  torso  of  Victory,  and  two 
of  the  three  Fates,  from  the  pediments  of  the  Parthenon ;  the  colossal  bust 
of  Jupiter,  from  the  Vatican ;  the  Ludovisi  Mars,  the  Vatican  Mercury,  the 
Venus  of  Milo,  the  Diana  of  Versailles,  Niobe  and  her  daughters,  the 
Apollo  Belvedere,  and  casts  of  the  recent  discoveries  at  Olympia.  The 
most  noticeable  casts  in  the  Third  Greek  Room  are  those  of  the  Dying 
Gladiator,  and  the  Discobolus  (disk-player)  in  action  and  in  repose.  In  the 
Roman  and  Renaissance  Room,  are  Michael  Angelo's  "  Day  "  and  "  Night," 
his  head  of  David,  the  Laocoon,  and  the  reliefs  attributed  to  Scopas  and 
Alcamenes.  Almost  all  the  casts  in  the  three  Greek  rooms  and  the  Roman 
and  Renaissance  Room  belong  to  the  Athenaeum,  or  were  purchased  by  the 
Museum  with  the  proceeds  of  the  Charles  Sumner  bequest.  On  the  land- 
ing of  the  staircase  is  a  cast  of  the  Ariadne  of  the  Vatican.  Up  stairs,  in 
the  hall,  hangs  Turner's  famous  painting,  "  The  Slave  Ship,"  which  is 
loaned  to  the  Museum.  The  visitor,  after  looking  at  the  canvas  with  his 
own  eyes,  should  read  Ruskin's  lurid  description  that  is  printed  on  cards, 
and  then  look  on  it  through  Ruskin's  eyes.  "It  is  a  poetical  picture,  and 
no  simple  rendering  of  nature,  but  a  passionate  expression  of  the  devilish 
horrors  of  the  slave-trade,"  writes  Thomas  G.  Appleton  in  his  interesting 
little  book  called  "A  Companion  to  the  Catalogue."  In  the  same  hall  are 
many  interesting  objects,  among  which  are  a  pulpit-door,  inlaid  with  ivory 
and  ebony,  from  a  mosque  at  Cairo ;  a  cast  of  the  second  bronze  gate  at  the 
Baptistery  at  Florence  ;  bronze  half-figures  of  Virgil  and  Dante ;  marble 
busts  of  Raphael  and  Rubens  ;  the  famous  painting  "  Belshazzar's  Feast " 
by  Allston :  Benjamin  West's  "  King  Lear ;  "  the  Dowse  collection  of  Eng- 
lish water-color  drawings,  chiefly  copies  of  the  old  masters,  bequeathed  to 
the  Athenaeum  by  the  late  Thomas  Dowse ;  and  Millet's  pastels  and  water- 
colors. 

The  large  picture-gallery  contains  many  fine  paintings,  including  the 
Athenaeum  collection,  the  Sumner  bequest,  and  numerous  works  of  art 
loaned  by  private  citizens.  The .  catalogue  shows,  that  among  the  artists 
represented  are  Stuart,  Copley,  Allston,  Smibert,  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
Gainsborough,  Rubens,  Dow,  Corot,  Troyon,  Courbet,  Fromentin,  Le  Brun, 
Greuze,  Guido,  Correggio,  Guercino,  Velasquez,  Boughton,  and  several  living- 
American  painters.  Gilbert  Stuart's  Washington  and  several  of  the  French 
pictures  are  worthy  of  attention.  The  loan  collection  in  the  next  room  is 
remarkably  interesting,  and  includes  three  fine  specimens  of  tapestry,  once 


KING'S    HAND/WOK    OF    BOSTON.  101 

the  property  of  Louis  Philippe,  loaned  by  the  late  George  O.  Hovey;  Persian 
fabrics,  and  small  arras  tapestry;  a  very  complete  display  of  pottery  and 
porcelain,  including  majolica  and  Robbia  ware  ;  and  a  rich  collection  of 
Chinese,  Japanese,  celadon,  Dresden,  Copenhagen,  Berlin,  Vienna,  Rouen, 
Sevres,  Delft,  Wedgwood,  Chelsea,  Worcestershire,  Derby,  and  other  wares, 
with  an  equally  full  collection  of  pottery.  Other  cases  in  this  room  contain 
Chinese  and  Japanese  articles,  metal-work,  cloissonne  enamel,  electrotype 
reproductions  from  objects  in  the  South  Kensington  Museum,  Limoges 
enamels,  medals,  and  bronzes,  German  and  Venetian  glass,  embroideries, 
silk  textiles,  and  laces.  The  Lawrence  Room  is  fitted  with  ancient  oak 
panelling  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  presented  by  Mrs.  Lawrence.  It 
was  intended  to  have  a  Lawrence  Room  containing  a  valuable  collection  of 
ancient  armor  bequeathed  to  the  Athenaeum  by  Col.  T.  B.  Lawrence  ;  but 
the  armor  was  destroyed  during  the  Great  Fife.  In  this  room  are  some  fine 
old  pieces  of  sculptured  wood  furniture,  Italian  bronzes  of  the  Renaissance 
period,  arms  and  armor,  and  other  objects.  In  the  next  room  is  the  Gray 
collection  of  engravings  bequeathed  to  Harvard  University  by  the  late 
Francis  C.  Gray,  and  placed  in  the  Museum  by  the  president  and  fellows, 
and  also  the  engravings  bequeathed  by  Charles  Sumner,  nine  specimens  of 
Chinese  engraving,  and  a  cartoon  by  Delaroche,  called  "  Christ  the  Hope 
and  Support  of  the  Afflicted."  With  this  room  the  tour  of  the  Museum 
terminates.     Now  for  a  brief  history  of  the  institution. 

The  land  on  which  the  Museum  stands  was  given  to  the  city  by  the 
Boston  Water  Power  Company,  to  be  used  either  as  a  public  square  or  as 
the  site  of  a  museum  of  fine  arts.  The  lot,  containing  91,000  square  feet, 
and  surrounded  by  streets  on  every  side,  was  granted  by  the  city  to  the 
trustees  in  1870,  the  year  in  which  the  corporation  was  formed.  About 
#250,000  was  raised  by  a  public  subscription ;  and  the  first  section  of  the 
building,  the  architects  of  which  are  Sturgis  &  Brigham,  was  begun  in  1871, 
completed  and  opened  in  1876.  That  portion  of  the  building  is  but  one- 
fourth  of  what  the  whole  quadrangle  will  be  when  completed,  with  its  two 
great  courts. 

In  1878  the  institution  asked  the  public  for  only  an  additional  subscrip- 
tion of  $100,000,  but  $125,000  was  subscribed  ;  whereupon  work  was  at  once 
begun,  and  by  Oct.  1,  1878,  the  St.  James  Avenue  front  was  all  roofed  in. 
The  new  section  will  be  opened  in  the  spring  of  1879.  The  corporation  is 
administered  by  a  board  of  trustees,  to  which  are  added  persons  annually 
chosen  to  represent  Harvard  University,  the  Institute  of  Technology,  the 
Lowell  Institute,  the  Public  Library,  and  the  Athenaeum,  also  ex  officio 
the  mayor,  the  superintendent  of  public  schools,  and  the  secretary  of  the 
State  board  of  education.  The  officers  are  a  president,  treasurer,  secre- 
tary, honorary  director,   and    curator.      There    are    executive,  finance,  and 


102  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

museum  committees.  The  Museum  is  open  daily.  On  Saturdays,  from  9 
a.m.  to  5  p.m.,  and  Sundays  from  1  to  5  p.m.,  the  admission  is  free ;  at 
other  times  twenty-five  cents  is  charged.  During  the  first  nine  months 
of  1878  the  number  of  visitors  was  about  100,000.  In  the  Museum  building 
a  School  of  Drawing  and  Painting  has  been  established,  with  day  and  even- 
ing classes,  under  instruction  of  Otto  Grundmann  and  Wm.  Rimmer,  and 
has  proved  very  prosperous.  Schools  of  embroidery,  wood-carving,  and 
modelling,  and  decorative  art,  were  also  established  in  1878.  While  the 
Museum  owns  many  of  the  objects  exhibited,  almost  an  equal  number  are 
simply  loaned  by  individuals  or  other  corporations.  Such  loans  as  the 
Athenaeum  collections  of  pictures  and  casts,  and  the  Gray  collection  of 
engravings,  are  permanent ;  but  the  property  of  individuals  is  frequently 
placed  in  the  Museum  for  a  certain  period,  and  then  reclaimed,  so  that  the 
catalogue  is  subject  to  frequent  revisions.  Martin  Brimmer  is  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees;  Henry  P.  Kidder,  treasurer;  Charles  C.  Perkins, 
honorary  director ;  Charles  G.  Loring,  curator  ;  and  E.  H.  Greenleaf,  secre- 
tary. 

The  Boston  Art  Club,  at  64  Boylston  Street,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Boston  Common,  was  organized  in  1855,  as  the  result  of  a  desire  manifested 
among  the  artists  of  Boston,  and  others  whose  inclinations  and  professions 
led  them  in  the  direction  of  art-culture,  to  meet  with  one  another  to  further 
their  common  end.  The  club  has  fine  picture-galleries  in  which  exhibitions 
of  fine  art  are  held  in  the  winter  and  spring  of  each  year.  Charles  C.  Per- 
kins is  president;  Gilbert  Attwood,  vice-president;  John  K.  Rogers,  treas- 
urer; Francis  A.  Dewson,  secretary;  and  Arthur  G.  Davis,  librarian. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Decorative  Art,  organized  in  1878,  occupies 
rooms  at  48  Boylston  Street,  which  are  let  without  charge  to  the  society  by 
J.  Huntington  Wolcott.  The  objects  form  an  interesting  exhibition  of  needle- 
work and  decorated  porcelain  and  pottery.  The  society  sells  these  articles, 
and  lends  models  and  books  to  students;  and  a  committee  provides  instruc- 
tion in  wood-carving  and  art-embroidery.  It  is  in  correspondence  and  has 
intimate  relations  with  the  New-York  Society,  but  is  an  independent  organi- 
zation. 

The  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  has  its  rooms  in  the  Athe- 
naeum Building.  It  is,  with  one  exception,  the  oldest  scientific  society  in 
America,  and  stands  to  the  United  States  in  a  relation  similar  to  that  held 
by  the  famous  academies  of  France,  England,  Germany,  and  other  European 
nations,  to  their  respective  countries.  It  was  founded  in  1780:  and  among 
its  principal  early  members  were  Benjamin  Franklin,  James  Bowdoin,  John 
Adams,  John  Hancock,  John  Ouincy  Adams,  Josiah  Ouincy,  Nathaniel  Bow- 
ditch,  John  T.  Kirkland,  Samuel  Dexter,  and  others  eminent  in  science  and 
literature.    It  has  members  in  all  sections  of  the  Union,  including  the  leading 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


°3 


scholars  and  scientists  of  the  country,  and  also  a  large  number  of  honorary 
members  in  Europe.  The  society  has  charge  of  the  awarding  of  the  Rum- 
ford  medals,  which  are  paid  for  from  a  fund  given  to  it  in  1796  by  Count 
Rumford,  to  be  devoted  to  the  proper  recognition  of  important  discoveries 
in  heat  and  light  made  on  the  American  continent  or  the  adjacent  islands. 
The  medals  have  been  awarded  but  eight  times.  The  president  of  the 
society  is  Charles  Francis  Adams. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  occupies  a  large  brick  building, 
with  freestone  trimmings,  on  Berkeley  Street,  between  Boylston  and  New- 
bury Streets.  The  structure,  which  is  80  feet  high  and  has  a  front  of  105 
feet,  is  adorned  by  Corinthian  columns  and  capitals.  Over  the  entrance  is  a 
carved  head  of  Cuvier  and  the  society's  seal ;  and  heads  of  various  animals 
are  carved  on  the  keystones  of  all  the  windows.  A  sculptured  eagle  sur- 
mounts the  pediment.  The  land  on  which  the  building  stands  was  granted 
by  the  State.  On  the  first  floor  are  a  lecture-room,  library,  secretary's 
office,  and  rooms  devoted  to  geological  and  mineralogical  specimens.  On 
the  second  floor  is  a  large  hall,  60  feet  high,  with  balconies,  and  several  other 
rooms,  in  which  a  grand  and  valuable  collection  of  birds,  shells,  insects, 
plants,  skeletons,  and  other  objects  of  interest  are  on  view.  The  museum 
is  open  to  the  public  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays.  The  society  holds  fre- 
quent meet- 
ings, publish- 
es books  on 
natural  his- 
tory, and  pro- 
vides lecture- 
courses  in  the 
season.  It 
was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 83 1, 
and  formerly 
occupied  a 
building  on 
Mason  Street. 
The  late* Dr. 
W.  J.  Walker 
was  its  chief 
benefactor, 

crivincr    to    thp  ~^e  Boston  Society  of  Natural    History,    Berkeley  Street. 

association  at  various  times  a  sum  aggregating  nearly  $200,000.  The  present 
building,  erected  in  1864,  cost  about  $100,000.  The  president  is  Thomas 
T.  Bouve  ;  custodian,  Alpheus  Hyatt ;  secretary,  Edw-ard  Burgess ;  treas- 
urer, Charles  W.  Scudder  ;  and  librarian,  Edward  Burgess. 


104  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Warren  Museum  of  Natural  History  is  at  92  Chestnut  Street.  It 
was  founded  by  Dr.  John  C.  Warren  in  1846.  The  present  fireproof  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1849,  and  the  institution  was  incorporated  in  1858.     The 

skeleton    of    the  great    mastodon, — the  most  perfect   specimen    known, 

discovered  in  1846  near  the  Hudson  River,  at  Newburgh,  gives  peculiar  in- 
terest to  the  collection.  The  skeleton  was  bought  by  Dr.  Warren,  shortly- 
after  its  discovery,  and  now  stands  in  the  lower  hall.  Close  by  is  a  skeleton 
elephant,  and  a  skeleton  horse,  for  the  purpose  of  comparison.  The  collec- 
tions are  otherwise  exceedingly  valuable.  Persons  wishing  to  visit  the 
Museum  should  apply  to  Dr.  J.  Collins  Warren,  58  Beacon  Street,  or  Dr. 
Thomas  Dwight,  70  Beacon  Street. 

The  Musical  Societies  of  Boston,  notably  the  Handel  and  Haydn  So- 
ciety, and  the  Harvard  Musical  Association,  enjoy  a  wide  reputation,  and 
have  contributed  much  towards  the  cultivation  of  the  musical  taste  of  the 
public,  which  has  the  name  of  being  intelligently  critical  and  of  a  high 
order. 

The  Handel  and  Haydn  Society  is  the  oldest  musical  organization  in 
the  United  States,  and  is  the  leading  choral  society  in  this  country,  if  not  in 
the  world.  It  was  founded  in  181 5,  and  consists  of  a  large  mixed  chorus 
numbering  now  about  600  voices.  It  is  devoted  to  the  performance  of  ora- 
torio and  other  choral  music  of  an  earnest  character.  During  the  63  sea- 
sons since  its  organization  it  has  given  nearly  600  concerts,  the  programmes 
of  which  have  included  works  by  nearly  all  the  most  eminent  composers. 
Since  the  opening  of  the  Music  Hall,  in  1852,  it  has  given  its  concerts  in 
that  place.  The  society  took  part  in  the  opening  ceremonies  at  the  New- 
York  Crystal  Palace  in  1854,  and  also  in  a  series  of  concerts  in  conjunction 
with  the  Thomas  Orchestra  given  in  Steinway  Hall  in  1873.  In  1868  it 
gave  its  first  great  triennial  festival,  which  lasted  a  whole  week,  perform- 
ances being  given  afternoons  and  evenings.  These  festivals  have  been 
regularly  kept  up,  the  last  one  having  been  given  in  1877.  Carl  Zerrahn 
has  been  conductor  of  the  society  since  1854.  The  headquarters  are  in  the 
Music-Hall  building,  and  the  rehearsals  are  held  in  Bumstead  Hall. 

The  Harvard  Musical  Association,  a  society  whose  work  in  advancing 
the  cause  of  good  music  in  Boston  can  hardly  be  over-estimated,  was  organ- 
ized in  1837.  Its  beginning  was  very  unpretentious.  A  few  graduates  of 
Harvard,  who  in  their  college  days  had  been  members  of  the  little  music 
club  called  the  "  Pierian  Sodality,'''  chanced  to  meet,  on  Exhibition  Day  in 
July,  1837,  with  several  of  their  undergraduate  successors  in  the  institution; 
and,  in  the  course  of  a  pleasant  conversation  on  music  topics,  the  idea  was 
broached  of  forming  a  union  between  past  and  present  members.  The 
proposition  met  with  favor;  and  on  the  following  Commencement  Day,  Aug. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  105 

30,  1837,  the  association  was  formed.  After  awhile  the  sphere  of  the  or- 
ganization was  enlarged,  and  the  headquarters  were  removed  to  Boston. 
The  annual  dinners  of  the  association  have  been  important  features ;  and  to 
these  occasions  some  of  the  foremost  music  enterprises  of  Boston  owe 
their  birth.  Among  these  were  the  building  of  the  Music  Hall,  the  estab- 
lishment of  "  Dwight's  Journal  of  Music,"  and  the  giving  of  classical  con- 
certs in  regular  series.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  association  was  given  the 
first  regular  course  of  chamber  concerts  in  Boston  ;  and  these  were  suc- 
ceeded by  the  famous  Symphony  Concerts,  now  in  their  fourteenth  season. 
These  met  with  extraordinary  success  at  the  start,  and  added  considerably 
to  the  association's  funds,  for  concerts  and  for  the  enlargement  of  its  tine- 
library  of  music.  John  S.  Dwight  has  been  president  of  the  association  for 
several  years  ,  and  Charles  C.  Perkins,  vice-president. 

The  Apollo  Club  was  formed  in  1871,  and  incorporated  in  1873,  *or  tne 
performance  of  part-songs  and  choruses  for  male  voices.  It  was  started  by 
a  few  leading  singers  in  church  choirs  in  this  city,  and  during  its  first  year 
was  composed  of  52  active  (singing)  members,  and  500  associate  (or  subscrib- 
ing) members,  who,  for  an  annual  assessment,  receive  tickets  to  all  the  con- 
certs given  by  the  club.  The  number  of  active  members  has  varied  from  60 
to  70;  and  the  number  of  associate  members  has  always  remained  500,  that 
limit  having  been  set  at  the  formation  of  the  club.  No  public  concerts  are 
given,  and  no  tickets  to  its  performances  are  sold.  It  has,  on  a  few  occa- 
sions, sung  in  a  semi-public  manner,  by  request  of  the  authorities  of  the 
State  or  the  City  —  as  at  the  funeral  of  Charles  Sumner,  the  centennial  cele- 
bration of  Bunker  Hill,  and  the  State  reception  to  President  Hayes  in  1877. 
B.  J.  Lang  has  been  its  music  director  since  its  formation.  Its  member- 
ship has  mcluded  some  of  the  finest  vocalists  of  this  neighborhood  among 
its  active  members,  and  many  of  the  best  citizens  among  its  associates.  Its 
success  has  been  such  that  similar  clubs  have  been  formed  all  over  the 
country,  several  taking  the  same  name.  It  has  convenient  club-rooms,  and 
a  small  hall  for  its  private  weekly  rehearsals,  at  151  Tremont  Street.  Its 
concerts  are  generally  given  in  the  Music  Hall. 

The  Boylston  Club  was  organized  in  1872.  It  was  first  for  the  study  of 
music  for  male  voices  ;  but  in  1876  an  auxiliary  chorus  of  ladies  was  added. 
As  now  completed,  it  consists  of  about  90  gentlemen  and  90  ladies.  Its 
purpose  is  to  study  and  to  give  at  its  public  performances  only  such  works 
of  the  ancient  and  modern  composers  as  stand  highest  in  the  literature  of 
music.  Its  first  public  appearance  was  Feb.  21,  1873.  J.  B.  Sharland  was 
the  first,  and  George  L.  Osgood  is  the  present,  director. 

The  Cecilia  Society  was  organized  in  1874  as  an  auxiliary  of  the  Har- 
vard Musical  Association.  It  consists  of  a  mixed  chorus  of  about  100 
voices,  picked  from  the  best  solo  singers  in  Boston.     Through  its  first  two 


106  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

seasons  the  society  took  part  in  seven  of  the  Harvard  Symphony  Concerts ; 
but  in  1876  the  connection  with  the  Harvard  Association  was  dissolved, 
and  the  society  re-organized  on  a  basis  similar  to  that  of  the  Apollo  and 
Boylston  Clubs.  About  250  members  were  received ;  and  these,  in  consid- 
eration of  tickets  to  the  concerts  of  the  society,  bear  its  expenses.  Several 
concerts  are  given  in  the  course  of  each  season  ;  and  entrance  to  them  is 
secured  only  by  membership,  or  by  invitation  of  members.  Since  its  organi- 
zation the  society  has  sung  compositions  of  Mendelssohn,  Schumann,  Du- 
rante, Weber,  Gade,  Schubert,  Bach,  Max  Bruch,  Hoffmann,  Liszt,  Handel, 
Rheinberger,  and  others. 

The  Orpheus  Musical  Society  is  the  leading  musical  association  among 
the  Germans  of  Boston.  It  was  organized  in  1848,  and  at  the  start  con- 
sisted exclusively  of  Germans ;  but  as  their  number  in  those  days  in  Boston 
was  small  its  beginning  was  rather  humble,  and  in  marked  contrast  with  its 
present  prosperous  circumstances.  The  excellence  of  the  German  music, 
and  the  delightful  sociability  that  characterized  the  institution,  made  it 
remarkably  attractive  to  the  American  friends  of  the  members  ;  and  they 
were  finally  admitted  to  associate  membership,  and  even  to  full  membership, 
when  their  mastery  of  German  proved  such  as  to  enable  them  to  join  in  the 
singing.  The  society  is  composed  almost  half  of  Americans.  While  the 
tone  of  the  institution  is  still  thoroughly  German,  the  singing  being  kept 
exclusively  in  that  language,  out  of  courtesy  to  the  American  members  the 
official  proceedings  are  now  conducted  and  the  records  kept  in  English. 
The  society,  during  each  season,  gives  several  concerts  in  its  rooms,  which 
are  also  often  the  scene  of  other  pleasant  festivities.  It  differs  from  most 
other  musical  organizations  of  the  city  in  giving  greater  prominence  to 
sociable  and  convivial  features.  The  society  takes  a  leading  part  in  the 
reception  of  distinguished  Germans  who  visit  Boston.  Ottomar  Wallburg 
is  now  its  president,  and  Julius  Eichberg  has  been  the  music  director  for 
many  years. 

Other  Prominent  German  Musical  Societies  are  the  Singing  Section  of 
the  Turnverein,  the  Harugari  Liederkranz,  the  Helvetia,  the  Concordia,  the 
Roxbury  Mannerchor,  the  Liederkranz,  and  the  South  Boston  Liedertafel. 
All  these  are  joined  in  a  federal  organization  called  the  Deutscher  Sanger- 
bund,  which  gives  a  grand  concert  once  each  year  and  also  a  festival  picnic 
in  the  summer. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  107 


Efte  Brain  of  tije  (£ttg* 

THE    UNIVERSITIES,    COLLEGES,    PUBLIC    SCHOOLS,   AND   OTHER 
EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  educational  institutions  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity  have,  from  the 
earliest  days,  maintained  a  most  prominent  and  enviable  position. 
After  them  have  been  patterned  many  of  the  educational  institutions  of 
other  cities  of  this  country,  and  to  them  it  has  long  been  the  custom  of  the 
patriotic  Bostonian  to  "point  with  pride."  This  position  has  been  won  by 
constant  care  and  attention,  a  wise  and  liberal  management,  and  a  generous 
and  intelligent  expenditure  of  money.  Boston  was  the  first  to  establish, 
nearly  250  years  ago,  free  schools,  open  alike  to  all,  since  which  time  her 
schools  have  been  most  jealously  fostered  and  cherished ;  and  now  there 
exist  within  her  limits  public  schools  giving  instruction  to  about  52,000 
pupils,  at  a  cost  for  salaries  alone  of  $1,215,782,  and  an  annual  expenditure 
of  over  $1,500,000,  one  university  (the  Boston  University),  one  college  (the 
Boston  College),  one  polytechnic  school  (the  Institute  of  Technology),  and 
one  normal  art  school,  besides  nearly  100  private  schools,  and  several  free 
denominational  schools.  There  are  also  a  number  of  special  schools,  some 
of  which  have  particularly  interesting  features.  In  her  immediate  neighbor- 
hood are  the  great  University  at  Cambridge,  —  the  first  university  in  the  new 
country,  which  stands  to-day  the  best-endowed  and  the  most  extensive  insti- 
tution of  the  kind  in  America;  Wellesley  College,  at  Wellesley;  and  Tufts 
College,  on  College  Hill,  on  the  line  dividing  Somerville  from  Medford. 
This  chapter  will  contain  sketches  of  some  of  the  many  prominent  and  char- 
acteristic educational  institutions  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

Harvard  University  was  founded  in  1638,  and  is  still  administered  under 
the  charter  granted  in  1650.  The  principal  seat  of  the  university  is  at 
Cambridge ;  but  three  departments,  the  Medical  School,  Dental  School,  and 
Bussey  Institution  (a  school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture),  are  situated  in 
Boston.  Through  the  men  who  have  been  trained  within  its  walls,  the  insti- 
tution has  had  an  important  part  in  forming  the  character  and  establishing 
the  fame  of  Boston ;  and  it  has  itself  been  deeply  influenced  in  turn  by  the 
strong  public  spirit  of  Boston,  and  has  been  built  up  and  directed  largely 
by  Boston  men.  For  two  generations  after  the  settlement  of  the  country, 
Harvard  was  the  only  college  in  New  England ;  and  almost  all  the  native- 
born  clergy  were  educated  there,  the  clergy  being  the  ruling  class.     A  large 


108  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

proportion  of  the  families  which  have  been  eminent  in  Boston  and  Massa- 
chusetts are  families  whose  sons,  in  several  generations,  have  been  trained 
at  Harvard.  Among  the  scores  of  such  family-names,  those  of  Adams, 
Lowell,  Mather,  Otis,  Prescott,  Saltonstall,  Warren,  and  Winthrop  may  be 
mentioned  as  having  not  only  a  local,  but  a  national,  reputation.  Among 
individuals  who  were  conspicuous  in  Boston  in  their  day,  and  earned  a  fame 
which  outlasts  their  generation,  such  men  as  Increase  Mather,  James  Bow- 
doin,  John  Hancock,  John  Quincy  Adams,  William  Ellery  Channing,  and 
Charles  Sumner  come  at  once  to  mind,  all  of  whom  are  identified  with  the 
history  of  Harvard  by  the  love  they  bore  her  and  the  services  they  rendered 
her. 

The  prevailing  intellectual  tone  or  temper  of  the  university,  like  that  of 
the  town  of  Boston,  has  always  been  free.  The  university  is  hospitable  to 
all  religious  and  political  opinions;  but  its  inclination,  and  that  of  a  majority 
of  its  graduates,  from  the  earliest  times,  has  uniformly  been  towards  the  side 
of  liberty  in  Church  and  State.  The  particular  manifestation  of  this  inclina- 
tion has  changed  from  generation  to  generation,  but  the  tendency  has  been 
constant  and  plain  to  be  seen. 

While  cherished  and  honored  by  the  State,  Harvard  University  has  been, 
from  the  first,  a  private,  incorporated  institution,  supported,  in  the  main,  first 
by  the  fees  paid  by  its  students,  and  secondly  by  the  income  of  permanent 
funds  given  by  benevolent  individuals.  At  present  (1878)  the  value  of  its 
lands,  buildings,  collections,  and  invested  funds  is  roughly  estimated  at 
$6,000,000.  In  the  year  ending  Sept.  1,  1877,  its  receipts  from  students  for 
instruction  were  $204,319.44,  its  total  income  being  $544,878.17.  It  has  125 
teachers  (of  whom  52  are  professors),  besides  26  librarians,  proctors,  and 
other  officers.  It  counts  1,344  students,  of  whom  980  are  pursuing  liberal 
studies,  and  464  professional. 

The  government  of  Harvard  University  may  be  briefly  described  as 
follows  :  The  legal  title  of  the  corporation  is  the  "  President  and  Fellows 
of  Harvard  College."  The  corporation,  —  consisting  of  the  president,  fel- 
lows (five  in  number),  and  treasurer, — and  the  board  of  overseers  (thirty- 
two  in  number),  are  the  governing  powers  of  the  whole  university,  which 
comprehends  the  following  departments:  Harvard  College,  the  Divinity 
School,  the  Law  School,  the  Medical  School,  the  Dental  School,  the  Law- 
rence Scientific  School,  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  the  Bussey 
Institution,  the  college  library,  and  the  astronomical  observatory.  The  Pea- 
body  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology  is  a  constituent  part 
of  the  university ;  but  its  relations  to  it  are  affected  by  peculiar  provisions. 
The  twenty-second  president  of  Harvard  is  Charles  W.  Eliot,  who  has  filled 
the  executive  chair  for  the  past  ten  years.  It  is  within  the  scope  of  this 
work  to  mention  only  those  Harvard  buildings  that  are  inside  the  limits  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


09 


Boston;  but  all  of  the  numerous  buildings  used  by  the  university  are  briefly 
described  and  fully  illustrated  in  a  neat  hand-book,  entitled  "  Harvard  and  its 
Surroundings."  No  catalogue  is  issued  by  the  university,  but  an  official 
catalogue,  containing  information  regarding  all  departments  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  complete  lists  of  the  officers,  faculty,  and  students,  is  published 
by  Charles  W.  Sever,  proprietor  of  the  University  Bookstore,  Cambridge. 

The  Bussey  Institution  is  at  Jamaica  Plain,  near  Forest-Hills  Station, 
on  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad.  It  is  a  school  of  agriculture  and 
horticulture,  and  was  established  as  a  department  of  Harvard  University, 
under  trusts  created  by  the  will  of  Benjamin  Bussey  of  Roxbury.  In  1870 
the  school  was  organized;  and  during  the  same  year  a  commodious  building 
of  Roxbury  pudding-stone,  112  by  73  feet,  in  the  Victoria  Gothic  architec- 
ture, was  erected.  By  the  end  of  the  next  year  greenhouses  and  sheds 
were  built,  the  grounds  and  avenues  laid  out,  and  a  water-supply  provided. 


The  Bussey  Institution,  Jamaica  Plain. 


The  main  building  contains  an  office,  a  library  of  2,000  special  books,  recita- 
tion and  collection  rooms,  and  a  laboratory,  with  storerooms  and  a  glass- 
house attached.  The  cost  of  putting  up  and  furnishing  these  buildings  was 
$62,000.  In  1872  the  University  received  $100,000  from  James  Arnold  of 
New  Bedford,  who  left  that  sum  to  establish  in  the  Bussey  Institution  a 
professorship  of  tree-culture,  and  to  create  an  arboretum  which  will  ulti- 
mately contain  all  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants  that  can  grow  there 
in  the  open  air.  The  whole  of  the  Bussey  estate  recently  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  University.      It  comprises  360  acres,  of  which  137  acres  have 


I  IO 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


been  specified  for  the  arboretum,  and  are  now  being  laid  out  with  walks  and 
roadways.  With  the  natural  beauties  of  the  estate  it  will,  as  an  open  park, 
make  a  delightful  resort.  The  dean  of  the  Bussey  Institution  is  Professor 
Francis  H.  Storer. 

The  Harvard  Dental  School  is  at  50  Allen  Street,  a  short  distance  from 
the  Harvard  Medical  School.  Its  basis  of  instruction  is  greatly  different 
from  that  of  other  dental  schools.  Here  the  terms  of  the  Dental  School 
coincide  with  those  of  the  other  departments  of  the  university,  and  last  for 
nine,  instead  of  the  usual  four  months  ;  and  the  course  is  a  progressive  one 
of  two  years,  no  part  of  the  instruction  of  the  first  year  being  repeated  in 
the  second.  Before  the  student  can  enter  upon  his  second  year  he  must 
pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in  the  studies  of  the  first  year,  which  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  first  year  in  the  Medical  School,  and  under  the 
same  professors.  Three  years  of  study  are  necessary  for  admission  to 
examination  for  a  degree,  but  one  year  can  be  passed  under  a  private 
instructor.  The  faculty  includes  sixteen  instructors,  of  whom  six  are  pro- 
fessors. The  dean  of  the  Dental  School  is  Dr.  T.  H.  Chandler,  whose 
office  is  at  222  Tremont  Street. 


The  Harvard  Medical  School,  North  Grove  Street. 

The  Harvard  Medical  School  was  founded  in  1782,  as  the  result  of  a 
very  successful  course  of  lectures  delivered  in  Cambridge  before  the  Boston 
Medical  Society  by  Dr.  John  Warren,  a  brother  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren. 
The  school  was  carried  on  in  Cambridge  until  1810,  when  it  was  removed 
to  Boston,  "  to  secure  those  advantages  for  clinical  instruction  and  for  the 
study  of  practical  anatomy  which  are  found  only  in  large  cities."  In  1816 
it  took  possession  of  a  building  erected  on  Mason  Street,  by  means  of  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  in 

grant  obtained  from  the  State,  expressly  for  medical  instruction.  There  it 
remained  until  1846,  when  the  three-story  brick  building  now  used  was  built 
on  North  Grove  Street,  upon  land  given  by  Ur.  George  Parkman.  This 
building,  which  adjoins  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  contains  chem- 
ical laboratories,  bath-room,  and  apparatus  for  more  than  100  students; 
microscopical  and  physiological  laboratories  ;  medical  and  clinical  lecture- 
rooms  ;  professors'  and  demonstrators'  rooms ;  a  library  of  2,500  medical 
works;  an  anatomical  theatre;  and  a  museum  hall.  In  the  museum  hall  is 
kept  the  Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  of  which  the  original  collection, 
accompanied  by  $6,000  for  its  care  and  increase,  was  given  by  Dr.  John 
Collins  Warren.  The  museum,  which  has  received  many  generous  dona- 
tions, is  to-day  one  of  the  best  of  its  kind  in  this  country.  It  contains  a 
very  extensive  and  carefully  arranged  cabinet,  deposited  by  the  Boston 
Society  for  Medical  Improvement.  A  new  building  is  needed,  and  it  will 
be  erected  as  soon  as  a  site  can  be  selected,  more  than  $150,000  having 
already  been  secured  for  this  purpose.  The  school,  which  has  241  stu- 
dents and  36  instructors,  including  12  professors,  is  in  a  flourishing  condi- 
tion.    The  dean  of  the  Medical  School  is  Dr.  Calvin  Ellis. 

Wellesley  College  has  unquestionably  the  largest  and  handsomest  build- 
ing in  the  world  devoted  exclusively  to  the  higher  education  of  women. 
It  is  situated  in  the  beautiful  village  of  Wellesley,  about  15  miles  from  the 
Boston  City  Hall,  on  Lake  Waban.  The  grounds  comprise  300  acres,  which 
had  for  many  years  been  cultivated  as  a  gentleman's  country-seat,  and 
remind  one  of  an  English  park  or  an  American  landscape.  The  building, 
with  its  wings,  is  475  feet  long,  four  and  five  stories  high.  It  is  of  brick, 
trimmed  with  freestone.  This  building,  designed  by  Hammatt  Billings,  the 
"  artist  architect,"  and  considered  by  him  his  masterpiece,  is  celebrated  for 
its  superb  architecture  and  perfect  construction.  The  college  has  been 
successful  ever  since  it  was  opened  in  1875.  The  number  of  students  is 
330,  —  the  largest  number  at  any  female  college  in  the  world.  The  standard 
of  study  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  foremost  colleges  for  young  men.  The 
library,  which  now  contains  20,000  volumes,  has  a  capacity  of  100,000  vol- 
umes. The  apparatus,  cabinets,  and  laboratories  are  extensive,  and  fully 
up  to  the  requirements  of  modern  science.  The  six  distinct  courses  of 
study  are  as  follows :  the  general  collegiate,  the  courses  for  honors  in 
classics,  in  mathematics,  in  modern  languages,  and  in  science,  and  also 
a  five-years'  musical  course.  The  college  is  chartered  by  the  State,  and  is 
empowered  to  confer  all  collegiate  and  honorary  degrees  that  are  con- 
ferred by  any  Massachusetts  college  or  university.  The  College  Aid 
Society  spend  from  $6,000  to  $7,000  a  year  to  assist  poor  girls  to  secure  an 
education.  The  college  is  already  a  national  institution,  drawing  its  stu- 
dents from   nearly  every  State    in    the  Union.      The  average  age   of   the 


112 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


students  is  about  20  years.     The  number  of  teachers  is  30.     The  president 
is  Ada  L.  Howard. 


Wellesley  College,  Wellesley. 

The  Boston  University,  with  temporary  headquarters  at  18  and  20  Bea- 
con Street,  is  an  institution  founded  by  Isaac  Rich,  Lee  Claflin,  and  Jacob 
Sleeper,  in  1869,  and  includes  at  present  three  colleges,  four  professional 
schools,  and  a  post-graduate  department  of  universal  science.  The  College 
of  Liberal  Arts  was  opened  in  1873.  Its  location  is  in  the  Beacon-street 
building,  between  the  Athenaeum  and  Park  Street.  It  is  distinguished  for 
its  high  requirements  for  admission,  and  for  the  strictness  with  which  it 
limits  itself  to  purely  collegiate  instruction.     For  the  present,  the    college 


114  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

avails  itself  of  the  laboratories  of  the  Institute  of  Technology.  The  Col- 
lege of  Music,  established  in  1872,  is  located  in  the  Music-Hall  building. 
This  is  the  only  institution  of  its  kind  in  America,  being  intended  for  the 
graduates  of  the  ordinary  musical  colleges  and  conservatories.  The  Col- 
lege of  Agriculture  was  established  in  1875  by  an  agreement  with  the  Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural  College  at  Amherst.  The  School  of  Theology,  for- 
merly the  "  Boston  Theological  Seminary,"  36  Bromfield  Street,  was  adopted 
by  the  university  corporation  in  1871.  It  is  the  oldest  theological  school  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  but  has  long  employed  lecturers  of  other 
ecclesiastical  affiliations  also.  The  School  of  Law  was  the  first  in  this 
country  to  present  a  prescribed  three-years' course  of  study,  and  is  the  only 
one  which  limits  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  laws  to  those  candidates  who 
have  already  taken  the  first  degree  in  arts  (A.B.)  The  school  is  at  36 
Bromfield  Street.  The  School  of  Medicine  is  the  only  one  in  the  country 
presenting  courses  of  instruction  four  years  in  duration,  and  which  (at  the 
end  of  three-years'  courses)  confers  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  medicine  or 
bachelor  of  surgery.  It  is  homoeopathic  in  theory,  but  its  statutes  provide 
for  the  co-operation  of  any  incorporated  State  medical  society  in  the  United 
States  in  the  testing  and  graduation  of  students.  A  cut  of  its  building  on 
Concord  Street  is  given  on  another  page.  For  several  years  past  the  whole 
number  of  students  attending  the  Schools  of  Theology,  Law,  and  Medicine 
has  exceeded  the  aggregate  of  the  same  classes  of  students  in  any  other 
American  university.  The  School  of  Oratory  is  in  the  Congregational 
House,  corner  of  Beacon  and  Somerset  Streets.  It  has  a  faculty  of  twelve 
instructors,  and  courses  of  two  and  three  years.  The  crowning  department 
of  the  university  is  the  School  of  All  Sciences,  organized  exclusively  for 
post-graduate  instruction  in  liberal  studies.  With  it  are  associated  the 
faculties  of  the  National  University  at  Athens  and  the  Royal  University  at 
Rome.  It  is  claimed  that  Boston  University  was  the  first  in  the  world  to 
organize  from  the  start  and  throughout  without  respect  to  sex.  Ex-Gov. 
William  Claflin,  LL.D.,  is  president  of  the  board  of  trustees;  and  the  Rev. 
William  F.  Warren,  S.T.D.,  LL.D.,  is  president  of  the  university. 

The  Boston  University  School  of  Medicine  is,  like  all  other  departments 
of  the  Boston  University,  open  alike  to  both  sexes.  It  was  organized  in 
1873  ;  and  in  the  following  year,  by  legislative  act,  the  New-England  Female 
Medical  College,  the  first  school  to  instruct  women  in  medicine,  was  united 
with  it.  This  school  was  one  of  the  first  to  establish  a  regular  graded  course 
of  instruction ;  and  it  has  been  the  constant  aim  of  the  faculty  to  make  this 
instruction  as  thorough,  extensive,  and  practical  as  possible.  For  this  pur- 
pose an  optional  year  has  been  added,  making  the  full  course  four  years, 
with  the  privilege  of  gaining  the  baccalaureate  degree  at  the  end  of  the  third 
year.     The  school  is  situated  on  East  Concord   Street,  opposite  the   City 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  115 

Hospital,  and  close  by  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  It  has 
spacious  grounds  with  large  and  convenient  buildings,  a  library  of  2,000 
volumes,  museum,  chemical  and  microscopical  laboratories,  and  extensive 
apparatus  for  teaching  and  illustration.  From  its  proximity  to  hospitals  and 
dispensaries,  it  gives  its  students  excellent  facilities  for  practical  observation 
and  instruction.  .  The  faculty  includes  27  professors,  lecturers,  and  instruct- 
ors ;  and,  although  many  of  these  are  prominent  homoeopathic  physicians, 
yet  every  department  of  medicine,  surgery,  and  the  collateral  sciences  re- 
ceives proper  attention.  The  success  of  this  school  has  been  quite  remark- 
able :  upwards  of  400  students  have  been  in  attendance  ;  and  in  the  past  five 
years  it  has  graduated  153  physicians,  —  104  men  and  49  women,  —  nearly 
all  of  whom  are  now  engaged  in  successful  practice.  The  dean  of  the 
school  is  I.  T.  Talbot,  M.D.,  66  Marlborough  Street. 

Boston  College  was  founded  in  1863  by  the  Fathers  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  and  it  is  conducted  by  them.  It  is  located  on  Harrison  Avenue,  next 
adjoining  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception;  and  the  value  of  its 
building  and  grounds  is  estimated  at  about  $200,000.  The  course  is  long 
and  thorough,  and  classical  studies  occupy  a  prominent  place  in  it.  It  has  a 
corps  of  16  professors  and  other  instructors.  The  number  of  students  is 
120,  and  increases  from  year  to  year.     Robert  Fulton,  S.J.,  is  the  president. 

Tufts  College,  on  College  Hill,  Medford,  is  under  control  of  the  Univer- 
salist  denomination.  It  is  well  endowed,  enjoying  the  revenue  of  nearly 
$1,000,000,  and  has  several  scholarships.  It  has  a  classical  course  of  four 
years,  a  four-years'  course  for  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  philosophy,  a  three- 
years'  engineering  course,  and  a  divinity  school.  The  collegiate  department 
has  11  professors  and  instructors,  and  the  divinity  school  4  professors  and 
instructors  and  3  lecturers.  The  president  is  Elmer  H.  Capen,  who  has 
held  that  office  since  1875.  The  college  was  chartered  in  1852,  and  opened 
in  1854.  It  has  several  commodious  buildings,  and  occupies  one  of  the 
most  sightly  spots  about  Boston. 

The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  was  incorporated  in  1861, 
for  the  purpose  of  instituting  and  maintaining  a  Society  of  Arts,  a  Museum 
of  Arts,  and  a  School  of  Industrial  Science.  The  Society  of  Arts  now 
numbers  between  200  and  300  members,  and  meets  at  its  rooms  in  the 
Institute  building  fortnightly.  The  Museum  has  been  well  started,  and 
includes  models  of  machinery,  casts,  prints,  drawings,  architectural  plans, 
etc.  The  building  is  of  pressed  brick,  with  freestone  trimmings,  and  stands 
on  a  lot  of  land  granted  by  the  State,  bounded  by  Boylston,  Clarendon,  New- 
bury, and  Berkeley  Streets.  The  Institute  receives  government  aid  under 
the  act  of  Congress  designed  to  promote  instruction  in  agriculture,  the 
mechanic  arts,  and  military  science  and  tactics  ;  is  authorized  to  confer 
degrees,  and  is  obliged  to  provide  for  military  instruction.     The  school  has 


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AVJVG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


about  40  instructors  and  300  students.  There  are  nine  courses,  —  those  of 
civil  and  topographical  engineering,  mechanical  engineering,  geology  and 
mining  engineering,  building  and  architecture,  chemistry,  metallurgy,  natural 
history,  science  and  literature,  and  physics.  Each  course  extends  through 
four  years.  A  School  of  Mechanic  Arts,  in  which  special  prominence  is 
given  to  manual  instruction,  has  also  been  established.  The  Institute  has 
a  large  temporary  building  for  shop-work  and  chemistry,  a  gymnasium,  and 


The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boylston  Street. 

a  drill-shed  where  the  students  are  trained  in  military  tactics.  In  the  Insti- 
tute building  proper,  there  are  over  50  rooms,  most  of  them  being  laborato- 
ries or  lecture-rooms  in  the  various  departments.  There  is  also  a  large  and 
elegant  audience-room,  called  Huntington  Hall,  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
900.  A  restaurant  is  kept  in  the  gymnasium.  The  president  of  the  Insti- 
tute is  William  B.  Rogers,  LL.D. 

A  school  of  industrial  design  is  maintained,  in  connection  with  the  Insti- 
tute  of  Technology,  by  the  Lowell  Institute  fund. 

The  Boston  Public  Schools,  according  to  the  recent  report,  comprise 
175  general  and  27  special  schools  in  the  city;  of  the  former,  116  are 
primary,  49  grammar,  9  high,   and   1    normal.     Of  the  special  schools,  the 


KING'S    HANDBOOK-    OK   BOSTON.  117 

two  for  licensed  minors  are  on  North  Margin  Street  and  East-street  Place  ; 
the  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Ueaf  is  on  Warrenton  Street;  and  the  kin- 
dergarten on  Somerset  Street.  The  other  23  are  evening-schools,  for  teach- 
ing the  elementary  and  classical  branches  and  drawing  ;  and  their  annual 
winter  sessions  are  held  in  school  buildings  in  various  parts  of  the  citv. 
In  the  general  schools,  during  the  school  year  1877-78,  there  were  55,412 
pupils,  taught  by  1,244  teachers  ;  70  licensed  minors  and  about  j^  deaf-mutes 
were  also  under  instruction,  besides  36  scholars  in  the  kindergarten.  The 
evening-schools  had  an  average  attendance  of  1,694.  The  salaries  of  the 
teachers  for  the  past  year  amounted  to  $1,157,746.09.  The  system  is  under 
the  control  of  the  mayor,  and  board  of  school  committee,  a  body  of  24 
persons,  8  of  whom  are  chosen  annually  for  a  term  of  three  years.  The 
authority  of  the  board  is  almost  absolute,  even  in  making  appropriations 
from  the  city  treasury;  but  the  real  work  of  managing  the  schools  is  dele- 
gated to  the  superintendent,  Samuel  Eliot,  and  the  supervisors,  Benjamin  F. 
Tweed,  Samuel  W.  Mason,  Ellis  Peterson,  George  M.  Folsom,  John  Knee- 
land,  and  Lucretia  M.  Crocker,  —  a  former  member  of  the  school  committee, 
to  which  women  have  been  eligible  since  1874.  This  board  of  supervisors 
costs  the  city  $26,880  annually.  All  the  general  schools  are  strictly  graded ; 
and  promotions  take  place  twice  a  year,  by  a  system  of  uniform  examina- 
tions. The  course  of  the  primary-school  is  three  years  ;  of  the  grammar- 
school  six  years ;  and  of  the  high-school  three  years,  with  advanced  instruc- 
tion in  the  two  central  high-schools.  When  preparing  for  college,  boys  at 
nine  years  of  age,  and  girls  at  twelve,  are  admitted  to  their  respective  Latin 
schools,  where  the  course  for  the  former  is  eight  years,  and  for  the  latter 
six  years.  The  majority  of  the  primary-schools  throughout  the  city,  and 
nearly  all  suburban  schools,  are  mixed  ;  but  the  tendency  of  the  system  is 
to  separate  the  sexes  in  all  but  the  youngest  classes.  A  new  programme  of 
studies  has  just  been  prepared  by  the  supervisors,  and  sent  to  the  teachers ; 
and  in  this  a  great  amount  of  oral  teaching  is  prescribed,  especially  in  the 
primary-schools.  Grammar  is  superseded  by  what  are  called  language- 
lessons,  and  the  spelling-book  is  abolished.  The  metric  system  is  to  be 
taught,  and  natural  philosophy  and  physiology  are  to  be  taken  up  in  the 
higher  grammar-classes.  Drawing  and  music  have  long  been  regular  studies 
in  all  the  schools,  and  sewing  is  taught  in  the  lower  half  of  the  the  girls' 
grammar-schools. 

The  Boston  Latin-School,  on  Bedford  Street,  is  more  interesting  than 
any  of  the  other  schools,  partly  from  its  character  as  a  preparatory  school 
for  college,  and  partly  from  its  many  traditions.  It  was  founded  in  1635, 
a  long  time  before  any  other  city  school  now  existing,  and  137  years 
before  any  other  school  of  its  class  in  Massachusetts.  Among  its  masters 
were  Ezekiel  Cheever,  for  40  years  ;  John  Lovell,  for  40  years  ;  Benjamin 


n8 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


Apthorp  Gould  ;  Epcs  Sargent  Dixwell ;  and  Francis  Gardner,  who  for  44 
years  acted   as   usher,  sub-master,  and   master.      The   present   master   is 

Moses  Merrill. 
The  graduates 
have  formed 
an  association, 
and  own  a  fine 
library  of  3,- 
000  volumes, 
which  are  kept 
in  the  school- 
building.  The 
school  itself 
owns  a  very 
good  collec- 
tion of  objects 
illustrating  the 
history  and 
topography  of 
Greece  and 
Rome.  In  the 
large    hall    of 

the  school  stands  a  marble  monument  to  the  memory  of  graduates  who  fell 
in  the  civil  war.  The  design  is  by  Richard  Greenough,  and  represents 
Victory  holding  out  the  wreath  which  has  been  earned  by  those  whose 
names  are  inscribed  on  the  pedestal  beneath  her  feet.  The  first  Latin- 
school  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  City  Hall,  from  which  School  Street 
derived  its  name.  Afterwards  it  was  removed  to  the  site  of  the  Parker 
House,  thence  to  its  present  location. 

The  New  English-High  and  Latin  School  building,  which  the  city  of 
Boston  is  now  erecting  on  the  lot  fronting  on  Warren  Avenue,  Montgomery 
and  Dartmouth  Streets,  is  the  largest  structure  in  America  devoted  to  edu- 
cational purposes,  and  the  largest  in  the  world  used  as  a  free  public  school. 
The  building  was  begun  in  1877;  and  that  portion  to  be  used  by  the  schools 
will  be  completed  in  July,  1880,  at  a  total  cost  of  about  $425,000.  The 
Dartmouth-street  front,  which  is  to  be  occupied  by  the  school-board  and  its 
officers,  will  be  added  hereafter.  The  structure  is  designed  after  the  Ger- 
man plan,  the  principle  of  which  is  the  hollow  square  with  corridors  follow- 
ing its  outlines.  All  the  schoolrooms  front  on  the  streets  ;  and  the  width 
of  the  whole  building  is  simply  the  width  of  a  room  and  its  corridor,  thus 
insuring  the  best  light  and  ventilation.  There  will  be  56  schoolrooms,  each 
accommodating  40  pupils.     The  great  court-yard  is  divided  in  the  centre  by 


The   Boston    Latin-School,  Bedford    Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  119 

corridors  connecting  with  a  "theatre"  building,  that  contains  two  lecture- 
halls,  with  a  seating-capacity  of  225  each  ;  with  cabinet-rooms,  and  two 
library-rooms  for  both  schools,  —  the  Latin-school,  with  its  front  on  Warren 
Avenue,  and  the  English  high-school,  on  Montgomery  Street.  The  two 
schools  are  connected  in  the  rear  by  a  drill-hall  and  gymnasium,  for  the  use 
of  both  schools  in  common,  occupying  the  south  side  of  the  quadrangle. 
The  chemical  laboratory  and  a  lecture-room  will  be  in  a  detached  building. 
The  entire  building  will  be,  when  completed,  420  feet  long,  and  220  feet 
wide.  At  present,  without  the  administration  building  (as  the  part  reserved 
for  the  school-board  will  be  called),  it  is  339  feet  long.  It  has  three  stories 
and  a  basement,  the  latter  being  a  clere-story  facing  the  courts.  The  style 
is  a  modern  Renaissance ;  having  all  the  lines  of  strength  treated  architec- 
turally in  stone,  the  frieze-courses  inlaid  with  terra-cotta,  while  the  back- 
ground is  of  Philadelphia  brick.  Practically  the  building  is  fireproof 
throughout.  Each  of  the  schoolrooms  is  surrounded  by  brick  walls,  form- 
ing fireproof  sections.  The  staircases  are  of  iron  ;  and  the  four  that  are  in 
each  building  are  in  width  proportioned  to  the  number  to  be  accommodated. 
Great  care  has  been  given  to  the  sanitary  regulations.  The  interior  finish 
is  of  Michigan  oak.  The  exhibition  halls  are  arranged  in  amphitheatre 
form,  62  by  82  feet,  and  25  feet  high.  The  drill-hall  is  a  grand  feature.  It 
is  on  the  street-level,  130  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide,  and  30  feet  high,  with 
entrances  from  Warren  Avenue,  Montgomery  and  Clarendon  Streets,  and 
the  court-yard.  The  floor  is  of  thick  plank,  calked  like  a  ship's  deck,  and 
is  laid  upon  solid  concrete.  The  hall  is  to  accommodate  the  whole  school- 
battalion,  and  can  also  be  used  for  mounted  drill.  The  drill-hall,  with  its 
galleries,  could  seat  3,000  persons.  It,  and  also  the  gymnasium  above,  of 
the  same  size,  are  to  be  finished  in  natural  materials,  and  treated  so  as  to 
get  a  constructional  effect  of  open  timber-work,  the  wood  being  of  hard 
pine,  shellacked  and  varnished ;  the  walls  of  Philadelphia  brick,  laid  in 
bright  red  mortar,  and  trimmed  with  sandstone.  The  basement  story  and 
the  court-yards  are  to  be  specially  fitted  up  for  play-room.  The  entire 
building,  which  will  be  an  excellent  model  of  good  workmanship,  a  glory 
of  the  city,  and  a  credit  to  the  artisans,  was  designed  by  the  city  architect, 
George  A.  Clough. 

The   Newbury-street  Grammar   Schoolhouse    is    the    best   example    of 
school-planning   in    Boston.     It  is  in  the  Queen  Anne  style,  and  has  two 
stories,  each    containing   six  rooms.     On   the  second    story,  over  the   en- 
trances, is  an  exhibition-hall.     The  building  was  finished  in  1876,  and  is  one 
of  the  schoolhouses  planned  by  George  A.  Clough,  the  city  architect. 

The  Girls'  High-School,  on  Newton  Street,  occupies  a  large  building, 
originally  designed  for  the  high  and  normal  schools.  It  was  completed  in 
1870,  and  at  that  time  was  believed  to  be  the  largest,  most  substantial,  and 


120 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


costly  school  edifice  in  the  United  States.  The  large  hall  in  the  upper 
story  contains  various  casts  from  antique  sculpture  and  statuary,  the  con- 
tributions of  a  number  of  gentlemen. 

Of  the  many  schools  having  interesting  features  we  may  mention  the 
English  high-school  in  a  building  on. Bedford  Street,  differing  from  the  sub- 
urban high-schools  only  in  being  exclusively  for  boys,  and  in  having  male 
teachers,  and  a  greater  variety  of  educational  apparatus.  Among  the  gram- 
mar-schools at  which  one  finds  the  best  class  of  scholars  are  the  Dwierht, 

the  Everett,  and  the  Exeter- 
street  :  the  last-named  is 
the  finest  school-building 
in  the  city.  In  the  Eliot, 
at  the  North  End,  one  may 
find  whole  classes  in  which 
every  member  partly  main- 
tains himself,  and  in  which 
every  one  is  very  poor. 
Only  good  disciplinarians 
can  govern  these  children, 
and  the  traditions  of  the 
school  are  exceedingly 
amusing.  A  thorough  sys- 
tem of  gymnastics  in  use 
here  was  invented  by  Mr. 
Mason,  one  of  the  present 
supervisors,  while  he  was 
master  of  this  school.  The  Emerson  school,  in  East  Boston,  is  among 
those  famous  for  the  penmanship  of  their  scholars.  The  Rice  primary- 
school  occupies  a  position  similar  to  that  held  by  the  Dwight  and  Everett 
among  grammar-schools  ;  and  the  Genesee-street  primary  is  noted  for  the 
absolute  poverty  of  its  scholars.  It  is  worth  visiting,  because  the  results 
of  the  primary-school  system  are  more  plainly  evident  than  in  schools 
attended  by  a  better  class  of  children.  The  difference  between  the  slovenly 
little  creatures  who  have  been  in  the  school  a  few  weeks,  and  the  neat,  alert 
boys  and  girls  of  the  upper  classes,  justify  the  Bostonian  in  assuming  an  air 
of  pride  as  he  asks,  "  What  do  you  think  of  our  public  schools?" 


The  Girls'  High-School,  West  Newton  Street. 


The  private  schools  of  the  city  number  about  100;  and  about  5,000 
pupils  find  instruction  in  free  denominational  schools,  so  called,  which  are 
chiefly  Catholic  institutions. 

The  Chauncy-hall  School,  Nos.  259  to  265  Boylston  Street,  near  Dart- 
mouth Street,  is  a  private  school  of  high  reputation,  that  was  established  in 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


121 


1828  by  the  late  G.  T.  Thayer.  The  present  schoolhouse  is  the  property  of 
a  corporation,  composed  chiefly  of  former  pupils  and  patrons,  of  which 
George  B.  Chase  is  president,  and  Benjamin  W.  Gilbert  is  treasurer.  The 
school  is  conducted  by  Thomas  Gushing,  William  H.  Ladd,  and  Herbert  15. 
Cushing,  as  principals.  The  schoolhouse  was  originally  in  Chauncy  Place  ; 
subsequently  in  Essex  Street;  and  in  1873,  the  building  having  been  burned, 
the  present  site  was  occupied.  The  building  is  excellently  adapted  to  its 
purposes,  and  un- 


usual care  has  been 
devoted  to  proper 
ventilation,  heat- 
ing, etc. ;  while  the 
furniture  is  on  a 
new  pattern,  and  is 
free  from  any  ten- 
dency to  cause  in- 
juries to  health, 
the  foundation  of 
which  is  so  often 
laid  in  school.  The 
advantages  of  the 
division  of  labor 
in  instruction  and 
of  the  departmen- 
tal system  are 
thoroughly  estab- 
lished by  the  ex- 
perience of  the 
managers.  The 
school  is  designed 
to  furnish  a  com- 
plete course  of 
school  -  education, 

beginning  with  the  kindergarten  and  the  primary  school,  and  continuing 
through  the  upper  departments  in  preparation  for  the  university,  the  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  or  for  business.  Military  drill  is  practised  three  times 
a  week,  and  there  is  an  excellent  gymnasium.  There  is  also  a  laboratory  in 
the  school-building.  Special  students  are  admitted  to  participate  in  the 
lessons  of  such  classes  as  they  choose  and  are  fit  for.  Girls  are  admitted 
to  the  classes  of  the  primary  and  upper  departments  and  as  special  students. 
The  Massachusetts  Normal  Art-School  was  established  by  the  State  in 
1873,  as  a  training-school,  for  the  purpose  of  qualifying  teachers  and  masters 


The  Chauncy-Hall  School,  Boylston  Street. 


122  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

of  industrial  drawing.  Its  chief  aim  at  present  is  to  prepare  teachers  for 
the  industrial  drawing-schools  of  the  State,  who  can  also  direct  and  superin- 
tend the  instruction  in  this  branch  in  the  public  schools.  The  demand  for 
these  teachers  is  the  result  of  an  act  passed  by  the  legislature  in  1870, 
making  instruction  in  this  branch  obligatory  in  the  public  day-schools,  and 
requiring  cities  and  towns  containing  more  than  10,000  inhabitants  to  pro- 
vide free  instruction  in  industrial  drawing  to  persons  over  15  years  of  age. 
This  school  occupies  ten  rooms  in  the  School-street  Block,  28  School  Street. 
All  students  are  over  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  are  charged  as  follows : 
residents  of  the  State,  no  tuition,  but  $20  a  year  for  incidental  expenses ; 
non-residents,  only  a  tuition  of  $100  a  year.  The  attendance  Dec.  1,  1878, 
is  150, —  116  women,  34  men.     The  director  of  the  school  is  Walter  Smith. 

The  New-England  Conservatory  of  Music  at  Boston,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Eben  Tourjee,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best-appointed  musical 
institutes  in  the  world.  Of  this  worthy  institution  and  its  already  celebrated 
founder,  "Harper's  New  Monthly  Magazine"  said:  — 

"  Twenty-five  years  ago  there  was  nothing  in  this  country  deserving  the 
name,  if  it  aped  the  title,  of  a  music-school.  Eben  Tourjee,  then  scarcely 
more  than  a  lad,  seeking  vainly  for  instruction  and  advantages  that  to-day 
are  within  reach  of  the  humblest,  resolved,  with  that  one  idea,  persistency, 
which  from  time  immemorial  characterizes  great  reformers,  that  one  day 
there  should  exist  in  this  land  a  school  of  music,  where  art  should  be  placed 
on  the  same  footing  as  other  studies  in  our  higher  institutions  of  learning; 
where  it  should  not  be  viewed  merely  as  an  accomplishment,  but  rather  as 
an  integral  part  of  a  well-rounded,  complete  education,  to  be  pursued,  not 
spasmodically,  but  with  systematic  thoroughness.  In  1851  young  Tourjee 
unfolded  his  plans  for  a  music-school  to  one  whose  specialty  lay  in  the 
direction  of  commercial  training.  This  gentleman  proposed  a  joint  com- 
mercial and  musical  college,  —  a  union  which  strikes  one  like  the  propo- 
sition of  a  would-be  Yankee  Meyerbeer  to  set  the  Constitution  to  a  sym- 
phony. Fortunately  for  the  true  progress  of  music,  this  idea  was  [never 
entertained  by  Tourjee,  and]  never  developed.  But  in  1853  we  find  Mr. 
Tourjee  endeavoring  to  interest  prominent  musical  and  educational  profes- 
sors in  Boston  in  his  project  for  a  musical  conservatory,  to  embrace  the  best 
elements  of  the  foreign  schools.  All  professed  interest,  but  condemned  the 
scheme  as  visionary.  The  capital  could  never  be  raised ;  there  would  not 
be  pupils  enough  to  form  classes,  or  warrant  the  employment  of  suitable 
teachers;  in  short,  if  it  ever  was  to  be  done,  Mr.  Tourjee  must  do  it  himself, 
raise  a  fund,  start  a  college,  and  get  himself  elected  president,  —  a  mocking 
prophecy,  which  ere  long  brought  its  own  fulfilment.  Nothing  daunted, 
through  1853-54  Mr.  Tourjee  continued  his  classes  in  piano,  organ,  voice; 
and,  never  losing  sight  of  his  central  thought,  he  found  time  to  issue  and 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  123 

conduct  an  able  little  paper,  called  '  The  Key-Note,'  in  which  he  endeavored 
to  encourage  the  study  of  music  on  a  higher  basis  than  that  usually  pursued, 
indicating  with  prophetic  utterance  the  future  of  music  in  this  country." 
From  that  time  Dr.  Tourjee's  whole  efforts  have  been  directed  to  the 
advancement  of  the  musical  culture  not  only  of  the  few,  but  also  of  the 
many.  An  exceedingly  interesting  history  could  be  written  of  his  labors 
and  successes ;  but  the  grand  result  is  shown  in  the  New-England  Con- 
servatory, for  in  it  he  has  been  favored  with  the  patronage  of  more  than 
20,000  persons,  and  through  it  he  gives  instruction  to  more  than  1,000  pre- 
sons  annually.  To  him  are  the  people  all  over  the  country  indebted  for  the 
conservatories  patterned  after  the  grand  institution  for  which  he  laid  the 
foundation,  and  which  he  has  built  up  successfully.  We  have  not  the  space 
to  give  the  details  of  the  workings  of  this  institution  ;  but  one  item  shows 
somewhat  the  good  that  it  is  doing  the  people.  Here,  under  a  board  of 
instruction  comprising  75  of  the  best  teachers  of  music  in  New  England, 
many  of  whom  have  national  reputations,  a  person  can  obtain  125  hours  in- 
struction in  music  for  the  sum  of  #15.  The  New-England  Conservatory  was 
established  in  1867,  and  now  occupies  25  rooms  in  the  Music-Hail  building. 

The  Lowell  Institute,  one  of  the  most  unique  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions of  Boston,  was  established  in  1839,  by  the  munificence  of  John  Lowell, 
"to  provide  for  regular  courses  of  free  public  lectures  upon  the  most  impor- 
tant branches  of  natural  and  moral  science,  to  be  annually  delivered  in  the 
city  of  Boston."  Besides  the  School  of  Industrial  Design  connected  with 
the  Institute  of  Technology,  two  drawing-schools  were  until  this  year  main- 
tained by  this  fund.  The  Lowell  Institute  hall  is  in  the  rear  of  Washington 
Street,  between  Bromfield  and  Winter  Streets. 

The  Simmons  Female  College,  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  "  medicine, 
music,  drawing,  designing,  telegraphy,  and  other  branches  of  art,  science, 
and  industry  best  calculated  to  enable  the  scholars  to  acquire  an  independent 
livelihood,"  was  provided  for  by  the  will  of  John  Simmons  in  1870.  He  left 
store  and  dwelling  property  in  the  city,  valued  at  the  time  at  about  #1,400,000, 
the  income  from  which,  under  certain  conditions  and  after  certain  payments, 
was  to  be  applied  to  the  establishment  of  the  college.  But  a  portion  of  the 
property  having  been  destroyed  in  the  Great  Fire,  and  the  income  being 
seriously  impaired  by  the  cost  of  rebuilding  and  the  depression  in  business, 
nothing  has  been  done  by  the  trustees  to  carry  out  the  project. 

The  American  College  and  Education  Society,  with  its  office  at  No.  10 
Congregational  House,  has  for  its  objects  the  promotion  of  Protestant  theo- 
logical education  ;  and  with  this  purpose  it  aids  some  Western  colleges,  and 
many  young  men,  candidates  for  the  ministry.  Charles  Benedict  is  the  presi- 
dent, and  Increase  N.  Tarbox,  D.D.,  the  secretary.  It  is  unsectarian,  though 
its  funds  and  its  students  are  drawn  chiefly  from  Congregational  sources. 


124  KING'S    HA  AW  BOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home,  organized  in  1873,  nas  met 
with  remarkable  success,  which  it  seems  to  fully  merit.  Its  purpose  is  to 
induce  young  ladies  to  devote  some  part  of  every  day  to  thorough  and  sys- 
tematic study.  To  carry  out  this  purpose,  courses  of  reading  and  plans  of 
work  are  arranged,  and  thorough  directions  and  advice  are  given  ;  and  finally 
an  annual  meeting  is  held,  where  the  students  can  meet  the  instructors. 
The  instruction  is  given  by  more  than  100  correspondents.  During  the  past 
year  there  were  899  students,  of  whom  343  selected  history  ;  347  English 
literature  ;  139  science  ;  114  art ;  49  German;  and  29  French.  The  society 
also  owns  a  library,  from  which  books  are  sent  everywhere  to  its  members. 
The  cost  of  membership  is  $2.00  a  year,  merely  to  cover  the  incidental 
expenses.  The  secretary  is  Miss  Anna  E.  Ticknor,  daughter  of  the  late 
George  Ticknor ;  and  the  headquarters  of  the  Society  are  at  the  corner  of 
Park  and  Beacon  Streets. 

The  American  Metric  Bureau  occupies  a  part  of  the  second  story  of  32 
Hawley  Street,  in  the  "book-district"  of  Boston.  It  is  an  important  educa- 
tional society,  and  is  composed  of  professors  in  colleges,  teachers  in  high 
schools,  superintendents  of  education,  and  many  persons  from  all  profes- 
sions, and  from  every  line  of  business.  It  is  introducing  the  International 
Decimal  System  of  Weights  and  Measures.  It  has  the  largest  collection 
extant  of  charts,  books,  apparatus,  weights,  and  measures,  illustrating  the 
metric  system,  and  forming  a  Metric  Museum  of  more  than  1,000  different 
articles,  that  are  freely  exhibited  and  explained  to  all  interested.  The  secre- 
tary and  three  assistants  have  charge  of  the  orifice,  and  give  copies  of  explan- 
atory pamphlets  to  all  applicants,  or  mail  them  without  charge.  The  Bureau 
is  incorporated,  the  same  as  the  Bible  Society,  as  a  missionary  society  for 
educational  purposes.  It  sent  out  the  first  year  over  a  half-million  pages, 
illustrating  the  system,  and  explaining  its  advantages.  Visitors  to  Boston 
are  often  taken  to  the  Bureau  as  one  of  the  curiosities  of  the  "  City  of 
Notions,"  as  nothing  of  the  kind  can  be  seen  elsewhere. 

The  American  Library  Association  is  in  the  same  orifice  with  the  Ameri- 
can Metric  Bureau,  and  is  composed  of  the  leading  librarians  of  the  country, 
and  aims  to  increase  the  number  of  readers,  improve  their  methods,  raise 
the  standard  of  reading,  and  reduce  its  cost.  The  work  is  done  through 
the  free  public  libraries.  The  visitors  interest  in  the  orifice  lies  in  the  Bibli- 
othecal  Museum,  comprising  a  collection  of  catalogues,  reports,  and  other 
library  publications,  and  thousands  of  blanks,  devices,  and  appliances  of 
every  sort  used  in  libraries  at  home  or  abroad.  These  are  arranged  both 
by  libraries  and  by  subjects.  Of  still  greater  interest  to  public  or  private 
librarians  are  the  working  models  recommended  by  the  Association.  These 
include  nearly  every  thing  tangible  that  pertains  to  the  successful  manage- 
ment of   a  library.     The  whole  collection  is  fully  and  freely  explained  to 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  125 

visitors.  The  secretary  of  the  Library  Association,  Melvil  Dewey,  is  also 
the  editor  of  "The  Library  Journal,"  the  official  publication  of  the  libraries 
both  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain. 

The  Spelling  Reform  Association  is  the  thurd  so(;jeti  having  hedkwor- 
tera  her.  This  ia  veri  lik  the  Metric  Biiro  in  its  membership  and  methods. 
Its  object  and  meto  is  '  The  Simplificajun  ev  Iijglish  ©rthografi.'  It  cezez 
raatur  tu  bfe  printed  and  ritn  in  the  nil  speling,  distribiits  pamflets,  explain 
the  nil  method,  and  the  v^tal  impertans  ev  the  reform  tu  eni  pregres  in  popu- 
lar ediicajun.  Its  efi<;era  incliid  et  er  ten  ev  thfe  most  eminent  filelocjists,  six 
ev  them  being  ex-presidents  ev  the  Filolegical  Asojiajuna  ev  America  and  Iijg- 
land.  This  general  efic  ev  tub  najunal  er  internajunal  asojiajun  ia  ev  interest 
in  being  thfe  hedkwertera  fer  speling  reform  publicajuna,  tipa,  stajuneri,  and 
infermajun.  Aa  this  and  thfe  Metric  Socjeti  am  tu  remuv  thfe  gratest  ebstacla 
tu  the  spred  ev  popular  ediicajun,  and  this  Librari  Asojiajun  tu  cari  forward 
that  ediicajun  hi  furnijmg  the  best  rfeding  frfeli  tu  thoa  hum  thfe  skula  liav  tot  tu 
red.  the  cambind  ofices  ev  the  thrfe  societia  ar  much  viaited  bi  thoa  interested 
in  ediicajunal  matura.  Tha  ar  tugethur  becoz  so  closli  aljd  in  ther  objects; 
becez,  whjl  having  no  conecjun  whetever,  so  meni  membera  ev  wun  ar  mem- 
bers ev  thfe  uthera;  and  becoz  mfe  editor  ev  tbfe  Librari  Jurnal,  Melvil  Diii,  ia 
at  the  sam  tim  secretari  ev  fech  ov  the  Asojiajuna.  The  oficea  ar  open  from 
8.  A.  M.  tu  6  P.  M.,  exept  Sundaa  and  lfegal  holidaa,  thrueut  the  yfer. 

The  Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts  School  for  the  Blind  is  situ- 
ated on  Broadway,  Mount  Washington,  South  Boston,  in  a  large  building 
formerly  a  hotel,  which,  as  the  ground  is  quite  high,  is  a  prominent  object 
from  the  harbor  and  from  the  country  for  miles  around.  The  institution 
was  founded  in  1831,  and  was  organized  in  the  following  year  by  the  late  Dr. 
Samuel  G.  Howe,  beginning  with  six  blind  children.  It  is  named  in  honor  of 
Col.  Thomas  H.  Perkins,  one  of  its  most  generous  friends,  who  gave  his 
mansion-house  on  Pearl  Street  for  its  use.  It  is  notable  as  being  the  first 
institution  in  the  world  where  a  systematic  education  of  the  blind  was  at- 
tempted; and  its  success  was  so  great  that  it  has  been  a  model  for  other 
institutions  of  the  kind,  both  in  America  and  Europe.  The  family  system  is 
followed  ;  and  the  women  and  girls  occupy  dwelling-houses  by  themselves,  the 
sexes  being  separated.  The  average  number  of  inmates  is  about  175.  Music 
has  been  taught  here  with  such  success  that  the  tuning,  and  keeping  in  re- 
pair, of  all  the  pianos  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston  are  now  intrusted  to 
the  pupils  of  the  asylum,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  school  committee, 
the  teachers,  and  the  public.  The  first  books  for  the  blind  produced  in  this 
country  were  printed  at  the  Perkins  Institution;  and  during  the  past  year 
several  standard  works  have  been  electrotyped.  This  department  is  carried 
on  with  much  vigor.  The  institution  is  partly  self-supporting  through  the 
work  of  its  inmates.  It  receives  compensation  from  several  States  for  the 
support  and  education  of  beneficiaries,  and  from  Massachusetts  a  grant  of 


126  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

$30,000  annually.  Dr.  Howe  continued  in  charge  until  his  death  in  1876. 
Samuel  Eliot  is  president,  and  M.  Anagnos  secretary  and  director.  Visitors 
are  admitted  on  the  afternoon  of  the  first  Saturday  in  each  month. 

The  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf,  formerly  on  Pemberton  Square, 
is  now  on  Warrenton  Street.  It  was  founded  in  1869,  and  was,  until  1877, 
called  the  "  Boston  Day-School  for  Deaf  Mutes."  There  are  about  70 
pupils,  boys  and  girls.  The  plan  of  separating  the  pupils  who  were  born 
deaf,  and  those  made  deaf  by  disease,  is  carried  out  as  far  as  practicable. 
Professor  A.  Melville  Bell's  system  of  visible  speech  is  employed  through- 
out the  school  as  an  aid  in  teaching  articulation.  The  school  is  free  for 
both  sexes,  residents  of  the  city,  and  a  moderate  fee  for  others ;  and  it  is 
supported  mainly  by  taxation. 

The  Boston  Asylum  and  Farm-School  for  Indigent  Boys  was  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Boston  Asylum  for  Indigent  Boys,  which  originated  in 
1813,  and  the  Proprietors  of  the  Boston  Farm-School,  established  in  1832. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1835.  Its  object  is  to  provide  a  home  and  training 
for  homeless  boys,  and  those  who  have  lost  one  or  both  parents.  Boys 
received  into  the  institution  as  boarders  can  be  taken  away  at  any  time,  but 
others  are  held  until  the  directors  apprentice  them.  The  average  number 
in  the  school  is  100.      It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Thompson's  Island. 

The  Massachusetts  School  for  Idiotic  and  Feeble-Minded  Youth,  the 
oldest  establishment  of  its  kind  in  America,  was  opened  in  1848  with  three 
private  pupils  and  ten  State  charges;  and  it  now  cares  for  about  115  a  year, 
75  of  whom  are  beneficiaries  of  the  State.  The  average  number  of  inmates 
is  about  90.  The  late  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Howe  was  its  founder  and  organizer, 
and  remained  at  its  head  as  superintendent  until  his  death  in  January,  1876. 
The  pupils  are  instructed  by  teachers  possessing  special  qualifications,  and 
a  workshop  is  provided,  in  which  those  who  can  learn  are  taught  trades. 
The  schoolhouse  is  in  South  Boston. 

The  Boston  City  Hospital  Training-School  for  Nurses  was  established 
in  1878  to  give  a  two-years'  course  of  training  to  women  desirous  of  becom- 
ing professional  nurses.  The  superintendent  of  nurses  at  the  City  Hospital, 
Miss  Linda  Richards,  has  charge  of  the  Training-School,  under  authority 
of  the  superintendent  of  the  hospital,  Dr.  Edward  Cowles. 

The  Educational  Periodicals  of  Boston  are  the  "  New-England  Journal  of 
Education,"  "National  Journal  of  Education,"  "  The  Primary  Teacher,"  and 
"  The  Good  Times."  These  were  established  in  1874  by  Thomas  W.  Bick- 
nell,  formerly  commissioner  of  public  schools  in  Rhode  Island;  and  they 
now  circulate  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  represent  in  their  columns  the 
best  thoughts  of  the  age  on  all  grades  of  educational  work.  They  received 
the  first  premium  at  Paris  as  the  leading  educational  journals  of  the  world. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON.  127 


EJje  Cortgue  of  tije  ffittg. 

PUBLISHERS,    SELLERS,    AND    PRINTERS   OF    BOOKS,    STATIONERY, 
NEWSPAPERS,    AND    PERIODICALS. 

THE  old  book-stalls  of  a  city  are  among  the  objects  which  the  visitor  finds 
most  interesting.  The  history  of  the  book-trade  of  Boston,  from  the 
time  of  Thomas  Fleet  to  the  present,  would  fill  a  large  volume,  and  would 
be  almost  as  interesting  to  the  bibliophile  and  antiquary  as  the  history  of 
the  book-trade  of  London  or  Paris.  The  pre-eminence  that  Boston  has  at- 
tained in  the  publishing  and  bookselling  business  is  but  the  natural  result 
of  having  within  and  around  her  boundaries  the  men  whose  names  stand 
foremost  among  the  literati  of  the  New  World,  as  well  as  having  some  of  the 
largest  libraries  and  greatest  educational  institutions  in  this  country.  The 
success  of  the  trade  is  maintained  by  the  great  inducements  offered  buyers 
of  books ;  for  it  is  undoubtedly  a  fact  that  the  dealers  in  Boston  do  sell 
books  from  10  to  20  per  cent  lower  than  the  same  books  can  be  bought  else- 
where. Moreover,  while  the  stores  are  not,  as  a  rule,  costly  in  their  furnish- 
ings, possibly  owing  to  the  close  margins  on  which  the  business  is  conducted, 
they  are  capacious,  and  contain  millions  of  books.  Probably  nowhere  in 
this  country  can  like  numbers  and  rarities  be  found.  Those  engaged  in 
the  business  are  generally  men  whose  lives  have  been  given  to  the  study  of 
the  trade,  and  the  tastes  of  the  most  cultured  people.  Almost  all  of  them 
are  thoroughly  trustworthy  and  extremely  courteous  in  their  dealings.  In 
publishing  and  bookselling,  several  million  dollars  capital  are  invested,  and 
a  large  number  of  persons  employed.  A  brief  sketch  of  some  of  the 
prominent  houses  is  all  that  the  limits  of  this  book  will  allow. 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  254  Washington  Street,  are  the  lineal  successors  of 
a  book-shop  kept,  in  1784,  by  E.  Battelle,  in  the  Marlborough  Street  of  that 
time.  In  1787  this  business  went  into  the  hands  of  Benjamin  Guild,  who 
called  it  the  Boston  Bookstore,  and  kept  it  for  a  while  at  59  Cornhill  (now 
Washington  Street),  and  afterwards  at  1  Cornhill.  on  the  south  corner  of 
Spring  Lane.  In  1792  Samuel  Cabot  became  the  proprietor,  and  continued 
as  such  until  1797,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  P.  and  Lemuel  Blake, 
who,  besides  keeping  a  good  stock  of  books  and  stationery,  published  a 
few  works,  and  kept  a  circulating  library.  They  sold  out  in  1806  to  William 
Andrews,  who  carried  on  the  business  until  his  death  in  181 3.  Then 
Jacob  A.  Cummings,  a  schoolmaster,  and  William  Hilliard,  a  printer,  and 


128 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


proprietor  of  the  Harvard  University  bookstore,  became  the  purchasers. 
In  1821  Timothy  H.  Carter  was  admitted  as  partner;  and,  after  Cummings's 
decease,  several  parties,  among  them  Harrison  Gray,  Charles  C.  Little, 
John  H.  Wilkins,  Charles  Brown,  and  James  Brown,  were  at  various  times 
members  of  the  firm,  the  style  of  which  was  consequently  changed.  It  was 
in  1825  Cummings,  Hilliard,  &  Co.;  and  in  1827  Hilliard,  Gray,  &  Co.  In 
1830  the  firm  sold  their  stand  and  a  part  of  their  stock  to  William  Hyde, 

and  they  themselves  removed  to  Washington 
Street.  Here  they  greatly  increased  their 
transactions  in  the  publication  and  sale  of  law- 
books and  the  importation  of  foreign  works. 
In  1837  Charles  C.  Little  and  James  Brown 
became  the  sole  proprietors ;  and  afterwards, 
upon  the  admission  of  new  partners,  the  pres- 
ent firm  name  was  adopted.  This,  therefore, 
is  the  oldest  house,  in  its  line,  in  Boston. 
For  many  years  the  firm  have  been  the  lead- 
ing publishers  of  law-books  in  America;  and, 
through  their  publication  of  the  works  of 
Kent,  Greenleaf,  Story,  and  other  eminent 
legal  authors,  they  are  well  known  to  lawyers 
everywhere.  They  publish,  quarterly,  "  The 
American  Law  Review  ;  "  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  their  shelves  is  devoted  to  stand- 
ard and  rare  works  in  American  and  English 
law.  In  general  literature  their  publications 
are  mainly  of  the  solid  kind,  such  as  the 
histories  of  Bancroft,  Palfrey,  and  Parkman ; 
the  speeches  of  Adams,  Everett,  Ouincy, 
WTebster,  and  Winthrop,  and  other  works  of  a  standard  class.  They  also 
make  a  specialty  of  the  importation  of  English  books,  and  of  expensive 
works  in  art  and  science,  and  have  a  remarkably  large  and  attractive  col- 
lection of  books  in  elegant  bindings.  The  building  occupied  by  Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.  is  the  property  of  Harvard  University,  the  coat-of-arms  of 
which  appears  on  the  stone  front. 

Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  whose  magnificent  quarters  are  in  the  Cathe- 
dral Building,  corner  of  Franklin  and  Devonshire  Streets,  rank  among  the 
foremost  publishers  on  this  continent.  The  business  that  is  now  carried 
on  descends  directly  from  the  old  firm  of  Allen  &  Ticknor,  which  has 
changed  successively  to  William  D.  Ticknor  &  Co.,  Ticknor,  Reed,  & 
Fields,  Ticknor  &  Fields,  Fields,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  and  James  R.  Osgood 
&  Co.     The  new  house  was  established  in  1878,  by  the  consolidation  of  the 


Little,  Brown.  &  Co.,  Washington  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


129 


firms  of  James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.  (consisting,  at  that  time,  of  James  R. 
Osgood  and  Benjamin  H.  Ticknor),  Hurd  &  Houghton,  and  H.  O.  Hough- 
ton &  Co.  The  present  firm  publish  the  chief  works  of  many  of  the  most 
eminent  poets,  essayists,  and  novelists  of  America  and  Europe.  They  also 
publish  several  standard  periodicals,  conspicuous  among  which  are  "  The 
Atlantic  Monthly ;"  and  "  The  American  Architect,"  established  by  James 
R.  Osgood  &  Co.  The  mechanical  work  of  many  of  their  books  is  not 
excelled  by  that  of  any  publishers ;  and  the  illustrated  edition  of  the  com- 
plete poetical  works  of  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  that  is  soon  to  be  published 
in  quarto  form,  will  stand  almost  unrivalled  by  any  American  work.  Through 
Mr.  Osgood's  enterprise,  the  heliotype  process  was  introduced  into  this  coun- 
try, and  is  now  carried  on  by  the  company  of  which  he  is  the  treasurer. 

Lee  &  Shepard,  Nos.  41  to  45  Franklin  Street,  are  the  largest  book- 
publishers,  importers,  and  dealers  in  New  England.  Their  house  is  the 
New-England  depository  for  Harper  &  Brothers  of  New  York  and  other 
prominent  publishers. 
It  is  the  rendezvous 
of  the  school-teachers 
from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  and  the  head- 
quarters of  the   New- 


England 


Pedagogical 


Association.  Lists  of 
publications  of  this 
firm  embrace  all  class- 
es of  literature.  Their 
sumptuous  edition  of 
Charles  Sumner's 
works  was  awarded  a 
premium  at  the  Cen- 
tennial exhibition  at 
Philadelphia.  Some 
of  the  light  literature 
issued  for  summer 
reading  by  this  firm 
has  met  with  unprece- 
dented success.  For 
instance,   "That   Hus- 


Lee  &  Shepard,  Franklin  and   Hawley  Streets. 


band  of  Mine"  reached  a  sale  of  nearly  150,000  copies;  and  "  That  Wife 
of  Mine,"  nearly  100,000  copies.  Lee  &  Shepard  are  the  leading  firm  in 
the  country  in  the  publication  of  juveniles.  Their  list  embraces  the  works 
of  William  T.  Adams  ("Oliver  Optic"),  Elijah  Kellogg,  Sophie  May,  James 


130  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

De  Mille,  J.  T.  Trowbridge,  and  many  others.  Their  "  Library  Edition  of 
Standard  Works,"  consisting  of  the  writings  of  some  25  authors  and  poets, 
such  as  Shakespeare,  Byron,  Burns,  Swift,  Fielding,  Smollett,  and  Sterne, 
are  published  at  a  remarkably  low  price.  One  of  their  recent  humorous 
works  is  "  Leedle  Yawcob  Strauss,  and  Other  Poems,"  by  Charles  Fallen 
Adams. 

Willard  Small  has  his  office  in  Lee  &  Shepard's  commodious  quarters, 
at  41  and  43  Franklin  Street.  His  specialty  is  supplying  professors 
and  teachers  with  the  standard  and  most  recent  works  on  science,  litera- 
ture, and  history;  dictionaries,  and  other  books  of  reference;  grammars,  and 
books  used  in  the  study  of  cultivated  languages,  and  in  the  science  and  art 
of  teaching.  Mr.  Small  keeps  on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Macmillan  &  Co.'s 
publications,  especially  their  text-books.  Among  his  own  publications  are 
"  Keene's  Elocution,"  "  The  Ancient  City,"  "  Gulistan  of  Saadi,"  and 
Woodward  and  Cates's  "  Encyclopaedia  of  Chronology." 

A.  C.  Stockin,  agent  for  Harper  &  Brothers'  school-publications,  includ- 
ing a  full  line  of  school  and  college  text-books,  also  has  his  office  in  Lee  & 
Shepard's  establishment,  at  41  Franklin  Street. 

Walter  H.  Faunce,  with  Lee  &  Shepard.  corner  of  Franklin  and  Haw- 
ley  Streets,  is  the  New-England  agent  for  the  publications  of  Sheldon  & 
Co.,  New  York,  whose  educational  books  have  attained  a  deservedly  wide 
reputation.  Among  their  publications  may  be  mentioned  Olney's  mathe- 
matical works,  probably  the  most  complete  series  published  in  America; 
Avery's  "  Natural  Philosophy ;  "  Shaw's  "  English  Literature ; "  Hill's 
"  Elements  of  Rhetoric  ;  "  Palmer's  "  Elements  of  Book-keeping,"  and  the 
text-books  of  Wayland,  Haven,  Whately,  and  others. 

D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  the  celebrated  publishers,  opened  a  branch  store  in 
this  city  a  few  years  ago.  Their  business  grew  so  rapidly,  that  they  were 
obliged  to  move  into  larger  and  more  convenient  quarters  ;  and  now  the 
Boston  branch  of  this  firm  can  justly  be  called  a  Boston  house,  for  its  new 
quarters  occupy  the  whole  of  a  commodious  store  and  basement,  extending 
from  6  Hawley  Street  to  5  Arch  Street,  in  the  marble-front  block  just  com- 
pleted, known  as  the  Bowdoin  Building.  The  store  is  neatly  fitted  up,  and 
contains  an  extensive  stock  of  the  choicest  literature.  The  American  and 
condensed  cyclopaedias,  "The  Art  Journal,"  "Picturesque  Europe,"  "Pic- 
turesque America,"  "  Appleton's  Journal,"  the  "  Popular  Science  Monthly," 
with  works  on  science,  medicine,  law,  history,  novels,  and  almost  every  sub- 
ject, fill  the  shelves  and  counters.  The  school  and  college  text-books  cover 
ten  different  languages,  and  all  departments  of  study.  Probably  no  other 
house  offers  such  a  choice  and  popular  collection  of  text-books.  Their  new 
readers,  compiled  by  some  of  the  most  eminent  teachers  in  this  country, 
have  met  with  a  sale  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  school-books.     Hark- 


132  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    B0S7VN. 

ness's  Latin  series  is  used  in  nearly  every  college,  preparatory  and  high 
school  of  note  in  the  United  States.  Quackenbos's  "  Language  Lessons" 
and  "  History,"  Cornell's  "  Geography,"  primers  of  science,  history  of  liter- 
ature, Kriisi's  "  Freehand  and  Inventive  Drawing,"  including  courses  on 
mechanics,  architecture,  textile  designs,  etc.,  and  the  sliding-copy  writing- 
books,  are  among  their  many  popular  works.  When  M.  W.  Hazen,  who 
is  now  the  general  agent  for  New  England,  accepted  his  position,  "  The 
New-England  Journal  of  Education  "  gave  him  the  following  notice  .  — 

"  Mr.  M.  W.  Hazen  has  accepted  the  New-England  agency  of  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.,  and  has  entered  upon  his  duties. 

"  Mr.  Hazen  is  too  well  known  in  New  England  to  need  an  introduction 
to  our  readers  ;  and  his  large  experience  in  the  West,  with  his  successful 
business  career  there,  will  insure  for  him  a  continued  patronage  in  connec- 
tion with  this  enterprising  house.  We  welcome  Mr.  Hazen  to  Boston,  and 
predict  for  him  a  large  business  success  in  his  new  field." 

That  this  success  has  been  to  a  great  extent  realized,  can  be  seen  from 
the  progress  already  made. 

D.  Lothrop  &  Co.  occupy  the  large  iron-front  building  No.  32  Franklin 
Street.  They  were  one  of  the  few  Boston  publishing-firms  that  made 
exhibits  at  the  Paris  Exposition  in  1878;  and  the  Paris  correspondent  of 
the  New-York  "  Daily  Graphic  "  wrote  that :  — 

"  There  are  few  exhibits  in  all  this  vast  collection  of  articles  of  interest 
and  value  from  all  parts  of  the  globe  that  have  commanded  more  attention 
than  the  display  of  juvenile  and  other  books  by  D.  Lothrop  &  Co.  About 
ten  years  ago  this  firm  began  the  work  of  publishing  a  class  of  books 
specially  adapted  to  the  highest  culture  of  the  people :  their  catalogue  now 
numbers  about  800  volumes,  and  it  is  to  be  noted  that  almost  all  of  them 
supply  some  special  want  which  was  felt  before.  These  publishers,  in  their 
selection  of  works  for  children  of  all  ages,  have  acted  upon  the  principle  of 
combining  literary  excellence  with  purity  of  moral  and  religious  teaching; 
and  this  rule  has  guided  them  also  in  the  publication  of  their  books  for 
adult  readers.  I  have  gone  through  with  the  collection  of  their  publications 
exhibited  here,  and  there  are  a  few  points  respecting  them  that  I  should 
like  to  mention.  It  goes  without  saying,  that  the  binding,  printing,  and  paper 
of  these  books  are  excellent :  but  these  merits  might  belong  to  books  of  no 
literary  or  moral  worth.  These  juvenile  books  are  not  'goody-goody,' but 
good :  they  are  the  productions  of  writers  who  have  known  how  to  be 
entertaining  and  still  instructive  ;  witty,  without  being  frivolous  or  profane; 
religious,  without  being  dull,  prosy,  and  stupid.  The  commendation  be- 
stowed upon  them  by  the  visitors  to  the  Exhibition  has  been  hearty,  and 
the  award  in  their  favor  is  seconded  by  the  voice  of  general  opinion." 

This    firm    make  a  specialty  of   finely-illustrated    gift-books,    devotional 


R'/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


*33 


134  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

works,  and  carefully-edited  Sunday-school  libraries,  and  also  cater  judi- 
ciously for  the  popular  taste;  their  splendid  pictorial  books  for  young 
folks  including  such  volumes  of  science  as  "  Four  Feet,  Wings,  and  Fins," 
"Overhead,"  "Eyes  Right,"  etc.,  and  such  standard  history  as  Miss  Yonge's 
works.  The  "  Wide  Awake  Pleasure  Book,"  "  Babyland,"  "  Classics  of 
Babyland,"  "  Miltiades  Peterkin  Paul,"  "  Little  Miss  Muslin,"  "  The  Chil- 
dren's Almanac,"  and  others,  sell  equally  well  year  after  year.  Their  publi- 
cations, numbering  over  800  volumes,  cover  the  whole  range  needed  for 
home  libraries.  D.  Lothrop  &  Co.  also  publish  the  three  popular  periodicals, 
—  "  Wide  Awake,"  an  illustrated  monthly  for  young  folks  ;  "  Babyland,"  the 
only  magazine  in  the  world  issued  exclusively  for  the  wants  of  the  class  indi- 
cated by  its  title ;  and  the  "  Boston  Book  Bulletin,"  a  quarterly  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  book-buyers. 

Ginn  &  Heath,  whose  quarters  are  on  Tremont  Place,  have  been  in  busi- 
ness only  about  ten  years,  and  yet  they  have  become  the  leading  publishers 
of  school-books  in  New  England. 

"The  American  Bookseller  "  says  of  the  firm  :  'k  Probably  no  educational 
publishing-house  in  the  country  has  attained  such  success  in  an  equal  length 
of  time."  The  excellence  of  their  typography  and  binding  is  noteworthy  , 
but  the  real  secret  of  their  success  is  the  culture,  good  judgment,  and 
indomitable  perseverance  of  the  two  members  of  the  firm.  In  educational 
publications  they  have  been  leaders,  and  not  servile  followers  or  imitators. 
Among  their  chief  books  are  Allen  and  Greenough's  Latin  Course,  Goodwin 
and  White's  Greek  Course  (comprising  a  full  line  of  authors  preparatory  to 
college  and  many  for  college  use),  White's  Latin  Lexicon,  Liddell  &  Scott's 
Greek  Lexicon,  the  National  Music  Course,  Whitney's  English  Grammar, 
Peirce's,  Wentworth's,  and  Wheeler's  Mathematical  Course,  Hudson's 
Shakespeare's  plays  in  pamphlet  and  book  form,  "  Life,  Art,  and  Characters 
of  Shakespeare,"  Classical  English  Reader,  Burke,  Webster,  Bacon,  Gold- 
smith, Arnold's  English  Literature,  and  Hall's  geographies.  These  books 
are  a  little  more  than  abreast  of  the  times,  and  yet  have  been  fully  appre- 
ciated by  earnest  teachers.  This  house  has  in  its  list  of  authors  the  names 
of  some  of  the  best-known  men  of  Harvard  and  Yale  ;  and  its  books  are 
used  in  nearly  all  the  leading  colleges  and  schools  of  the  United  States. 

Winkley,  Thorp,  &  Dresser,  No.  117  Devonshire  Street,  opposite  the 
main  entrance  of  the  Post-office,  are  jobbers  in  school-books  and  school 
supplies ;  and  their  stock  includes  the  publications  of  all  the  leading 
school-book  publishers.  They  are  the  successors  of  the  Cambridgeport 
Diary  Company,  which  was  the  successor  of  Cutter,  Tower,  &  Co.  This 
establishment  occupies  a  fine  store,  with  basement,  and  carries  on  a  very 
large  jobbing-trade  in  blank-books  of  the  most  elaborate  and  costly  patterns, 
as  well  as  in  writing-paper,  office  stationery  and  fixtures. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  135 

Nichols  &  Hall,  booksellers  and  stationers,  32  Bromfiekl  Street,  oc- 
cupy one  of  the  commodious  stores  and  the  basement  of  the  Wesleyan 
Association  Building,  referred  to  in  another  chapter.  Their  business  is 
chiefly  wholesale ;  and  they  carry  an  extensive  stock  of  miscellaneous  and 
school  books,  stationery  and  blank  books,  suited  to  the  wants  of  the  coun- 
try trade  and  the  buyers  of  large  quantities.  They  make  a  specialty  of 
school  supplies,  and  are  agents  for  several  of  the  leading  school-book  pub- 
lishers of  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  Among  their  own  publications  are 
books  well  known  to  the  trade,  and  extensively  used  throughout  the  country. 
This  firm,  established  in  i860,  under  the  firm  name  of  Chase,  Nichols,  & 
Hill,  was  succeeded  by  Chase  &  Nichols.  In  1S65  Mr.  Chase  withdrew, 
and  for  a  time  the  business  was  carried  on  by  Samuel  F.  Nichols.  In  1868 
Edward  H.  Hall  became  associated  with  Mr.  Nichols,  and  since  that  time 
the  style  of  the  firm  has  been  Nichols  &  Hall. 

A.  S.  Manson,  with  Nichols  &  Hall,  at  32  Bromfiekl  Street,  is  the  New- 
England  agent  for  Potter,  Ainsworth,  &  Co..  of  New  York,  who  publish  a 
great  number  of  standard  text-books  :  such  as  Payson,  Dunton,  and  Scrib- 
ner's  famous  copy-books,  and  manuals  of  penmanship,  known  in  almost 
every  schoolroom  in  the  country,  2,000,000  of  which  are  sold  annually; 
Crosby's  Greek  text-books,  Hanson's  Latin  series,  Rolfe  and  Gillet's  Cam- 
bridge Course  of  Physics,  Magill's  French  series,  and  various  works  on 
book-keeping,  spelling,  composition,  drawing,  etc. 

Mr.  Manson  also  buys,  sells,  and  exchanges  new  and  second-hand  books 
and  pictures  pertaining  to  the  early  and  recent  history  of  the  various  Ameri- 
can countries.  He  has  now  in  his  own  library  a  very  large  and  unique  col- 
lection, specially  collated  and  elegantly  bound.  Town  histories  are  his 
specialty,  and  of  these  he  has  many  volumes. 

H.  M.  Cable,  also  with  Nichols  &  Hall,  32  Bromfiekl  Street,  has  been 
for  many  years  the  popular  representative  of  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  the 
well-known  publishers,  whose  specialty  is  a  line  of  more  than  400  different 
school-books  that  have  gained  great  favor  throughout  the  United  States. 
Among  their  books  are  Monteith*s  series  of  geographies,  Steele's  sciences, 
Watson's  Independent  series  of  readers,  and  Martin's  -Civil  Government." 
The  hymn  and  tune  books  of  this  house  have  a  larger  sale  than  those  of 
any  other  in  this  country.  In  the  past  few  years  Messrs.  Barnes  &  Co. 
have  begun  the  publication  of  several  valuable  historical  works,  such  as 
Barnes's  "Magazine  of  American  History:"  "The  Battles  of  the  American 
Revolution,"  by  Henry  B.  Carrington ;  Barnes's  "  Centenary  History,  or 
100  Years  of  American  Independence:  "  and  Martha  J.  Lamb's  "History  of 
the  City  of  New  York." 

Estes  &  Lauriat  are  directly  opposite  the  Old  South  Church,  in  the 
store   No.  301  Washington  Street,  which  for  many  years   has  been  a  well- 


136 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


known  literary  resort.  Before  it  was  occupied  by  Estes  &  Lauriat,  it  was  a 
famous  rendezvous  for  antiquaries.  In  years  gone  by  Mr.  Burnham  here 
displayed  upon  the  counters  of  "  Ye  Antique  Bookestore  "  many  old  and 
rare  tomes;  and  at  present  fine  and  rare  works  in  every  department  of 
literature  are  to  be  found  on  the  shelves  of  Estes  &  Lauriat's  establish- 
ment. Here  are  100,000  volumes,  from  the  antique  French  folio  of  1678 
down  to  the  latest  American  novel.  Samples  of  the  publications  of  Estes 
&  Lauriat,  such  as  Guizot's  France  and  England,  Martin's  France,  "The 
Picturesque  World,"  etc.,  sumptuously  bound,  which  received  the  highest 
awards  at  the  Philadelphia  exhibition,  are  displayed  in  an  attractive  manner. 
Every  steamer  brings  from  Europe  its  wealth  of  thought,  in  the  shape  of 
beautiful  and  costly  editions  of  standard  authors.  The  stranger  visiting 
this  bookstore  receives  every  courtesy  and  attention.  The  assortment  of 
miscellaneous  works  for  holiday  sales  is  very  extensive,  and  comprises 
standard  American  and  English  books,  illustrated  gift-books,  juveniles,  and 
toy-books,  and  thousands  of  choice  miscellaneous  works.  Estes  &  Lauriat 
buy  large  and  valuable  libraries  and  stocks  sold  at  forced  sales,  and  to 
accomplish  this  they  have  agents  in  all  the  principal  cities.  From  this 
source  they  gather  a  myriad  of  books  "(hat  will  make  the  eves  of  a  lover 
of  literature  sparkle  with  delight." 

"The  Old  Corner  Bookstore,"  at  the  corner  of  School  and  Washing- 
ton Streets,  occupied  by  A.  Williams  &  Co.,  importers,  publishers,  and 
booksellers,  is  a  quaint  and  attractive  literary  resort.  The  estate  once 
belonged  to  the  husband  of  the  famous  Ann   Hutchinson.     The  building, 

which  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  city, 
was  erected  in  171  2. 
by  Thomas  Crease, 
and  was  used  as  a 
dwelling-house  and 
as  an  apothecary- 
shop  till  1  8  2  <S. 
Since  then  it  has 
always  been  occu- 
pied by  booksellers, 
having  been  suc- 
cessively the  quar- 
ters of  Carter  &  Hendee,  W.  D.  Ticknor  &  Co.,  Ticknor  &  Fields,  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.,  and  A.  Williams  &  Co.  The  latter  firm  recently  enlarged 
the  establishment  to  more  than  double  its  former  capacity,  by  the  alteration 
of  buildings  in  the  rear  of  the  premises.  Messrs.  Williams  &  Co.  make  a 
specialty  of  Bibles,  prayer  and  Sunday-school  books,  and  church  publica- 


"  The  Old  Corner  Bookstore,"  Washington  Street. 


G'&    HANDBOOK    Of    BOS  TO  A 


rtment.  have  a  fir. 

ot  '-■  lustrated  standard  and  miscellanea 

al,  and  agricultural 
Lockwood,  Brooks,  &  Cc  at  the 

jklin    S  re    pub!  standard   works,  and   the 

in  B  on  a  large  scale,  the  stationery  with  the  wholesale 

busines  from   1842.  then  William 

and   H.  P.  Nichols.     The  firm  w;  ;.>lished  in  1875.     '■" 

-  in  every  department  of  literature,  the  supplying  t 


-'■■  ■  : 

being  [n   connection  with   its  retail  sfc  departmer 

:  and  steel-plate  printing.      It  manufactures  the  ct 

nment  mucilage,  and  the  Irving  writing  and  copying  ink. 
These  goods  received  the  highest  medal  at  the  Interna*  ion  in 

Philadelphia  in  nd  an  award  at  the  Mechanics'  Fair  in  B 

Anol  ilty  is  the  portable  bookcase  fEastlake  pattern),  of  which  the 

firm  are  the  sole  manufact  ;o  a  lar\ 

;tion  business  in  American  icals,  supplying  many  c 

and  public  librar 

W.   B.  Clarke,  340  Wash  robably  the  1 

retail  bookselling  in  this  country.     The  Iio 

deep,  with  a  basement  to  correspond :   and  the  shelves  are  r. 


138  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

commodious,  but  also  ingeniously  constructed  so  as  to  hold,  and  at  the  same 
time  display,  two  rows  of  books,  whether  large  quartos  or  small  32mos.  The 
stock  comprises  one  of  the  best  assortments  of  books  and  albums,  new  and 
second-hand,  cheap  and  expensive,  to  be  found  anywhere.  On  Clarke's 
shelves  are  displayed  many  rare  books  of  great  value,  hundreds  of  which 
are  bound  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art  by  Petit,  Cape,  and  Chambolle 
Duru  of  Paris,  Riviere  and  Bedford  of  London,  and  Matthews  of  New 
York.  An  immense  stock  of  juveniles  is  kept  on  hand;  and  a  specialty  is 
made  of  buying  bankrupt  stocks  and  those  damaged  by  fire,  the  result  of 
which  policy  is  that  Mr.  Clarke  always  has  a  great  general  assortment  of 
books  suited  to  every  conceivable  taste.  The  whole  stock  of  YV.  H.  Piper 
&  Co.,  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  was  purchased 
entire  by  Mr.  Clarke,  and  removed  to  his  own  shelves.  Mr.  Clarke  has  a 
particularly  fine  stock  of  Bibles,  prayer-books,  and  hymnals,  and  an  immense 
number  of  old  magazines  and  pamphlets.  He  also  does  a  large  business  in 
buying  second-hand  books,  appraising,  selling  on  commission,  and  taking 
subscriptions  for  leading  periodicals. 

The  New-England  News  Company  is  an  important  factor  in  the  book 
and  periodical  trade  of  the  city.  Here  the  vast  machinery  necessary  to  the 
distribution  of  the  thousands  of  books,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  and  news- 
papers produced  in  Boston,  New  York,  and  elsewhere,  is  constantly  in 
motion.  This  is  the  headquarters  for  the  small  dealers,  especially  those 
whose  trade  is  principally  in  the  line  of  newspapers  and  periodicals,  who 
here  receive,  fresh  from  the  press,  all  the  latest  publications.  At  certain 
hours  the  New-England  News  Company's  great  store  is  the  scene  of  the 
most  intense  activity  ;  and  one  might  there  get  a  fair  idea  of  the  enormous 
amount  of  labor  involved  in  supplying  the  reading-public  with  its  daily 
pabulum.  For  10  years  the  company's  warehouse  was  on  Court  Street, 
opposite  the  Court  House:  but  in  October,  1878,  a  removal  was  made  to 
commodious  and  elegant  quarters  at  Nos.  14  to  20  Franklin  Street. 

T.  O.  H.  P.  Burnham's  antique  and  modern  bookstore,  68  School  Street, 
is  the  veritable  paradise  of  bookworms:  and  the  proprietor  is  fitly  called 
"  the  Napoleon  of  Booksellers."  Four  stories  and  a  basement  are  packed 
with  books.  The  basement  runs  from  the  Parker  House  through  to  Tre- 
mont  Street,  and  is  a  solid  city  of  old  books,  with  excessively  narrow 
streets.  The  second  story  is  full  of  books,  including  many  of  Pickering's 
publications,  a  part  of  Daniel  Webster's  library,  and  some  rare  early  Ameri- 
can magazines.  There  is  also  a  room  for  Americana,  —  history,  biography, 
etc.,  all  carefully  classified.  On  the  third  floor  is  a  pamphlet-room,  contain- 
ing 60,000  pamphlets  in  all  languages,  and  also  thousands  of  old  novels. 
The  fourth  floor  is  piled  to  the  ceiling  with  musty  packages  of  old  periodi- 
cals.    The  stock  in  the  main    building    includes    over  125,000    books,  and 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


139 


there  are  from  5,000  to  8,000  more  stored  in  another  building.  Mr.  Burn- 
ham  has  no  catalogue,  but  his  system  of  classification  is  almost  perfect. 
The  business  was  founded  by  his  father,  in  1833,  in  a  store  on  Cornhill. 
The  establishment  was  subsequently  removed  to  Washington  Street,  and 
thence  in  1865  to  School  Street.  The  Burnhams  were  formerly  publishers; 
and  among  their  works  were  fine  editions  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  works,  and 
a  translation  of  the  Koran,  which  are  still  in  prinf. 

Frank  W.  Bird's  "  Old  Bookshop,"  at  No.  37  Cornhill,  occupies  the 
building  formerly  known  as  "  The  Universalists'  Headquarters."  The 
"  Shop  "  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  lovers 
of  old  and  curious  things ;  and  here  they 
find  four  stories  filled  with  thousands  of 
volumes  of  new  and  second-hand  books, 
government  publications,  old-fashioned 
school-books,  back  numbers  of  magazines 
and  papers,  and  the  "  odds  and  ends  "  of 
literature  in  general.  Standard  works  in 
various  bindings  and  conditions  are  al- 
ways to  be  found  here.  The  stock  is 
carefully  arranged  and  displayed  in  ap- 
propriate departments,  and  is  easily 
looked  through  by  reason  of  the  system 
adopted  and  the  light  afforded  from  the 
windows  that  are  on  the  three  sides  of 
the  store.  There  is  probably  no  place 
in  New  England  where  back  numbers  of 
almost  any  publication  can  be  obtained 
as  readily  as  at  "  The  Old  Bookshop." 
Mr.  Bird  publishes  gratuitously  a  com- 
prehensive catalogue  of  his  stock.  A 
specialty  is  made  of  buying  and  selling 
the  text-books  used  in  Harvard  University  and  the  public  schools. 

A.  W.  Lovering,  at  399  Washington  Street,  occupies  the  archway  that 
leads  to  the  Lowell  Institute  Hall,  formerly  the  Marlborough  Chapel.  The 
archway  was  the  driveway  to  the  stables  of  the  Marlborough  House  when 
stage-coaches  were  in  vogue.  Mr.  Lovering  also  occupies  two  stores,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  archway,  and  four  basements.  His  stock  of  books, 
new  and  second-hand,  of  every  description,  is  one  of  the  largest  in  Boston, 
and  consists  chiefly  of  "  remainders  "  of  stocks  from  publishers  and  from 
public  sales.  One  feature  of  this  establishment  is  its  gift-enterprise  busi- 
ness, which,  to  say  the  least,  is  rather  discreditable  to  the  book-trade ;  for  it 
would  seem  that  the  contents  or  value  of  books  in  themselves  ought  to  be  a 


Frank  W.  Bird's  "  Old  Bookshop,"  37  Cornhill. 


140  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

sufficient  inducement  to  buyers.  Mr.  Lovering  began  in  the  book-business 
in  Exeter,  N.H.,  where  he  continued  it  for  10  years.  He  then  decided  to 
"go  West,"  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and 
afterwards  one  of  the  first  voters  in  Dacotah  Territory.  After  his  return 
he  began  again  in  the  book-business  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  about  20 
years  ago  removed  to  Boston.  At  first  he  was  tempted  to  canvass  for  the 
"  Panoramic  Guide  to  the  St.  Lawrence,''  a  work  published  by  John  P, 
Jewett  &  Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Lovering  sold  30,000  copies.  Shortly  after  this 
he  began  in  the  archway,  and  has  remained  there  for  nearly  a  score  of  years. 
In  the  mean  time  he  has  occupied  several  other  stores  in  the  vicinity;  and 
by  his  persistency  and  unlimited  advertising  has  done  an  extensive  business. 

George  E.  Littlefield,  No.  67  Cornhill,  is  a  dealer  in  old,  rare,  and 
curious  books  ;  and  his  place  is  a  favorite  resort  of  those  in  search  of  such 
literature.  His  collection  of  Americana  is  one  of  the'  largest  in  the  city. 
He  also  makes  a  specialty  of  buying  libraries,  and  the  rarer  classes  of  books 
and  prints.     Mr.  Littlefield  is  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College. 

Fred.  W.  Barry,  established  in  1874,  occupies  a  building,  owned  by  the 
Fifty  Associates,  on  a  lot  made  triangular  in  shape  by  the  opening  of  Wash- 
ington Street,  at  the  corner  of  Elm.  His  specialties  are  second-hand 
standard  works,  although  his  stock  comprises  new  and  second-hand  books 
of  every  description.  In  connection  with  his  book  business  he  keeps  a 
good  line  of  commercial  stationery. 

The  Great  Printing  Establishments  of  Boston  and  vicinity  are,  of  course, 
the  natural  companions  of  the  many  and  extensive  publishing  houses. 
These  establishments  not  only  do  the  work  of  the  local  firms,  but  also  draw 
a  large  amount  of  work  from  all  parts  of  America.  Harper  &  Brothers, 
Sheldon  &  Co.,  Dodd,  Mead,  &  Co.,  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  Ivison,  Blakeman, 
Taylor,  &  Co.,  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  The  Henry  Bill  Publishing  Co., 
Fords,  Howard,  &  Hulbert,  and  a  host  of  other  leading  publishers,  have 
considerable  work  done  in  this  vicinity.  Among  the  printing  establish- 
ments worthy  of  most  mention,  are  those  of  Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  Rockwell 
&  Churchill,  the  Forbes  Lithographing  Co.,  John  Wilson  &  Son,  the  River- 
side Press,  the  University  Press,  L.  Prang  &  Co.,  Alfred  Mudge  &  Son, 
and  the  Boston  Stereotype  Foundry,  all  of  which  have  national  reputations. 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.'s  printing-house  occupies  the  Franklin  Buildings, 
at  the  south-west  corner  of  Franklin  and  Federal  Streets.  Immense  in 
extent,  with  an  elaborate  and  thorough  equipment,  and  executing  work 
great  in  amount  and  varied  in  character,  it  stands  without  an  equal ;  and 
probably  no  one  firm  has  become  better  known  throughout  the  United 
States.  By  the  shrewd  foresight  and  extensive  influence  of  the  firm, 
around  these   Franklin  Buildings   have  been  drawn   the  heavy  paper  and 


illPHIilll'illlll 


PRINTERS    &    STEREOTYPERS 


ROCKWELL  &  CHURCHILL'S  PRINTING-HOUSE, 
Arch  Street,   Boston. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  141 

publishing  interests  of  the  city;  while  upon  the  four  corners  of  the  square 
in  front  are  the  banking-rooms  of  four  of  the  leading  banks  of  Boston. 
The  Franklin  Buildings  are  among  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  prominent 
buildings  in  the  rebuilt  "  Burnt  District."  They  are  built  in  a  superior 
manner,  of  Nova  Scotia  stone,  have  a  frontage  of  100  feet  upon  each  street, 
and  a  floor  surface  of  half  an  acre  on  each  of  the  six  stories  and  basement. 
Under  the  sidewalks  are  large  fireproof  vaults,  heated  by  steam  and  lighted 
by  gas,  for  the  storage  of  electrotype  and  stereotype  plates,  engravings,  cuts, 
and  other  valuables  of  publishers  and  authors.  The  value  of  the  property 
here  deposited  cannot  be  accurately  stated ;  but  some  idea  can  be  given  by 
the  statement  that  over  $1,000,000  worth  of  property  was  stored  in  the  much 
smaller  vaults  in  the  old  establishment  of  the  firm  in  Cornhill,  partially 
destroyed  by  fire  on  the  night  of  Nov.  20,  1872.  In  their  present  buildings 
Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.  perform  every  part  of  the  art  of  book-making.  But 
they  do  not  confine  their  attention  solely  to  this.  They  have  become  widely 
known  as  great  railroad  printers,  and  as  publishers  of  the  "  Pathfinder  Rail- 
way Guide."  There  is  not  a  department  of  bank,  insurance,  or  commercial 
business,  that  has  not  received  from  this  firm  evidences  of  their  skill  and 
artistic  taste.  Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.'s  latest  enterprise  was  the  securing  of  the 
contract  for  the  State  printing;  and  they  now  enjoy  the  distinction  of  oper- 
ating the  largest  printing  establishment  in  the  United  States,  and  also  the 
official  indorsement  of  "  Printers  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts." 

Rockwell  &  Churchill  have  won  a  leading  position  in  the  printing-trade. 
Originally  established  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Water  Streets,  their 
increasing  business  soon  demanded  more  room;  and  in  1870  an  auxiliary 
office  was  opened  in  Lindall  Street.  The  latter  was  swept  away  in  the 
Great  Fire  of  1872;  and,  after  occupying  temporary  quarters,  in  1875  the 
building  on  Arch  Street,  which  they  now  occupy,  was  erected  from  plans 
prepared  by  them.  For  convenience  and  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the 
modern  printing-office,  this  is  not  excelled  by  any  in  the  city.  In  the  base- 
ment are  the  fireproof  safes  for  the  storage  of  plates  ;  in  the  second  story, 
the  counting-room  and  the  job  composition-room;  in  the  third  story  are 
the  job-presses  and  dry-pressing  room ;  in  the  fourth  story,  the  presses  for 
book,  pamphlet,  and  cut  work ;  and  the  fifth  is  entirely  occupied  by  the 
department  of  composition  of  books  and  pamphlets.  The  character  of 
the  business  transacted  by  this  firm  covers  a  wide  range,  —  from  the 
smallest  job  required  by  the  trader  to  the  largest  and  most  difficult  classes 
of  book-work.  They  have  lately  given  particular  attention  to  the  production 
of  library-catalogue  work,  —  which  is  the  most  exacting  in  its  demand  for 
accuracy  of  typographical  preparation  and  perfection  of  press-work,  —  and 
in  this  line  have  achieved  a  marked  success.  For  several  years  the  printing 
for  the  city  of  Boston  has  been  performed  by  this  firm.     In  the  line  of  job- 


142  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

printing,  their  productions  are  conspicuous  for  novelty  and  attractiveness. 
At  the  Mechanics'  Fair,  in  the  autumn  of  1878,  Rockwell  &  Churchill 
exhibited  some  specimens  of  work,  selected  at  random  from  samples  of 
work  done  at  the  order  of  their  customers,  —  none  specially  prepared  for 
the  occasion ;  and  for  this  exhibit  were  awarded  a  silver  medal,  being  the 
highest  possible  award.  The  house  has  an  established  reputation  for 
enterprise,  progress,  and  good  taste,  which  it  appears  well  able  to  sustain. 

The  Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Company  occupies,  for  its  prin- 
cipal establishment,  the  large  and  beautiful  marble  building  fronting  on 
Franklin  and  Devonshire  Streets.  Four  floors  of  the  building  run  through 
from  Devonshire  to  Arch  Street,  and  three  the  full  length  of  the  building 
on  Devonshire  Street.  Notwithstanding  the  extensive  accommodations  in 
this  building,  the  work  has  increased  so  much  that  special  departments 
are  carried  on  elsewhere  in  work-rooms  containing  some  10,000  square  feet 
of  floor  surface  on  both  Washington  and  Beach  Streets.  The  work  of  this 
establishment  includes,  among  its  different  processes,  lithography  in  all  its 
branches,  from  the  ordinary  label  to  fine  chromo-work ;  embossing,  type 
and  block  printing  of  every  class ;  plate  printing;  photography;  photo-lith- 
ography; and  the  Albertype  process,  by  which  engravings,  photographs, 
drawings,  etc.,  are  reproduced,  in  facsimile,  with  great  delicacy  and  finish. 
The  company  give  steady  work  to  over  300  hands  ;  employ  a  corps  of  45 
designers,  engravers,  and  lithograph  artists,  —  a  number  far  in  excess  of 
that  of  any  other  concern  in  the  business  ;  run  70  presses,  and  print  at 
least  three  tons  of  paper  daily.  The  services  of  six  stone-grinders,  using 
improved  machinery,  are  required  to  grind  and  polish  the  lithograph-stones 
used,  of  which  the  company  have  nearly  200  tons.  They  manufacture 
largely  for  the  English  and  German  trade,  in  addition  to  their  domestic 
orders,  which  are  more  uniformly  from  large  corporations  than  those  of  any 
house  in  the  printing  line.  This  company  does  a  good  share  of  the  theatri- 
cal printing  of  all  grades.  With  a  branch  house  in  New  York,  and  an 
agent  in  London,  this  company  have  a  large  field  to  work.  The  accom- 
panying illustration  of  the  Forbes  Lithographing  Establishment,  and  also 
that  of  the  New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co.,  are  specimens  of  one 
class  of  work  done  by  the  Albertype  process  mentioned  above.  They  are 
photographs  made  with  printers'  ink,  and  are  therefore  as  imperishable  as 
ordinary  prints.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1875  ;  and  its  officers 
are  William  P.  Hunt  president,  and  William  H.  Forbes  treasurer. 

On  the  first  floor  of  the  building  occupied  by  the  Forbes  Lithograph- 
ing Establishment  are  the  elegant  banking-rooms  of  the  National  Revere 
Bank,  one  of  the  large  and  solid  financial  institutions  of  Boston.  It  was 
organized  as  a  State  bank  in  1859,  and  has  had  a  prosperous  career.  Its 
capital  is  $1,500,000,  and  its  gross  assets  are  nearly  $5,000,000.  George 
S.  Bullens  is  the  president,  and  H.  Blasdale  the  cashier. 


Albertypc  —Forbes  Co.,  Boston. 


FORBES    LITHOGRAPH-MANUFACTURING    CO. 
Franklin   and    Devonshire  Streets,    Boston. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


M3 


Thomas  Groom  &  Co.,  the  successors  of  David  Felt  &  Co.,  established 
in  1 815,  have  been  in  the 
same  location  for  nearly 
fifty  years,  and  to-day  are 
one  of  the  oldest,  most 
reliable,  and  best-known  1 
firms  in  the  stationery 
trade.  They  are  import- 
ers, dealers,  and  jobbers 
in  foreign  stationery. 
They  manufacture  every 
conceivable  style  of 
blank-books,  do  an  ex- 
tensive printing  and 
lithographing  business, 
and  keep  the  largest 
and  best  stock  of  its 
kind  in  New  England. 
The  basement  of  their 
building,  No.  82  State 
Street,  is  piled  with  flat 
papers ;  the  first  story 
contains  a  general  stock 
of  first-class  stationery; 
the  second,  their  whole- 
sale department  ;  the 
fourth,  their  ordinary 
and  numerical  printing- 
presses  ;  and  the  upper 
stories  are  used  for 
their  bindery,  where 
their  blank  books  are 
made.  The  India  Build- 
ing, which  Messrs.  Groom  &  Co.  occupy,  was  built  in  1855  expressly  for  them. 

Winkley,  Thorp,  &  Dresser,  the  successors  of  the  Cambridgeport  Diary 
Company,  whose  school-book  business  has  already  been  mentioned,  are 
among  the  leading  stationers  and  blank-book  manufacturers  in  the  city. 
Their  commodious  store  and  basement  in  the  beautiful  Rialto  Building  on 
Devonshire  Street,  opposite  the  main  entrance  to  the  Post-office,  contains  a 
large  and  varied  line  of  goods  usually  sold  by  stationers  and  blank-book 
manufacturers,  including  Bibles,  albums,  and  morocco  and  Russia-leather 
goods.     This  firm  are  the  agents  for  Foster's  patent  double-pointed  tooth- 


Thomas  Groom  &  Co.,  82  State  Street. 


144 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


picks,  of  which  more  than  4,000  cases,  containing  in  all  1,000,000,000  picks, 
are  sold  yearly;  and  also  for  "Dean's  Interest  and  Equation  Exponents," 
a  work  now  universally  used  by  the  ablest  accountants  as  the  shortest  and 
most  convenient  method  of  averaging  accounts,  computing  interest,  and 
ascertaining  maturities  and  periods  of  time.  Messrs.  Winkley,  Thorp,  & 
Dresser,  although  young  men,  have  had  a  long  experience  in  the  trade  ; 
Messrs.  Winkley  and  Thorp  having  been  for  many  years  with  Nichols  & 
Hall,  and  Mr.  Dresser  with  the  Cambridgeport  Diary  Company. 


There  are  in  Boston  at  the  present  day  9  daily  papers,  5  semi-weekly, 
67  weekly,  and  7  Sunday  papers,  6  fortnightly  publications,  90  monthly  peri- 
odicals, and  11  quarterlies.  Brief  notices  of  some  of  the  most  important  of 
these  will  be  given.     And  first  come  the  daily  newspapers. 

"  The  Daily  Advertiser  "  is  published  in  a  plain,  substantial  edifice  of 
stone,  situated  on  Court  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  printing-office  in  which 

Franklin  learned  his  trade, 
nearly  opposite  the  court- 
house, a  large  portion  of  it 
being  utilized  as  lawyers'  of- 
fices. The  editorial  rooms,  on 
the  fourth  floor,  are  comforta- 
ble, but  not  convenient  in 
arrangement.  The  counting- 
room,  on  the  ground  floor,  is 
finely  appointed.  The  paper, 
which  is  the  oldest  daily  in 
Boston,  enjoys  a  substantial 
prosperity,  its  circulation  being 
principally  among  the  wealthy 
and  cultivated  people  of  Bos- 
ton and  New  England.  It  is 
Republican,  and  aims  to  rep- 
resent the  advanced  and  en- 
lightened wing  of  its  party. 
Its  editor-in-chief  is  D.  A.  God- 
dard,  whose  corps  of  assistants 
includes  some  able  and  schol- 
arly men.  These  writers  give 
to    the    paper   a   conservative 

"Tne  Boston  Advertiser,"  Court  Street.  and    cultured    tone,    which,    to- 

gether with  its  literary  features,  makes  it  acceptable  to  a  class  of  readers 
whose  influence  is  far  out  of  proportion  to  their  numbers.  "  The  Advertiser  " 
is  a  large  folio,  well  printed  on  good  paper. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


r45 


"The  Boston  Herald"  is  by  far  the  most  successful  of  the  local  papers. 
Its  first  number  appeared  in  1846  as  an  evening  daily,  neutral  in  politics. 
It  was  a  small  paper,  issued  at  one  cent  a  copy,  containing  four  pages  of 
five  columns  each.  The  edition  was  2,000  copies.  The  first  editor  was 
William  O.  Eaton,  a  young  man  22  years  of  age.  So  successful  was  its 
early  management,  that  in  1847  "The  Herald,"  in  enlarged  form  and  new 
dress,  appeared  with  morning,  evening,  and  weekly  editions,  but  the  latter 
feature  was  discontinued  in  1851.  The  columns  were  enlarged  two  inches 
in  1854,  and  15  years  afterwards  the  paper  was  changed  to  its  present  size 
of  four  pages,  each  containing  eight  columns.  There  have  been  frequent 
issues  of  double  that  size.  The  great  cost  of  white  paper  in  1862  raised  the 
price  per  copy  of  "  The  Herald  "  to  two  cents,  and  again  in  1864  to  three 
cents,  from  which  it  was  reduced  in  1865  to  its  present  price  of  two  cents. 
There  were  many  changes  in  the  style  of  the  firm  owning  the  establishment 
until  1869,  when  R.  M.  Pulsifer  &  Co.  bought  the  paper.  Since  that  time 
there  have  been  two  withdrawals  from  the  firm,  which  otherwise  remains  the 
same.  A  good  idea  of  the  kind  of  news  demanded  by  the  people  can  be 
gleaned  from  the  following  memoranda  of  the  number  of  copies  sold  when 
"  The  Herald"  contained  the  news  of  the  events  cited  :  — 


1863 
865 


866 
867 
868 


870 
870 
870 
871 

871 
871 
871 
872 

872 
872 


The  draft  riots  and  Lee's  march 
into  Pennsylvania 

The  evacuation  of  Richmond 

Lee's  surrender      ...... 

The  assassination  of  President 
Lincoln 

The  Fenian  raids 

The  election  returns 

The  returns  of  presidential  elec- 
tion    

The  great  storm 

The  Fenian  raids 

The  Franco-Prussian  war    .     .     . 

The  battle  of  Sedan 

The  Eastern  Railroad  accident 
at  Revere 

The  Chicago  conflagration .     .     . 

The  election  returns  .     .  .     . 

The  Orange  riot  in  New  York      . 

The  assassination  of  James  Fisk, 
jun 

The  destruction  of  the  incomplete 
jubilee  Coliseum  by  a  gale     .     . 

A  murder  at  the  North  End    .     . 


NO.  OF 
COPIES. 

YEAR 

1872. 

74,000 

1872. 

60,000 

1872. 

6o,000 

1873. 

1874. 

83.520 

1874. 

70,000 

1874. 

72,720 

1875. 

l875- 

78,000 

75,844 

1875- 

95,000 

90,000 

l875- 

100,000 

l875- 

1876. 

111,840 

1876. 

113,280 

1876. 

100,320 

1876. 

96,240 

1876. 

1876. 

113,760 

108,240 

119,280 

1876. 

The  October  election  returns  . 

The  November  election  returns 

The  Boston  conflagration   . 

The  Credit-Mobilier  scandal    . 

The  November  elections     .     . 

The  Beecher-Tilton  case     .     . 

The  second  Chicago  conflagration 

The  Beecher-trial 

The  battle  of  Bunker-hill  centen 
nial 

The  execution  of  Wagner,  Gor 
don,  and  Costley 

The  November  election  returns 

The  Concord-fight  celebration 

Piper's  first  confession    .     .     . 

Piper's  second  confession    .     . 

Piper's  execution 

The  October  elections     .     .     . 

The  presidential  elections    .     . 

The  day  after  the  election  returns 
(said  to  be  the  largest  edition 
ever  printed  by  an  American 
daily  newspaper) 

The  November  elections     .     .     , 


NO.  OF 
COPIES. 

100,748 
119,076 
220,000 
137,000 
139,212 
137,000 
130,086 
158,698 

134.952 
134.430 
132,577 

I34.710 

158,492 

I74,3i8 
139,480 
147,216 


223,256 
190,384 


In  1847  "  The  American  Eagle,"  and  in  1857  "  The  Daily  Times,"  were 
purchased.     In  1854  the  letter-list  advertising,  that  for  seven  consecutive 


146 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


years  had  been  claimed  as  a  right  by  virtue  of  the  largest  circulation,  was 
awarded  "  The  Herald."  The  counting-room,  first  at  No.  15  State  Street, 
was  moved  to  several  places,  and  finally,  in  1851,  to  No.  103  (now  numbered 
241)  Washington  Street,  where  it  remained  until  February,  1878,  when  the 
new  building  was  occupied.  The  main  building,  at  No.  255  Washington 
Street,  has  a  frontage  of  31  feet  9  inches  and  a  length  of  179  feet.  An  L 
leading  into  Williams  Court  has  a  frontage  of  24^  feet,  and  a  length  of  40 
feet.  The  total  ground  surface  is  about  6,200  square  feet.  The  Washing- 
ton-street front,  in  the  French  Renaissance  style,  is  clearly  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration.  The  building  has  six  stories  and  a  high  base- 
ment. The  entire  finish  and  furnishing  of  the  building  is  elaborate  and 
beautiful,  and  the  arrangement  is  generally  conceded  to  be  superior  to  that 
of  any  other  newspaper  office  in  this  country.  There  are  four  Bullock 
presses  in  the  basement,  capable  of  printing  86;ooo  papers  an  hour.  It  is 
said  that  "The  Herald"  presses  can  print  more  papers  in  any  given  time 
than  the  presses  of  all  other  Boston  dailies  combined.  "The  Herald's"  cir- 
culation on  week-days  averages  100,000  copies,  and  on  Sundays  75,000  copies. 
"The  Boston  Post"  is  the  leading  Democratic  commercial  morning 
newspaper  of  Boston.     It  is  published  by  the  Post  Publishing  Company, 

at  No.  17  Milk  Street,  and  sells  for  4  cents  a 
copy.  Its  new  iron  building  stands  on  the  spot 
where  Benjamin  Franklin  was  born  ;  and  a  bust 
of  the  famous  printer  ornaments  the  front.  The 
business-office  is  on  the  ground-floor.  The  edi- 
torial rooms,  which  are  reached  after  a  breath- 
less climb  of  an  iron  staircase,  consist  of  private 
rooms  for  the  editor  and  his  assistants,  and  neat 
rooms  for  the  night-editor,  city-editor,  and  the  re- 
porters. "  The  Post's "  history  dates  back  to 
1 83 1.  It  was  at  first  a  small  sheet  of  16  columns, 
from  which  it  has  been  enlarged  at  various  times 
until  it  now  contains  36  long  columns.  Col. 
Charles  G.  Greene  was  the  founder  and  first  editor. 
He  did  much  to  make  a  reputation  for  the  paper 
by  his  straightforward  and  honest  style  of  treat- 
ing public  questions.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say, 
that,  under  his  editorship,  it  became  the  leading 
Democratic  daily  in  the  country,  as  well  as  a  lead- 
ing representative  commercial  paper  of  Boston. 
There  is  young  blood  still  in  "  The  Post,"  and 
-The  Boston  Post,"  Milk  street     {{  shows  constant  evidence  of  wise  and  careful 

management  and  enterprise.     The  editorial  department  has  always  had  a 


THE  BOSTON   HERALD'S  NEW   BUILDING, 
Washington  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


147 


good  reputation,  on  account  of  the  clear  and  vigorous  character  of  the 
language,  as  well  as  the  courteous  and  fair  attitude  maintained,  even  in 
dealing  with  political  adversaries.  The  "  All-Sorts  "  column  of  paragraphs, 
on  the  first  page,  has  ever  been  an  attractive  feature  of  "  The  Post," 
and  the  sprightly  character  of  the  department  has  been  admirably  main- 
tained. "Mrs.  Partington"  (B.  P.  Shillaber)  made  her  reputation  for 
genial  humor  in  the  columns  of  "The  Post."  Its  large  and  permanent 
circulation  is  chiefly  among  the  business-men  and  the  most  influential 
classes  of  the  people,  at  their  homes  and  places  of  business. 

"  The  Boston  Evening  Transcript "  is  an  independent  Republican  news- 
paper, owned  by 
the  heirs  of  Hen- 
ry W.  Dutton  & 
Son,  who  still 
continue  the  firm 
name.  It  was 
founded  in  1830, 
and  is  the  oldest 
evening  paper  in 
New  England.  It 
has  been  a  sub- 
stantial success 
from  the  start. 
The  present 
quarters  of  "The 
Transcript"  are 
in  a  large  and 
handsome  build- 
ing, at  the  corner 
of  Washington 
and  Milk  Streets, 
erected  to  replace 
the  office  burned 
by  the  Great  Fire 
of  1872.  It  is 
one  of  the  most 
commodious  and  \ 
elegant  in  the  city. 
"The  Transcript" 
occupies    a    field 

„  .  ,  "  The  Boston  Transcript."  Washington   Street. 

practically     with- 
out a  rival.     It  is  the  largest  daily  in  New  England,  is  of  quarto  form,  hand- 


148  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

somely  printed  on  good  paper,  publishing  all  associated-press  reports,  a 
great  amount  of  well-selected  miscellaneous  reading,  poetry,  book-reviews, 
foreign  gleanings,  and  general  gossip.  It  is  pre-eminently  a  family  paper, 
and  its  circulation  is  chiefly  among  the  wealthy  and  intelligent  people  of 
Boston  and  its  suburbs.  The  political  attitude  of  the  paper  has  recently 
gained  for  it  the  approbation  of  the  most  progressive  and  far-seeing  class 
of  Republicans.  The  quiet  and  dignified  tone  of  the  editorial  page,  and 
the  absence  in  the  paper  of  any  thing  which  appeals  to  the  popular  craving 
for  sensationalism,  go  far  toward  winning  for  "  The  Transcript  "  the  esteem 
of  its  readers  and  the  success  it  enjoys.  The  business-manager  is  William 
Durant,  and  the  editor-in-chief  William  A.  Hovey.     The  daily  sells  at  4  cents. 

"  The  Boston  Journal "  is  a  Republican  morning  and  evening  news- 
paper, conducted  by  S.  N.  Stockwell  and  W.  W.  Clapp,  who  are  also  part 
owners.  It  has  been  in  existence  about  45  years,  and  has  attained  a  firm 
foothold  among  the  thrifty  middle-class  Republicans ;  its  special  strongholds 
being  in  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  and  the  country  towns  of  Massachusetts, 
where  for  many  years  it  has  been  the  constant  companion  and  counsellor 
of  hundreds  of  sturdy  farmers.  "  The  Journal  "  occupies  a  commodious 
structure  at  No.  264  Washington  Street,  and  has  its  press-rooms  on  Water 
Street.  The  business-office  is  handsome  and  well  appointed  ;  and  the  edi- 
torial and  reportorial  rooms  are  three  flights  above.  "  The  Journal "  is 
printed  on  two  Hoe  presses  of  six  and  eight  cylinders  respectively.  It  aims 
to  secure  full,  prompt,  and  reliable  intelligence  from  all  quarters  of  the 
world.  The  local  news  columns  are  full  and  fresh,  there  being  a  large  and 
active  staff  of  reporters.  No  attempt  is  made  at  fine  writing  ;  and  the  paper 
has  a  practical,  business-like  tone,  which  is  suited  to  the  tastes  of  its  con- 
stituency.    "  The  Journal  "  is  a  large  folio  sheet,  and  sells  at  3  cents  a  copy. 

"The  Daily  Evening  Traveller"  is  published  at  No.  31  State  Street  by 
Roland  Worthington  &  Co.  It  was  the  first  two-cent  evening  paper  estab- 
lished in  Boston,  and  was  founded  in  1845.  ^n  that  day  it  was  the  great 
paper  for  stage-coaches.  It  has  always  borne  an  excellent  reputation  as  a 
news-gatherer.  At  one  period  it  was  for  a  short  time  a  quarto,  under  the 
editorship  of  Samuel  Bowles.  It  is  now  a  large  folio,  with  36  long  columns, 
issued  at  3  cents.  Where  the  Traveller  Building  now  is,  nearly  100  years 
ago  Benjamin  Russell  began  the  publication  of  "  The  Columbian  Centinel." 
"  The  Traveller  "  moved  here  about  30  years  ago,  when  crowded  out  of 
the  Old  State  House,  where  its  office  had  been.  In  politics  the  paper  is 
aggressively  Republican,  and  sustains  its  opinions  with  great  vigor.  Its 
news-departments  are  well  sustained.  The  review  of  the  week,  long  a  fea- 
ture of  the  Saturday  edition,  ably  conducted  by  C.  C.  Hazewell,  is  valuable 
for  filing  as  a  record  of  passing  events.  A  good  illustration  of  the  Traveller 
Building  can  be  seen  in  the  chapter  on  "The  Public  Buildings." 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  149 

"  The  Boston  Globe  "  is  a  Democratic  morning  and  evening  newspaper, 
issuing  from  "six  to  eight  editions  daily.  It  is  the  youngest  of  the  daily 
papers  in  Boston,  although  now  nearly  seven  years  old.  It  was  first  started 
as  an  eight-page  newspaper,  independent  in  politics,  and  so  continued  until 
March,  1878 ;  but  it  is  now  a  folio  during  the  week,  and  a  quarto  on  Sundays. 
As  a  two-cent  Democratic  paper  it  has  secured  a  large  circulation,  which  is 
steadily  increasing.  "  The  Sunday  Globe  "  has  also  secured  a  wide  and 
profitable  circulation.  The  "  Daily  "  and  "  Sunday  "  find  readers,  of  course, 
in  this  State,  and  throughout  New  England  ;  while  "The  Boston  Weekly 
Globe "  circulates  in  every  State  and  Territory  in  the  Union.  "  The 
Globe  "  Building,  Nos.  236  and  238  Washington  Street,  is  large  and  unpre- 
tentious, extending  through  to  Devonshire  Street.  It  was  formerly  occu- 
pied by  "  The  Boston  Transcript."  "  The  Globe  "  is  well  fitted  out  in  each 
department,  stereotypes  its  forms,  and  with  its  new  press  has  facilities  for 
turning  out  50,000  papers  per  hour.  "  The  Globe  "  is  especially  enter- 
prising in  its  efforts  to  obtain  the  latest  news,  —  the  National  Associated 
Press  furnishing  the  groundwork  of  its  despatches, — and  it  has  a  large 
corps  of  special  correspondents  throughout  New  England,  and  at  leading 
centres  throughout  the  United  States. 

Besides  the  daily  papers  mentioned  above,  there  are  two  which  do  not 
cater  to  the  general  public  ;  viz.,  "  The  Daily  Law  Reporter,"  and  "  The 
Daily  Hotel  Reporter."  Several  of  the  daily  papers  issue  semi-weekly  edi- 
tions, and  all  of  them  except  "  The  Herald  "  have  weekly  editions.  There 
are  seven  Sunday  papers,  of  which  the  "Herald"  and  "Globe"  are  the 
appendages  of  a  daily  edition.  The  other  five  are  "  The  Saturday  Evening 
Gazette,"  "  The  Courier,"  "  The  Times,"  "  The  Commonwealth,"  and  "  The 
Express."  "  The  Courier "  and  "  The  Times  "  were  formerly  dailies. 
"  The  Courier"  is  not  a  newspaper ;  but  its  literary  features  are  remarkably 
good.  "The  Gazette  "  makes  money  by  its  "Out  and  About"  column  of 
society  and  fashion,  news  and  gossip.  All  the  Sunday  papers  pay  special 
attention  to  dramatic  and  musical  matters,  and  each  has  features  of  its 
own  which  are  more  or  less  attractive.  In  looking  over  the  list  of  news- 
papers and  periodicals  published  in  Boston,  one  is  surprised  to  find  how  few 
of  them  are  printed  in  any  other  language  than  the  English.  There  are,  in 
fact,  only  five  of  these.  Many  of  the  periodicals  printed  in  Boston  are  of  a 
religious  character;  and  almost  every  sect  and  creed  has  its  organ  here, 
The  most  famous  periodical,  however,  that  emanates  from  the  "  Hub  "  is 
"  The  Atlantic  Monthly."  "  The  American  Architect,"  established  by 
James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.,  is  a  publication  that  well  merits  success. 

Bicknell's  Journals.  —  "The  New-England  Journal  of  Education "  was 
established  in  Boston  in  1875,  uniting  in  itself  four  State  teachers'  journals 
and  "  The  College  Courant  "  of  New  Haven.     It  had  for  its  supporters  the 


150  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

members  of  the  American  Institute  of  Instruction  and  those  of  the  several 
State  teachers'  associations  of  New  England,  and  was  the  first  weekly  edu- 
cational paper  started  in  America.  In  1876  "The  National  Journal  of 
Education "  was  published  from  the  same  office.  In  1877  "The  Primary 
Teacher"  and  "Good  Times,"  monthlies,  were  added  to  the  list;  all  pub- 
lished by  the  New-England  Publishing  Company,  a  corporation  of  which 
Thomas  W.  Bicknell  is  president,  who  is  also  business  manager  of  all  the 
interests  of  the  company,  and  editor  of  the  journals  of  education.  These 
publications  have  a  wide  circulation,  not  only  in  New  England,  but  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  and  represent,  in  their  editorial  and  contributors'  col- 
umns, the  best  talent  of  the  profession.  They  touch,  by  their  discussions, 
all  grades  of  school-work,  and  reach  all  classes  of  teachers.  The  best  evi- 
dence of  their  merit  is  the  fact  that  these  publications  received  the  highest 
award  given  at  Paris,  in  the  great  International  Exposition  of  1878,  to  any 
educational  papers  in  the  world.  The  editorial  and  counting  rooms  of  these 
periodicals  are  at  No.  16  Hawley  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


1S1 


EJje  Soul  of  tjje  Citou 


THE    RELIGIOUS   ORGANIZATIONS, —THEIR   PLACES    OF    WORSHIP, 

AND   THEIR   PASTORS. 


r  I  'HE  first  meeting-house  in   Boston  was  a  small,  homely  building,  with 


-■-    mud  walls  and   thatched  roof. 


The  accompanying  illustration  from 
"  Harper's  Weekly  "  is  said  to  give  a 
fair  idea  of  its  outward  appearance. 
It  stood  near  the  head  of  State  Street. 
It  was  erected  in  1632:  John  Wilson 
and  John  Cotton  were  its  pastors.  In 
1639  this  house  of  worship  was  suc- 


ceeded 


by    a    more    preten- 
structure   on   Wash- 


First  Meeting-house  in  Boston. 


now: 


rebuilt  in  1 7 1 3,  and  in  1808  torn 
down. 

The  "  First  Church  "  society 
(Congregational  Unitarian),  of 
which  Rufus  Ellis,  D.D.,  is 
pastor,  built  another  church  in 
Chauncy  Place  the  same  year, 
which  in  1868  gave  place  to  the 
present  fine  church  building  at 
the  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Marl- 
borough Streets.  This  church 
cost  about  $325,000,  and  is  a 
beautiful  structure.  It  accom- 
modates about  1,000  persons, 
has  a  very  fine  organ,  windows 
of  stained  glass,  an  exterior 
carriage-porch  of  unique  design, 
and  is  elegantly  finished.  The 
music  is  equal  to  that  of  any 
other  church  in  Boston.    The  architects  were  Ware  &  Van  Brunt  of  Boston. 


The  "  First  Church,"   Berkeley  Street 


*52 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


The  second  church  in  the  city  was  built  in  1649,  in  North  Square.  The 
first  Roman  Catholic  in  1789;  the  first  Methodist  (church  on  Hanover  Ave- 
nue) in  1796;  the  first  Universalist  (church  corner  of  Hanover  and  Bennett 
Streets)  in  1785. 

The  early  church  history  of  Boston  is  full  of  interest,  but  the  details 
are  too  voluminous  to  be  given  here. 

The  Old  South,  corner  of  Washington  and  Milk  Streets,  is  the  most 
famous  meeting-house  in  Boston,  by  reason  of  its  historical  associations. 
The  Old  South  Society  was  organized  in  1669;  and  the  meeting-house  was 
built  soon  afterwards  on  a  piece  of  land  given  by  Mrs.  Norton,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  John  Norton.  In  1729  the  original  meeting-house,  which  was  of  wood, 
was  taken  down,  and  the  present  brick  structure  was  built  on  the  same  spot. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  famous 
u  landmarks  "  of  old  Boston,  and 
one  of  the  few  historic  buildings 
that  have  been  allowed  to  remain 
standing  in  this  iconoclastic  age 
and  country.  The  associations 
that  cluster  around  the  Old 
South  are  certainly  of  a  nature 
that  should  make  the  building 
precious  in  the  eyes  of  patriotic 
citizens.  Benjamin  Franklin  was 
baptized  and  attended  worship 
here  ;  Whitefield  preached  here  ; 
the  revolutionary  agitators  made 
use  of  the  edifice  to  stir  up  the 
citizens  against  the  tyranny  of 
their  king;  Warren  here  delivered 
his  famous  speech  on  the  anni- 
versary of  the  Boston  Massacre; 
the  "tea-party"  organized  within 
these  walls  ;  and  here  the  annual 
election  sermons  were  for  many 
years  delivered.  In  1775  the 
church  was  used  as  a  riding- 
school  by  the  British  troops. 
The  great  fire  of  1872  stopped  just  before  reaching  the  Old  South,  burning 
all  around  it  on  two  sides.  The  society  abandoned  this  place  of  worship 
(which  was  used  as  the  post-office  for  a  while  after  the  fire),  and  erected  a 
new  building  on  the  Back  Bay.  Since  then  its  preservation  has  been 
vigorously  striven  for  by  a  small  part  of  the  community,  but  its  fate  seems 


The  Old  South,   Washington  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


r53 


THE    NEW    "OLD    SOUTH,"    CHURCH,    BOYLSTON    STREET. 


154  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

yet  problematical.  The  land  on  which  the  church  stands  is  valuable  for 
business  purposes,  owing  to  its  central  location.  The  Old  South  Preserva- 
tion Committee  has  done  its  best  towards  saving  the  building,  and  various 
entertainments,  fairs,  lectures,  and  grand  balls  have  been  given  to  this  end ; 
but  the  sum  ($400,000)  required  to  purchase  the  church  has  not  at  this  writing 
been  raised.  The  ministers  of  this  society  from  its  formation  are  :  Thomas 
Thatcher,  Samuel  Willard,  Ebenezer  Pemberton,  Joseph  Sewall,  D.D., 
Thomas  Prince,  Alexander  Cumming,  Samuel  Blair,  John  Bacon,  John 
Hunt,  Joseph  Eckley,  Joshua  Huntington,  Benjamin  B.  Wisner,  D.D., 
Samuel  H.  Stearns,  George  W.  Blagden,  D.D.,  and  J.  M.  Manning,  the 
present  pastor.  The  Old  South  is  a  plain  brick  building,  painted  light, 
with  a  tall  spire.  The  belfry  is  surrounded  by  an  exterior  gallery.  The 
house  is  88  by  61  feet  in  dimensions,  and  has  a  sounding-board  and  two 
tiers  of  galleries.  A  tablet  above  the  Washington-street  entrance  gives  the 
dates  of  the  formation  of  the  society  and  the  building  of  the  two  church 
edifices.  The  building  is  now  an  historical  museum,  made  interesting  to 
the  masses  of  the  people  by  the  exhibition  of  new  inventions,  such  as  the 
phonograph  and  microphone.  The  entrance-fees  go  towards  raising  the  pre- 
servation fund. 

The  New  "  Old  South  "  Church,  as  the  present  place  of  worship  of  the 
Old  South  society  is  familiarly  called,  is  at  the  corner  of  Dartmouth  and 
Boylston  Streets.  It  is  a  large  and  costly  structure,  including,  besides  the 
church,  a  chapel  and  parsonage.  The  seating  capacity  is  between  800  and 
900,  and  the  building  covers  an  area  of  200  by  90  feet.  It  is  of  Roxbury 
stone,  with  freestone  trimmings ;  and  the  interior  finish  is  of  cherry.  The 
massive  tower,  which  forms  the  most  noticeable  feature  of  the  structure,  is 
235  feet  high.  Over  the  centre  of  the  main  church  edifice  rises  a  large 
lantern  of  copper,  with  12  windows.  An  arched  screen  of  Caen  stone,  with 
shafts  of  Lisbon  marble,  separates  the  church  from  the  main  vestibule.  A 
carved  screen  of  wood  encloses  the  pulpit,  and  three  panels  of  Venetian 
mosaic  fill  the  heads  of  the  arches  leading  from  the  doorways.  The 
stained-glass  windows  were  brought  from  England,  and  are  decorated  with 
biblical  scenes.  This  edifice,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $500,000,  is  gener- 
ally considered  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  church  architecture  on  the 
continent.  The  interior  decorations  are  elaborate ;  the  pronounced  tints  of 
the  walls,  the  large  chandeliers,  and  the  rich  carvings  producing  a  striking 
and  beautiful  effect. 

King's  Chapel,  corner  of  Tremont  and  School  Streets,  was  the  first 
Episcopal  church  in  New  England,  and  is  now  a  Unitarian  church.  The 
society  was  organized  in  1686,  and  a  little  wooden  church  was  erected  in 
1689.  Robert  Ratcliffe  was  the  first  rector.  The  church  was  enlarged  in 
1710;  but  in  1754  it  was  taken  down,  and  replaced  by  the  present  substan- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON, 


'55 


tial  stone  building.  The  liturgy  was  altered  in  1 785,  and  has  been  used  as 
amended  ever  since.  In  1787  James  Freeman  became  the  pastor  ;  and  the 
connection  of  the  society  with  the  Episcopal  church  ceasing,  it  became  a 
Unitarian  church.  The  present  pastor  is  Henry  W.  Foote.  King's  Chapel 
is  a  very  quaint 
and  interesting 
place.  The  in- 
terior, with  its 
high,  old-fash- 
ioned pews,  its 
tall  pulpit  and 
sounding-board, 
its  massive  pil- 
lars, and  stained- 
glass  window, 
is  remarkably 
attractive.  In 
1878  the  city 
considered  the 
plan  of  remov- 
i  n  g  King's 
Chapel  with  its 
adjoining  buri- 
al ground,  and 
erecting  a  court- 
house in  their 
place. 

Christ  Church,  Salem  Street,  which  was  built  by  the  Episcopalians  in 
1723,  is  the  oldest  church  edifice  now  standing  in  Boston.  The  building, 
which  is  of  brick,  is  70  by  50  feet  in  dimensions,  and  the  steeple  is  175 
feet  high.  It  is  the  most  prominent  landmark  of  the  North  End,  and  was 
formerly  known  as  the  "  North  Church."  The  steeple  accurately  repre- 
sents one  that  was  blown  down  in  1804.  The  tower  contains  a  fine  chime 
of  eight  bells,  which  bear  the  following  inscriptions  :  — 

First  bell :  "This  peal  of  8  Bells  is  the  gift  of  a  number  of  generous 
persons  to  Christ  Church,  in  Boston,  N.E.,  anno  1744,  A.R."  Second: 
"This  church  was  founded  in  the  year  1723;  Timothy  Cutler,  D.D.,  the 
first  rector,  A.R.,  1744."  Third:  "We  are  the  first  ring  of  Bells  cast  for 
the  British  Empire  in  North  America,  A.R.,  1744."  Fourth:  "God  pre- 
serve the  Church  of  England,  1744."  Fifth:  "William  Shirley,  Esq.,  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,  anno  1744."  Sixth  : 
"  The   subscription   for  these    Bells  was   begun  by  John    Hammock   and 


King's  Chapel,   Tremont   Street. 


i56 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Robert  Temple,  church  wardens,  anno  1743;  completed  by  Robert  Jen- 
kins and  John  Gould,  church  wardens,  anno  1744."  Seventh  :  "Since  Gen- 
erosity has  opened  our  mouths,  our  tongues  shall  ring  aloud   its   praise. 

1 744."  Eighth  :  "  Abel 
Rudhall,  of  Gloucester, 
cast  us  all,  anno  1744." 
This  chime,  brought  from 
England,  is  the  oldest 
in  America.  The  Bible, 
prayer-books,  and  silver 
now  in  use,  were  given,  in 
1733,  by  King  George  II. 
The  figures  of  cherubim 
in  front  of  the  organ, 
and  the  chandeliers,  were 
taken  from  a  French 
vessel  by  the  privateer 
"  Oueen  of  Hungary,"  and 
presented  to  this  church 
in  1746.  The  Sunday 
school  was  established  in 
1815,  when  no  other  was 
known  to  exist  in  Ameri- 
ca. Christ  Church  re- 
ported to  the  last  conven- 
tion 150  communicants. 
The  interior  of  the 
The  present  rector  is  Henry 


Christ   Church,   Salem   Street. 


church  still  retains  an  antique  appearance 
Burroughs,  D.I). 

A  tablet  was  placed  on  the  front  of  Christ  Church  in   1878,  bearing  the 
following  inscription  :  — 


THE     SIGNAL     LANTERNS     OF 

PAUL    REVERE 

DISPLAYED    IN   THE   STEEPLE  OF   THIS    CHURCH 

APRIL   18  1775 

WARNED  THE  COUNTRY  OF  THE  MARCH 

OF  THE  BRITISH  TROOPS  TO 

LEXINGTON    AND    CONCORD. 


Trinity  Church,  at  the  intersection  of  Huntington  Avenue,  Boylston  and 
Clarendon  Streets,  is  the  finest  church  edifice  in  New  England,  if  not  in  the 


A'/ JVC'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


'57 


158  KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

United  States.  The  history  of  Trinity  parish  dates  as  far  back  as  1728. 
Its  first  church,  built  in  1735,  was  a  plain  wooden  building  with  gatnbrel 
roof,  at  the  corner  of  Summer  and  Hawley  Streets ;  and  its  first  rector  was 
Addington  Davenport.  In  this  wooden  building  the  parish  worshipped 
until  1828,  when  the  corner-stone  of  a  new  house  was  laid  in  the  same  loca- 
tion ;  and  the  solid  Gothic  structure  then  erected  was  used  by  the  parish  till 
it  was  burned  in  the  great  fire  of  1872.  In  the  winter  before  this  disaster, 
the  subject  of  a  new  church  edifice  had  been  left  to  the  direction  of  a  build- 
ing committee ;  and  eventually  the  designs  of  Gambrill  and  Richardson, 
architects,  of  New  York,  were  accepted.  The  new  church  was  completed 
early  in  1877.  In  sinking  the  foundations  an  immense  amount  of  labor  was 
performed ;  and,  on  account  of  the  nature  of  the  Back-bay  land,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  somewhat  modify  the  original  design.  The  church  was  conse- 
crated on  Feb.  9,  1877;  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  conducting  the  services. 
Four  prelates  of  the  church,  many  clergymen,  the  governor,  the  mayor,  and 
a  large  number  of  notables,  were  present.  Trinity  Church  is  in  the  pure 
French  Romanesque  style,  in  the  shape  of  a  Latin  cross,  with  a  semi-circu- 
lar apse  added  to  the  eastern  arm.  The  clerestory  is  carried  by  an  arcade 
of  two  arches  only.  Above  the  aisles  a  gallery  is  carried  across  the  arches, 
which  is  called  the  "triforium"  gallery,  and  serves  to  connect  the  three 
main  galleries,  one  across  either  transept  and  one  across  the  west  end  of 
the  nave.  The  whole  interior  of  the  church  and  chapel  is  finished  in  black 
walnut,  and  the  vestibules  in  ash  and  oak.  A  great  central  tower,  211  feet 
high,  surmounts  the  building,  rising  from  four  piers  at  the  crossing  of  the 
nave  and  transept.  The  tower  is  very  conspicuous,  owing  to  its  massive 
form,  and  is  the  main  feature  of  the  edifice ;  the  nave,  transepts,  and  apse 
being  subordinate  to  it.  A  handsome  and  unique  chapel  is  connected  with 
the  main  structure  by  an  open  cloister,  the  effect  of  which  is  exceedingly 
pleasing.  The  extreme  width  of  the  church  across  the  transepts  is  121  feet, 
and  the  extreme  length  is  160  feet.  The  chancel  is  $J  feet  deep  by  52  feet 
wide.  The  tower  is  46  feet  square  inside.  The  material  employed  in  the 
body  of  the  church  is  Dedham  granite,  ornamented  with  brown  freestone 
trimmings.  The  exterior  of  the  apse  is  decorated  with  mosaic  work  of  pol- 
ished granite.  In  the  interior  work  special  attention  has  been  paid  to  the 
decoration's,  which  form  an  enduring  monument  to  the  artistic  taste  of  John 
La  Farge  of  New  York.  No  such  decorations  can  be  found  in  any  other 
church  in  this  country.  The  stained-glass  memorial  windows  were  made  in 
Europe.  The  church  resembles  many  of  those  cathedrals  in  the  south  of 
France,  which  all  the  world  has  recognized  as  models  in  a  noble  school  of 
ecclesiastical  art.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  $750,000.  The  parish  has 
no  debt,  and  is  exceedingly  wealthy.  Some  of  the  greatest  preachers  in  the 
Episcopal  denomination  have  graced  the  pulpits  of  the  old  Trinity  churches. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


r59 


Among  these  have  been  George  Washington  Doane,  afterwards  bishop  of 
New  Jersey;  John  Henry  Hopkins,  once  bishop  of  Vermont;  Thomas 
March  Clark,  afterwards  bishop  of  Rhode  Island;  Manton  Eastburn,  the 
last  bishop  of  this  diocese;  and  Jonathan  M.  Wainwright,  once  bishop  of 
New  York.  The  rector  of  the  present  church  is  the  most  famous  preacher 
in  the  denomination,  Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. He  is  much  beloved  by  his  parishioners,  and  esteemed  and  admired 
by  every  one  for  his  elo- 
quence, his  earnestness, 
and  his  polished  and  schol- 
arly style. 

The  Arlington-street 
Church  (Unitarian),  corner 
of  Arlington  and  Boylston 
Streets,  has  an  eventful 
history.  The  society  was 
formed  in  1727  as  a  Pres- 
byterian church.  A  barn 
on  Long  Lane  (now  Federal 
Street)  was  the  first  place 
of  worship.  In  1744  a 
church  building  replaced 
the  barn  on  the  same  spot. 
In  this  building  the  United 
States  Constitution  was 
adopted  in  1788  by  the 
State  convention  :  hence 
the  name  of  Federal  Street. 
A  new  brick  church  was 
built  in  1809,  on  the  same 
site;  but  in  1859  this  was 
taken  down,  and  the  present 
handsome  building  on  Ar- 
lington Street  was  subse- 
quently erected.  In  1786 
the  Presbyterian  had  been 
exchanged  for  the  Congre- 


gational 


form 
ment.       W.   E 


The  Arlington-street  Church,  corner  of  Boylston  Street. 


of    govern- 
Channinjr, 
D.D.,    was    pastor  of   this 
church  from  1803  till  1842,  and  here  made  his  reputation  as  an  accomplished 
scholar,  writer,  and  preacher,  during  this  period.     His  successor  was  Ezra 


i6o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


S.  Gannett,  who  was  killed  in  the  terrible  railroad  accident  at  Revere  in 
1 871.  The  present  pastor  is  J.  F.  W.  Ware.  The  church  is  of  freestone, 
and  is  very  handsome.  It  has  a  shapely  spire,  and  a  fine  chime  of  bells. 
On  the  Boylston-street  side,  the  building  is  almost  entirely  covered  with 
clinging  vines. 

St.  Paul's  Church  was  built  in  1820,  and  consecrated  by  the  Episcopal 

bishops  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Con- 
necticut. It  stands 
on  Tremont  Street, 
between  Winter 
Street  and  Temple 
Place,  facing  the 
Common.  It  is  in 
the  Grecian  style  of 
architecture,  of  the 
Ionic  order.  The 
walls  are  of  gray 
granite,  and  the 
portico  and  col- 
umns are  of  Poto- 
mac sandstone. 
The  interior  is 
handsome.  The 
ceiling  is  a  cylin- 
drical vault,  with 
panels  which  span 
the  whole  width  of 
the  church.  Its  rectors  have  been  Samuel  F.  Jarvis,  D.D.,  Alonzo  Potter, 
LL.D.,  afterwards  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  John  S.  Stone,  D.D.,  Alexander 
H.  Vinton,  D.D.,  William  R.  Nicholson,  D.D.,  and  Treadwell  Walden. 
William  Wilberforce  Newton  is  the  present  rector. 

The  Hollis-street  Church  was  originally  built  in  1732.  It  was  a  little 
wooden  building;  and  the  first  minister  was  Mather  Byles,  a  Tory,  a  wit, 
and  a  scholar.  The  church  and  the  street  were  named  after  Thomas 
Hollis  of  London,  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  Harvard  University. 
The  meeting-house  was  burned  in  1787,  and  another  built.  In  1810  the 
latter  was  removed  to  give  place  to  the  present  structure.  The  steeple  is 
nearly  200  feet  high.  Dr.  Samuel  West,  John  Pierpont,  and  Thomas  Starr 
King  were  pastors  of  this  church.  The  tablets  in  the  church  bearing  the 
Ten  Commandments  were  the  gift  of  Benjamin  Bussey,  another  of  Har- 
vard's greatest  benefactors.     The  old  church  was  used  as  a  barrack  by  the 


St.   Paul's  Church,  Tremont  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


161 


British  soldiers  during  the  siege  of  Boston.  The  society  (Unitarian)  in 
the  fall  of  1878  was  without  a  pastor,  George  L.  Chaney  having  resigned 
early  in  the  year. 

The  Central  Church  (Congregational  Trinitarian),  corner  of  Berkeley  and 
Newbury  Streets,  is  a  handsome  building  of  Roxbury  stone  with  sandstone 
trimmings.  It  cost  over  #325,000,  and  was  dedicated  in  1867.  The  spire, 
236  feet  high,  is  the  tallest  in  the  city,  and  the  interior  of  the  church  is 
exceedingly  handsome.  The  society  first  worshipped  in  the  Old  P^ederal- 
street  theatre,  and  afterwards  occupied  a  plain  church  building  on  Winter 
Street.     W.  M.  Rogers  was  the  first  pastor.     At  present  the  pulpit  is  vacant. 

The  Park-street  Church,  corner  of  Park  and  Tremont  Streets,  was 
erected  in  1810,  and  cost  about  $50,000.  It  is  of  brick,  with  a  fine  spire; 
and  the  interior 
is  commodious 
though  plain.  The 
society  was  organ- 
ized in  1809.  Nine 
of  the  members  of 
the  Old  South, 
which  was  then  the 
only  evangelical 
Congregational 
church  in  Boston, 
came  out  from  the 
parent  church  un- 
der the  promptings 
of  a  revival  move- 
ment. Park-street 
Church  was  begot- 
ten in  a  revival, 
and  has  enjoyed 
many  in  her  his- 
tory. E.  D.  Griffin, 
S.  E.  Dwight,  Ed- 
ward Beecher,  J.  H.  Linsley,  Silas  Aiken,  A.  L.  Stone,  and  W.  H.  H. 
Murray  were  pastors  of  this  church.  The  present  pastor  is  J.  L.  Withrow, 
D.D.  Several  churches  have  grown  out  of  the  Park-street  Church.  Many 
of  the  missionary  societies  of  the  Orthodox  denomination  have  been  started 
within  its  walls.  The  church  has  always  been  deeply  enlisted  in  the  work 
of  foreign  missions,  giving  $4,000  and  upwards  each  year  to  that  cause. 
Until  July,  1878,  the  church  had  always  been  in  debt;  but  all  incumbrances 
were  then  removed,  and  the  church  repaired  and  painted. 


Park-street  Church,  Tremont  Street. 


1 62  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  New-England  Church,  W.  H.  H.  Murray,  pastor,  was  organized 
in  September,  1875,  as  an  independent  Congregational  church.  It  started 
with  nine  original  members,  after  the  old  New-England  form  of  Chris- 
tian fellowship,  and  adopted  a  Statement  of  Belief,  embodying  what  are 
commonly  held  as  the  fundamental  evangelical  truths,  expressed  in  the 
language  of  the  Gospels  or  the  early  Christian  creeds.  The  membership 
was  increased  to  about  300  by  those  who  desired  to  join  the  movement ; 
and  the  Music  Hall  was  rented  for  Sunday-morning  services,  the  first  of 
which  was  held  Oct.  6,  1875.  Smaller  halls  were  rented  for  Mr.  Murray's 
Friday-night  talks,  for  the  Sunday  school,  prayer-meeting,  Benevolent  Soci- 
ety and  Literary  Association  of  the  church.  The  Sunday  services,  attended 
by  3,000  people,  were  maintained  at  an  annual  expense  of  about  $20,000, 
derived  chiefly  from  the  rentals,  the  average  price  of  which  was  only  $10 
for  the  church  year  of  40  Sundays.  The  music,  by  a  quartet,  and  a  chorus 
of  200  voices,  was  under  the  direction  successively  of  Eben  Tourjee,  George 
L.  Osgood,  and  Carl  Zerrahn.  At  the  close  of  the  last  year,  in  June,  1878, 
the  church  voted  unanimously  to  suspend  its  services,  and  grant  Mr.  Mur- 
ray's request  for  a  vacation  of  one  year,  during  which  time  he  will  endeavor 
to  raise  $200,000  for  the  erection  of  a  church  edifice  capable  of  seating  5,000 
people,  and  planned  to  carry  out  his  ideas  of  a  "  Metropolitan  Christian 
Church,"  formed  by  "  a  happy  union  of  all  Christian  souls,  on  a  simple 
Christian  basis,  in  one  Christian  fellowship,  with  a  system  providing  accept- 
able preaching,  the  best  and  grandest  music,  perfect  conditions  of  worship, 
good  seats  at  prices  within  the  reach  of  all,  and  spiritual,  benevolent,  and 
intellectual  ministrations  in  keeping  with  such  a  great  undertaking." 

The  Union  Temple  Church,  worshipping  in  Tremont  Temple,  of  which 
George  C,  Lorimer,  D.U.,  is  pastor,  is  the  largest  Baptist  society  in  Amer- 
ica. This  society  was  organized  in  1863  by  the  consolidation  of  the  Tre- 
mont-street  Church  with  the  Union  Church.  The  first  pastor  was  J.  D. 
Fulton,  D.D.  The  Union  Temple  Church  is  a  free  church,  and  discards 
the  pew-system,  depending  for  its  pecuniary  resources  on  the  voluntary 
subscriptions  and  contributions  of  the  congregation.  This  system  has 
succeeded  very  well,  the  gross  income  in  1876  reaching  $21,171.  There 
is  a  large  Sunday  school  connected  with  the  church,  and  also  a  young  men's 
organization  called  the  Temple  Union.  Dr.  Lorimer  is  a  very  popular 
preacher,  and  the  congregations  at  the  Temple  are  very  large.  During  his 
administration  nearly  1,000  persons  have  been  received  into  membership. 
The  church  is   sometimes  called   the  "  Stranger's  Sabbath  Home." 

The  Central  Congregational  Church  of  Jamaica  Plain  (West  Roxbury 
district,  Boston)  was  organized  in  1853  under  the  name  of  the  Mather 
Church.  Services  were  held  in  the  Village  Hall  until  1856,  when  a  newly- 
built  church  edifice  on  Centre  Street  was  dedicated.     In   1866  the  name  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


163 


the  society  was  changed  from  the  Mather  Church  to  the  Central  Congrega- 
tional Church.     In   1871  the  society  sold  its  house  of  worship  on  Centre 
Street,  purchased  a  lot  of  land  on  the   corner  of    Elm    Street   and  Seav- 
erns    Avenue,    and    began 
the  erection  of  a  new  house, 
which  was   completed  and 
dedicated  in  1872.     Joseph 
B.  Clark  is  the  pastor. 

St.  John's  Church,  Tre- 
mont  Street,  between  Ver- 
non and  Clay  Streets,  Bos- 
ton Highlands,  was  built 
as  a  chapel  of  St.  James 
Church,  and  was  opened  in 
1867.  In  1871  it  became 
an  independent  parish,  and 
the  following  year  the  build- 
ing was  enlarged.  George 
S.  Converse,  formerly  rector 
of  St.  James  Church,  is  the 
rector.  The  church  is  free, 
and  will  seat  about  500.  The 
society  is  Episcopalian. 

The  German  Lutheran 
Trinity  Church,  of  the  un- 
altered   Au<£sburof    Confes- 


Central   Congregational   Church,   Jamaica   Plain. 


sion,  is  an  unpretending  little  building  on  Parker  Street,  Boston  Highlands, 

which  has  been  occupied  by  the 
German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Trini- 
ty Society  since  1871.  The  building 
was  formerly  known  as  Day's  Chapel. 
Adolf  Biewend  is  the  pastor.  A  pa- 
rochial school  is  conducted  in  the 
basement.  The  services  are  in  the 
German  language. 

The  Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross 

on  Washington  Street,  at  the  corner 

of  Maiden  Street,  is  the  largest  and 

finest  Catholic  church  in  the  city.     It 

was  dedicated  in  1875.     The  building  measures  over  46,000  square  feet,  and 

covers  more  than  an  acre  of  ground.     In  this  respect  it  takes  precedence  of 

the  Cathedrals  of  Strasbourg,  Pisa,  Vienna,  Venice,  Salisbury,  and   Dublin. 


German   Lutheran  Trinity  Church,    Parker  Street. 


1 64  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  style  is  the  early  English  Gothic,  cruciform,  with  nave,  transept,  aisle, 
and  clerestory,  the  latter  being  supported  by  two  rows  of  clustered  metal 
pillars.  The  total  length  of  the  building  is  364  feet ;  width  at  the  transept, 
170  feet;  width  of  nave  and  aisles,  90  feet;  height  to  the  ridge-pole,  120 
feet.  There  are  two  main  towers  in  front  and  a  turret,  all  of  unequal 
height,  and  all  eventually  to  be  surmounted  by  spires.  The  great  tower  on 
the  south-west  corner  with  its  spire  will  be  300  feet  high,  and  the  small 
tower  on  the  north-west  corner  will  be  200  feet  high.  The  gallery  accom- 
modates a  choir  of  300,  and  contains  an  organ  having  over  5,000  pipes,  the 
largest  ever  built  in  this  country.  It  has  78  stops,  besides  5  pneumatic 
knobs  and  12  combination  pedals.  The  entire  interior  of  the  cathedral  is 
clear  space,  broken  only  by  two  rows  of  columns  extending  along  the  nave 
and  supporting  the  central  roof.  The  pews  accommodate  nearly  3,500  per- 
sons. The  arch  which  separates  the  spacious  front  vestibule  from  the 
church  is  of  bricks  taken  from  the  ruins  of  the  Ursuline  convent  of  Mount 
Benedict.  The  ceiling  abounds  in  carved  wood  and  tracery.  The  panels 
and  spandrils  show  three  "shades  of  oak,  with  an  outer  line  of  African 
wood.  Every  alternate  panel  is  ornamented  with  emblematic  devices.  The 
roof  in  the  transept  displays  an  immense  cross  of  inlaid  wood.  On  the 
ceiling  of  the  chancel  are  painted  angels  representing  Faith,  Hope,  Charity, 
and  other  virtues,  on  a  background  of  gold.  The  frescoing  on  the  walls  is 
very  handsome.  The  rose  window  over  the  principal  entrance  is  in  design 
a  fine  specimen  of  art.  The  stained  transept  windows,  each  40  by  20  feet 
in  size,  have  designs  representing  the  exaltation  of  the  cross  by  the  Em- 
peror Heraclius,  and  the  miracle  by  which  the  true  cross  was  verified. 
The  stained  windows  in  the  chancel  represent  the  Crucifixion,  the  Ascen- 
sion, and  the  Nativity.  These  are  memorial  windows,  and  were  gifts  to  the 
church.  There  are  24  smaller  windows  of  stained  glass,  representing 
biblical  subjects,  in  the  clerestory  of  the  transept  and  of  the  chancel.  The 
sanctuary  terminates  in  an  octagonal  apse.  The  high  altar  is  formed  of 
rich  variegated  marbles,  and  is  to  be  surmounted  by  a  fine  canopy.  On  the 
Gospel  side  stands  the  Episcopal  throne,  the  cathedra  of  the  Bishop.  On 
the  right  of  the  sanctuary  is  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  containing  a 
marble  statue  of  the  Virgin.  There  are  three  other  chapels, — the  chapel 
of  St.  Joseph,  the  chapel  of  St.  Patrick,  and  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed 
Sacrament.  The  large  vestry  is  between  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed  Sacra- 
ment and  the  sanctuary.  The  chantry,  with  a  small  organ,  is  over  the  vestry. 
John  B.  Smith  is  rector  of  the  parish.  The  archbishop  is  the  Most  Rev. 
J.  J.  Williams. 

The  mansion  of  the  archbishop,  in  the  rear  of  the  cathedral,  is  quite 
stately  and  very  convenient.  The  old  house  on  Washington  Street,  that 
bars  the  view  of  a  part  of  the  Cathedral,  is  soon  to  be  removed. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


t65 


THE   CATHEDRAL   OF   THE    HOLY    CROSS,    WASHINGTON    STREET. 


1 66  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

The  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  corner  of  Harrison  Avenue 
and  Concord  Street,  is  a  handsome  granite  edifice,  208  feet  long  by  88  feet 
wide,  built  in  1861  under  the  auspices  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  at  a  cost  of 
over  $100,000.  The  lot  of  about  90,000  feet  of  land  on  which  it  stands  was 
bought  for  $45,000.  From  the  floor  to  the  ceiling,  the  height  is  70  feet. 
The  main  divisions  of  the  interior  are  effected  by  two  rows  of  Ionic 
columns,  with  richly  ornamented  capitals,  which  mark  the  line  of  the  side 
aisles  with  graceful  and  light  shades.  On  the  keystone  of  the  chancel 
arch,  there  is  a  bust  of  Christ ;  and  on  the  opposite  arch,  over  the  choir 
gallery,  a  bust  of  the  Virgin.  On  the  other  circles. there  are  busts  of  the 
saints  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  Over  each  column  there  is  an  angel  sup- 
porting the  entablature.  The  altar  is  a  fine  piece  of  workmanship  in  mar- 
ble. On  the  panels  is  sculptured  an  abridgment  of  the  life  of  the  Virgin, 
—  the  Annunciation,  the  visitation  to  St.  Elisabeth,  the  Nativity,  the  Adora- 
tion of  the  Magi,  the  Mater  Dolorosa,  and  the  Assumption.  On  either  side 
of  the  altar  are  three  Corinthian  columns,  with  appropriate  entablatures  and 
broken  arches,  surmounted  by  statues  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the 
Virgin,  the  whole  terminated  by  a  silver  cross,  with  an  adoring  angel  on 
each  side.  On  the  right  side  of  the  broken  arch  is  a  figure  of  St.  Ignatius, 
with  chasuble,  stole,  etc.,  and  on  the  opposite  side  is  that  of  St.  Francis 
Xavier.  Over  the  chancel  is  an  elliptic  dome,  lighted  by  colored  glass,  with 
a  dove  in  the  centre  with  spread  wings.  Within  the  chancel  rails  are  two 
side  chapels,  the  one  on  the  Gospel  side  dedicated  to  St.  Joseph;  and  on 
the  Epistle,  to  St.  Aloysius.  The  ceiling  over  the  chancel  is  elliptic,  and 
laid  off  in  bands  ornamented  with  mouldings.  The  painting  behind  the 
high  altar  is  the  Crucifixion,  by  Garialdi  of  Rome.  The  organ  is  one  of 
the  best  in  Boston,  and  the  church  is  justly  famous  for  the  excellence  of  its 
music.  Adjoining  the  church  grounds  is  the  Boston  College,  a  Catholic 
institution,  of  which  Rev.  Robert  Fulton  is  president. 

The  Mission  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help,  Tremont  Street, 
Boston  Highlands,  which  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1878,  is  one  of  the 
largest  churches  in  Boston.  It  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Redemptorist 
Fathers ;  William  Loewekamp  being  the  rector.  The  church  is  a  basilica, 
with  transepts  in  the  Romanesque  style.  The  church  has  seats  for  2,000 
people,  and  affords  standing-room  for  an  equal  number.  It  cost  over 
$200,000.  The  building  is  of  Roxbury  stone.  Its  length  is  215  feet; 
width  across  the  transepts  115  feet;  width  of  nave  and  aisles  78  feet. 
The  nave  is  70  feet  high  in  the  clear,  and  the  aisles  are  34  feet  high. 
Over  the  intersection  of  the  nave  and  transepts  rises  an  octagonal  dome 
of  40  feet  inner  diameter,  to  a  height  of  no  feet.  This  dome  is  supported 
by  four  clusters  of  four  columns  each,  all  of  polished  granite,  with  finely- 
carved  capitals.      The  sanctuary,  which  is  very  large,  closes  with  a  semi- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


167 


circular  apse,  in  which  is  the  high  altar.  Six  side  altars  find  room  in  the 
chapels  at  the  ends  of  the  aisles  and  transepts.  The  chapel  of  Our  Lady 
is  built  out  from  the  west  transept.  Over  the  vestibule  is  the  organ  gallery,, 
which,  like  the  triforium  galleries,  is  not  open  to  the  public.  The  basement 
accommodates  about  1,600  people.  The  sacristy  is  in  a  special  building 
west  of  the  sanctuary. 

The  Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  Boston  Highlands,  between  Warren 
and  Washington  Streets,  is 
a  brick  building  in  the 
Gothic  style,  covered  by 
mastic.  The  church  is  117 
by  J5  feet  in  dimensions, 
with  a  tower  and  steeple 
200  feet  high.  The  interi- 
or is  divided  into  nave  and 
side  aisles  by  clustered  col- 
umns, the  auditorium  and 
galleries  containing  about 
200  pews,  which  seat  1,100 
people.  Henry  M.  King, 
D.D.,  is  the  pastor.  There 
are  over  600  members,  and 
the  society  carries  on  many 
active  charities.  The  first 
house  of  worship  was  of 
wood,  and  was  dedicated  in 
1820.  The  present  edifice 
was  opened  in  1853.  Joseph 
Elliot  was  the  first  pastor. 
His  successors  in  the  pas-  I. 
toral  office  were  William 
Leverett,  Thomas  F.  Caldi- 
cott,  D.D.,  and  Thomas  D. 
Anderson,  D.D. 

The  Catholic  Apostolic  Church  is  a  small  congregation  worshipping 
in  a  hall  at  No.  227  Tremont  Street.  It  represents  a  movement  of  which 
the  distinctive  feature  is  "the  preparation  of  the  church  as  a  body  for  the 
coming  and  kingdom  of  the  Lord."  Its  worship  is  celebrated  Monday, 
Wednesday,  and  Saturday,  at  6  a.m.,  Tuesday  and  Thursday  at  5  p.m.,  and 
Friday  at  10  a.m.  On  Sunday  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Eucharist  takes 
place  at  10  a.m.,  and  vespers  at  5  p.m.  The  minister  in  charge  is  J.  F. 
Wight  man. 


Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,   Highlands. 


i68 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


The  West  Church,  Congregational,  on  Cambridge,  corner  of  Lynde 
Street,  is  one  of  the  old  churches.  It  was  built  in  1806,  taking  the  place 
of  a  wooden  meeting-house  built  in  1736-37.  This  first  building  had  a 
handsome  steeple  ;  and  it  was  situated  advantageously  to  give  signals  during 
the  early  days  of  the  revolutionary  struggle  to  the  Continental  troops  at 
Cambridge,  on  the  opposite  shore.  The  British  officers,  suspecting  it  had 
been  used  for  this  purpose,  ordered  the  steeple  taken  down  in  1775.  The 
first  pastor  was  William  Hooper,  from  Scotland,  whose  pastorate  lasted  ten 
years.  The  other  pastors  were  Jonathan  Mayhew,  D.D.,  Simeon  Howard, 
D.D.,  and  Charles  Lowell.  C.  A.  Bartol,  D.D.,  the  present  pastor,  was 
ordained  in  1837,  and  has  occupied  the  pulpit  ever  since. 

The  Tremont-street  Methodist  Church,  corner  of  Tremont  and  Con- 
cord Streets,  is  a 
large,  Gothic,  nat- 
ural-quarry stone 
building,  with  two 
spires,  respectively 
150  feet  and  100 
feet  high.  It  is  the 
finest  Methodist 
church  in  the  city. 
Hammatt  Billings 
was  the  architect. 
The  society  was  or- 
ganized in  184S,  un- 
der the  name  of  the 
Heckling  Church, 
and  formerly  occu- 
pied a  brick  edifice 
on  South  Williams 
(now  P  e  1  h  a  m) 
Street.  The  pres- 
ent building,  com- 
pleted in  1862,  has 
a  seating  capacity 
of    800  ;    and    the 


Tremont-street  Methodist  Church,  corner  of  Concord   Street. 

The    illustration   of   the    church    is    from 


pastor  is   William    S.   Studley. 
"  Harper's  Weekly.1' 

The  Boston  Evangelical  Advent  Church  holds  its  services  in  the  chapel 
corner  of  Hudson  and  Kneeland  Streets,  which  was  built  in  1854.  The 
distinctive  article  in  the  Adventists'  creed  is  that  concerning  Christ's  return 
to  the  world,  which  they  believe  is  near  at  hand,  and  which  will  be  the 
beginning  of  the  Millennium. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  169 

The  Somerset-street  Baptist  Church  is  a  handsome  building  on  Beacon 
Hill,  and  has  the  most  prominent  spire  in  the  city,  owing  to  its  elevated  site. 
The  society  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  was  formed  in  Charlestown  in  1665, 
and  after  a  great  deal  of  persecution  built  a  church  in  Salem  Street  in  1678. 
In  1771  a  new  church  was  erected  on  the  same  site;  and  in  1828  a  brick 
house  of  worship,  costing  $44,000,  was  erected  at  the  corner  of  Hanover 
and  Union  Streets.  The  church  on  Somerset  Street  was  built  in  1858,  and 
is  of  brick  with  a  stucco  front.  The  spire  is  200  feet  high.  In  1877  the 
First  Church  united  with  the  Shawmut-avenue  Baptist  Church,  and  the 
Somerset-street  edifice  is  therefore  no  longer  used  by  the  society.  The 
pastor  is  Rollin  H.  Neale,  D.D.  In  1878  the  First  Free- Will  Baptist 
Church,  of  which  C.  H.  Smith  was  pastor,  that  had  been  worshipping  in  the 
Freeman-place  Chapel,  removed  to  the  Somerset-street  Church. 

The  Church  of  the  Advent  (Episcopal)  was  founded  in  1844.  Services 
were  held  first  in  a  room  at  13  Merrimac  Street :  later  in  a  hall  at  the  corner 
of  Lowell  and  Causeway  Streets;  and  afterwards  in  a  building  bought  by 
the  parish  on  Green  Street,  near  Bowdoin  Square.  Next  the  Bowdoin-strect 
Congregational  Church,  popularly  known  as  Lyman  Beecher's,  was  purchased, 
and  is  now  occupied.  The  rectors,  in  chronological  order,  have  been  :  Wil- 
liam Croswell,  D.D.,  who  died  in  church  while  concluding  the  services;  the 
Right  Rev.  Horatio  Southgate,  D.D. ;  and  James  A.  Bolles,  D.D.  The 
present  rector,  C.  C.  Grafton,  appointed  in  1872,  is  one  of  a  society  of 
mission  priests  of  St.  John  Evangelist  that  has  ministered  to  the  parish 
since  1870.  In  some  of  its  features  the  parish  is  peculiar  in  its  organization 
and  administration.  The  corporation  consists  of  the  rector  and  some  twenty 
laymen,  who  fill  their  own  vacancies.  No  sale  or  rental  of  pews  is  allowed, 
all  sittings  being  free.  The  expenses  are  defrayed  by  the  Sunday  offertory. 
The  mission  priests  are  a  body  of  men  consecrated  to  a  life-service,  who 
have  no  stipulated  salaries,  and  who  live  in  community.  There  are  daily 
services  in  the  church  as  follows  :  Holy  communion  every  morning  at  7 
o'clock,  and  on  Thursdays  also  at  9.30;  morning  prayers  said  at  9,  and 
even-song  sung  at  5.  The  Sunday  services  comprise  :  Holy  communion  at 
7.30  and  u.45  a.m.;  matins,  10.30;  children's  choral  service,  3.30  p.m.,  and 
even-song  7.30  p.m.  There  are  numerous  special  services  in  Lent.  Con- 
nected with  the  church  are  several  parochial  and  charitable  works,  including 
a  boy's-choir  school  in  Pinckney  Street,  and  the  Sisterhood  of  St.  Margaret 
in  Bowdoin  Street,  which  has  an  orphanage  in  Lowell,  and  a  young  ladies' 
school  in  Chestnut  Street.  The  parish,  now  comprising  about  500  commu- 
nicants, is  erecting  a  new  building. 

The  New  Church  of  the  Advent  building  is  at  the  corner  of  Mount  Ver- 
non and  Brimmer  Streets.  It  is  to  be  constructed  of  brick  and  stone,  with 
an  interior  finish  entirely  of  brick  and  freestone.     The  main  body,  72  by  73 


I  70 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


feet,  will  consist  of  nave,  76  feet  high,  two  aisles  and  transepts.  The  chancel, 
with  polygonal  end,  will  be  30  by  48  feet.  There  will  be  a  chapel,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  chancel,  18  by  33  feet ;  a  crypt  with  groined  ceiling,  beneath 
the  chancel,  24  by  30  feet;  schoolrooms,  hexagonal  in  shape,  43  feet  in  dia- 
meter; and  various  other  rooms.     The  tower  will  be  22  feet  square,  and  190 


The  New  Church  of  the  Advent,   Mount  Vernon  and    Brimmer  Streets. 

feet  high.  The  baptistery  will  be  in  the  church,  under  the  tower.  Attached  to 
the  church  on  the  north  side  will  be  the  clergy-house,  four  stories  high,  con- 
taining vestry,  clergy  and  choir  rooms,  refectory,  and  dormitories.  When 
completed,  the  exterior  will  present  a  picturesque  appearance.  The  archi- 
tects are  John  H.  Sturgis  and  Charles  Brigham.  After  the  completion  of 
the  new  edifice,  services  will  be  held  in  both  churches. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


171 


The  Brattle-square  Church  (Congregational),  corner  Commonwealth  Ave- 
nue and  Clarendon  Street,  is  a  massive  edifice  of  Roxbury  stone,  in  the 
form  of  a  Greek  cross.  The  church 
was  dedicated  in  1873.  S.  K.  Lothrop, 
D.D.,  was  the  pastor.  The  tall,  square 
tower,  with  carved  figures  near  the  top, 
among  which  are  four  statues  of  angels 
blowing  gilded  trumpets,  is  noticeable. 
The  acoustic  properties  of  this  church 
are  said  to  be  quite  bad  ;  and  the  society, 
being  heavily  in  debt,  has  held  no  regu- 
lar services  for  some  time.  The  society 
dates  back  to  1699,  when  the  first  house 
was  built  in  Brattle  Square,  to  be  re- 
placed in  1773  by  a  larger  edifice  on 
the  same  ground.  It  was  long  known 
as  the  Manifesto  Church,  the  original 
members  having  issued  a  document  de- 
claring their  aims.  The  British  soldiers 
used  the  church  as  a  barrack  during  the 
war.  A  cannon-ball  from  a  battery  in 
Cambridge,  which  struck  the  building, 
was  subsequently  built  into  the  wall. 
Edward  Everett  was  one  of  the  pastors 
of  this  church. 

The  Church  of  the  Disciples  was  organized  Feb.  28,  1841,  to  "embody 
the  three  principles  ;  of  a  free  church,  a  social  church,  and  a  church  in 
which  the  members,  as  well  as  the  pastor,  should  take  part."  It  was  called 
"  The  Church  of  the  Disciples,"  because  its  members  came  together  "  as 
learners  in  the  school  of  Jesus  Christ,  with  Christ  for  their  teacher."  Its 
creed  has  been  "faith  in  Jesus,  as  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  God,  and  the  pur- 
pose of  co-operating  together  as  his  disciples  in  the  study  and  practice  of 
Christianity."  The  society  was  organized  by  43  men  and  women  ;  and  it 
was  determined  at  the  outset  that  the  seats  in  the  place  of  worship  should 
always  be  free,  —  none  sold  or  rented,  —  and  that  the  entire  expenses  should 
be  met  by  voluntary  subscriptions.  Among  the  first  names  signed  on  the 
church-books  were  those  of  Nathaniel  Peabody  and  his  three  daughters, — 
one  of  whom  afterwards  became  Mrs.  Horace  Mann  ;  another,  Mrs.  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne ;  and  the  third,  Miss  Elizabeth  Peabody,  is  well  known  in  Boston 
as  foremost  in  good  works  and  also  in  many  educational  movements.  Gov. 
Andrew  was  also  a  member  of  the  society.  The  total  number  of  names 
now  on  the  church-book  is  726.     The  present  house  of  worship  is  on  War- 


Brattle-square  Church,    Commonwealth  Ave. 


172 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


ren  Avenue,  an  unpretentious,  roomy  edifice,  erected  in  1869  by  voluntary 
subscriptions.  It  was  free  from  debt  when  finished.  The  whole  cost  was 
less  than  the  original  estimate.  The  pastor  is  James  Freeman  Clarke, 
who  has  been  pastor  from  the  beginning.     It  is  classed  as  Unitarian. 

The  Berkeley-street  Church  is  at  the  junction  of  Warren  Avenue  with 
Tremont,  Dover,  and  Berkeley  Streets.  It  was  organized  September,  1827, 
and  was  originally  located  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Pine  Streets, 
taking  the  name  of  the  Pine-street  Church.  It  belongs  to  the  Trinitarian 
Congregational  denomination.  In  April,  1862,  it  removed  to  the  present 
site,  and  assumed  the  present  name.  In  the  list  of  its  pastors  are  some  of 
the  most  illustrious  names  in  the  Boston  ministry;  among  them  Thomas 
Skinner,  D.D..  Austin    Phelps,  D.D.,  and   H.   M.   Dexter,   D.D.,   editor  of 

"  The  Congregationalist." 
On  Sept.  30,  1877,  the  semi- 
centennial anniversary  of 
the  church  was  celebrated. 
In  the  summer  of  1878  a 
debt  which  had  oppressed 
the  church  from  its  origin 
was  cancelled.  The  build- 
ing is  believed  to  be  the 
largest  Protestant  house  of 
worship  in  New  England. 
William  Burnet  Wright  has 
been  the  pastor  for  eleven 
years. 

The  Bowdoin-square 
Baptist  Church  was  built 
in  1840,  and  is  a  solid- 
looking  building  with  a 
front  of  unhammered  gran- 
ite. The  tower  is  28  feet 
square  and  no  feet  high, 
with  four  battlements.  The 
structure,  which  cost  $70,- 
000,  measures  98  by  73 £ 
feet.  The  church  had  at 
the  outset  137  members, 
and  the  first  pastor  was  R. 
W.  Cushman,  D.D.  The 
sittings  in  this  house  are  free,  and  the  expenses  are  met  by  voluntary 
weekly  offerings.     The  present  pastor  is  F.  B.  Dickinson. 


Bowdoin-square   Baptist  Church,   Bowdoin  Square. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


173 


The  Second  Church,  Dorchester  district,  was  organized  Jan.  1,  1808,  by 
64  members  who  had  been  connected  with  the  First  Church  in  the  same 
place,  and  was  formed  solely  in  consequence  of  an  increasing  population,  its 
members  separating  from  the  old  church  with  earnest  mutual  expressions  of 
good-will.  It  has  had  but  two  pastors, —  John  Codman,  D.D.,  and  James  H. 
Means.  D.D.  Dr.  Codman  was  a  native  of  Boston,  and  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard, and  remained  the  pastor  of  the  church  until  his  death,  Dec.  23,  1847, 
at  the  age  of  66,  in  the  fortieth  year  of  his  pastorate.  He  was  devoted  to 
his  work,  and,  possessed  of  wealth,  was  widely  known  for  his  benevolence. 
In  the  early  part  of  his  min- 
istry there  were  serious  diffi- 
culties, owing  to  a  difference 
of  doctrinal  belief  between 
him  and  some  of  his  people: 
but,  after  these  were  adjust- 
ed, there  followed  many  years 
of  a  peaceful  and  prospered 
service.  Dr.  Means  was  or- 
dained July  13,1848.  During 
the  30  years  of  his  ministry 
the  church  has  been  united 
and  advancing.  It  has  grown 
in  size  and  in  activity;  and, 
as  the  population  is  filling  in 
around  it,  it  has  the  prospect 
of  an  enlarged  field  of  use- 
fulness. Dr.  Means  ten- 
dered his  resignation  in  Oc- 
tober, 1878,  on  account  of  im- 
paired health.  The  church 
still  occupies  the  edifice  first  built, — a  plain  but  spacious  and  tasteful 
building  of  wood,  which  was  dedicated  Oct.  30.  1806.  It  has  never  been 
burdened  by  a  mortgage,  and  there  is  no  wish  to  exchange  it  for  a  costlier 
structure.  The  whole  number  of  members  from  the  beginning  has  been 
about  1,200,  nearly  800  of  whom  were  received  upon  profession  of  faith. 

The  Church  of  the  Unity  grew  out  of  the  increasing  needs  of  the  people 
of  the  South  End  in  the  rapid  growth  of  that  part  of  the  city.  It  was 
organized  June  27,  1857,  by  an  association  of  men  well  known,  with  a  broad 
basis  of  religious  doctrine,  and  a  declared  purpose  of  "promoting  good 
morals,  and  the  cause  of  Liberal  Christianity."  Its  first  pastor  was  George 
H.  Hepworth,  now  of  New  York,  who  remained  about  11  years.  He  was 
succeeded  by  M.  K.  Schermerhorn,  who  resigned   after  about  3  years'  ser- 


Second  Church,   Washington   Street,   corner  Centre. 


174 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Church  of   the  Unity,   West  Newton  Street. 


vice.  He,  in  turn,  was  succeeded  by  M.  J.  Savage,  the  present  pastor,  who 
was  installed  September,  1874.  The  society  first  worshipped  in  a  hall  on 
the  corner  of  Shawmut  Avenue  and  Canton  Street,  but  soon  built  the 
present  church  edifice,  simple  and  tasteful  in  its  architecture,  well  located 
on  West   Newton   Street,  and  paid  for.     It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  over 

1,000.  The  society  has  always 
been  prosperous,  independent, 
and  progressive  in  its  spirit ;  and 
it  reports  itself  now  as  in  a  state 
of  prosperity,  financially  and  re- 
ligiously, never  before  surpassed. 
Mr.  Savage,  the  present  pastor,  is 
a  man  of  large  culture  and  liber- 
ality, independent  and  outspoken 
in  his  views,  of  wide  influence 
and  popularity  as  a  preacher.  He 
has  also  become  widely  known  as 
the  author  of  several  excellent 
books  entitled  "  Christianity  the 
Science  of  Manhood,"  "  Light  on 
the  Cloud,"  "  The  Religion  of  Evolution,"  and  "  Bluffton,"  a  novel  of  the 
religious  type.     The  church  is  classed  as  Unitarian. 

The  Harvard-street  Baptist  Church,  on  Harrison  Avenue,  corner  of 
Harvard  Street,  was  organized  in  1839.  It  was  formed  in  Boylston  Hall, 
and  was  for  some  time  called  the  Boylston-street  Church ;  later  it  wor- 
shipped in  the  Melodeon  Hall,  now  the  Gaiety  Theatre;  and  finally,  in  1842, 
the  present  edifice  was  erected.  The  successive  pastors  have  been  Robert 
Turnbull,  D.D.  ;  Joseph  Banvard,  D.D. ;  A.  H.  Burlingham,  D.D. ;  D.  C. 
Eddy,  D.D.  ;  Warren  Randolph,  D.D. ;  L.  L.  Wood,  and  T.  J.  B.  House. 
The  present  pastor  is  O.  T.  Walker.  Although  having  suffered  by  re- 
movals, between  1,700  and  1,800  persons  have  united  with  this  church. 
The  membership  is  nearly  300;  the  society  is  in  a  prosperous  condition, 
and  promises  to  continue  in  carrying  on  a  good  work  in  its  vicinity.  The 
building  has  a  stone  "  swell  "  front,  —  almost  alone  in  its  style  of  architec- 
ture,—  and  contains  seats  for  about  1,000  persons. 

The  Columbus-avenue  Universalist  Church  was  organized  in  181 7.  Its 
first  church  was  on  School  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  present  School-street 
Block.  Its  present  church  edifice,  erected  in  1872,  is  of  Roxbury  stone,  and 
is  admirably  adapted  to  its  uses,  being  exceedingly  cheerful  and  pleasant, 
with  painted  windows,  including  the  "  Man  of  Sorrows,"  the  "  Risen  Lord," 
and  the  twelve  apostles;  symbols  of  Faith,  Hope,  Charity,  and  Purity; 
and  memorials  of   the  first  pastor,  Hosea  Ballou,  its  Sunday-school  super- 


A'/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


*75 


intendent  for  thirty  years,  Thomas  A.  Goddard,  and  its  eight  deceased 
deacons.  Its  cost  was  $160,000.  The  parish,  whose  legal  title  is  "The 
Second  Society  of  Universalists  in  the  Town  of  Boston,"  enjoyed  the  labors 
of  its  first  pastor  from  181 7  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1852,  at  the  age  of 
82  years.  He  was  a  man  of  great  insight,  marked  originality,  and  singular 
si  mplicity  and  clear- 
ness in  all  his  rea- 
sonings and  teach- 
ings. E.  H.Chapin, 
D.D.,  was  his  col- 
league from  May  1, 
1846,  to  May  1, 
1848,  when  he  re- 
moved to  the  city 
of  New  York.  The 
present  pastor,  A. 
A.  Miner,  D.D., 
became  colleague 
May  1,  1848,  and 
sole  pastor  in  1852. 
He  was  president 
of  Tufts  College 
from  1862  to  1875, 
preaching  regularly 
during  that  period 
to  his  parish  each 
morning  service, 
and  to  the  college 
audience  in  the  af- 
ternoon. Dr.  Miner 
is  now  one  of  the 
senior  pastors  of 
the  city.  He  has 
been  ten  years  a 
member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  through- 
out the  30  years  of 
his  ministry  an  ear- 
nest pleader  for  the 

cause  of  liberty  and  prohibition.  His  parish,  sharing  thus  largely  in  edu- 
cational and  reform  work,  has  enjoyed  great  prosperity,  and  held  through- 
out its  history  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  body  of  Universalist  churches. 


Second  Universalist  Church,   Columbus  Avenue. 


176 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


-*!*. 


The  First  Congregational  Society  of  Jamaica  Plain  (Unitarian),  previous 
to  1770,  constituted  a  part  of  the  Second  or  Upper  Parish  of  Roxbury. 
Mrs.  Susanna  Pemberton,  daughter  of  Peter  Faneuil,  with  many  other 
members,  desired  to  have  a  church  nearer  their  homes.  Through  her  influ- 
ence, and  the  liberality  of  her  husband  (Benjamin  Pemberton),  a  new  society 
was  formed,  and  a  church  built  at  Jamaica  Plain.  It  was  called  the  Third 
Parish  in  Roxbury,  and  was  incorporated  under  that  name.  The  house  was 
completed  in  1770;  and  in  1783  Gov.  John  Hancock  gave  the  society  a 
church-bell  that  had  been  removed  from  the  "  New  Brick  "  Church  in  Bos- 
ton. In  1854  a  beautiful  stone  edifice  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  wooden 
building,  and  in  1871  it  was  remodelled.  In  1863  the  corporate  name  was 
changed  to  "  The  First  Congregational  Society  of  Jamaica  Plain."  The 
pastors  have  been  :  in  1772,  William  Gordon,  an  Englishman,  and  author  of 
the   "History  of    the  American  Revolution:"  in  1793,  Thomas   Gray;    in 

1836,  George  Whitney,  as  associate; 
in  1843,  Joseph  H.  Allen;  in  1845, 
Grindall  Reynold  ;  in  1859,  James 
W.  Thompson,  who  is  still  in  charge, 
with  Charles  F.  Dole,  appointed  in 
1876,  as  associate. 

The  Mount-Vernon  Church,  on 
Ashburton  Place,  formerly  Somerset 
Court,  was  completed  and  dedicated 
in  1844,  six  months  after  the  corner- 
stone was  laid.  The  society  was  or- 
ganized in  1842,  chiefly  to  secure  the 
services  of  Edward  N.  Kirk,  D.D., 
as  pastor,  whose  death,  in  1874, 
closed  a  life-long  service  of  32 
years,  during  which  time  he  gath- 
ered about  him  a  large  and  devoted 
congregation.  Samuel  E.  Herrick, 
D.D.,  was  installed  in  1871  as  pastor. 
At  the  organization  of  the  church  it 
had  47  members.  Since  that  time 
1,596  have  been  added.  The  pres- 
ent membership  is  542.  Dwight  L.  Moody,  the  evangelist,  first  professed 
religion  in  this  church. 

The  South  Congregational  Church,  on  Union-park  Street,  was  first  pro- 
posed in  1825,  to  accommodate  Congregationalists  who  resided  in  the  vicinity 
of  Boylston  Market.  The  chairman  of  the  first  meeting  was  Alden  Bradford, 
ex-secretary  of  the  Commonwealth.     In  1828  was  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a 


Mount-Vernon  Church,  Ashburton  Place. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  177 

church,  which  was  finished  in  the  following  January.  The  first  minister  was 
Mellish  Irving  Motte,  who  had  previously  been  an  Episcopal  clergyman 
in  Charleston,  S.C.  His  ministry  lasted  for  15  years.  His  successor  was 
Frederic  Dan  Huntington,  who,  after  13  years'  successful  service,  left  the 
society  to  become  the  Plummer  Professor  at  Harvard  College.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  minister,  Edward  Everett  Hale,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  College,  who  is  one  of  the  most  untiring  workers  among  the 
clergymen  of  Boston,  and  whose  literary  work  has  made  his  name  familiar 
all  over  the  country.  In  i860  a  larger  church  proved  necessary;  and  on 
the  8th  of  June,  in  the  midst  of  war  and  rumors  of  war,  the  corner-stone 
was  laid.  With  remarkable  promptness  this  beautiful  church  was  finished 
in  seven  months,  and  dedicated  Jan.  8,  1862.  For  the  first  time  a  responsive 
service  was  used  in  the  church ;  and,  after  reading  selections  from  the  Bible, 
the  congregation,  who  had  built  the  church,  with  united  voices  dedicated  it 

"  To  the  glory  of  God  our  Father, 
To  the  gospel  and  memory  of  His  Son,  and 
To  the  communion  and  fellowship  of  His  Spirit." 

The  Walnut-avenue  Congregational  Church,  Roxbury  district,  was  pri- 
marily an  offshoot  from  the  Eliot  Congregational  Church.  Public  services 
were  first  held  Oct.  2,  1870,  and  a  Sunday  school  of  17  classes  was  formed. 
Dec.  19,  following,  the  church  was  duly  recognized  by  a  council  of  churches 
in  the  vicinity,  under  its  present  name,  and  with  a  membership  of  84,  which 
has  since  increased  to  266.  Albert  H.  Plumb  was  installed  pastor  Jan.  4, 
1872.  The  present  edifice,  called  a  chapel,  though  it  is  large,  and  has  a 
seating  capacity  for  about  600,  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Walnut  Avenue 
and  Dale  Street.  It  was  built  of  Roxbury  stone,  with  Nova  Scotia  stone 
trimmings,  and  is  of  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture.  Farewell  services 
were  held  in  Highland  Hall,  where  the  society  first  worshipped,  May  25, 
1873  ;  and  the  new  chapel  was  dedicated  the  following  day. 

The  Winthrop  Congregational  Church  is  on  Green  Street,  Charlestown 
district.  It  was  incorporated  March  1,  1833,  and  called  the  "Winthrop 
Church  "  in  remembrance  of  the  pious  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  who  founded  a 
church  in  Charlestown  in  1630.  The  first  house  of  worship  was  on  Union 
Street.  The  corner-stone  of  the  present  edifice  was  laid  May  31,  1848.  The 
building  is  Gothic,  of  brown-colored  brick ;  and  the  spacious  auditorium  is 
old  style  with  modern  pulpit.  The  pastors  have  been  Daniel  Crosby,  1833- 
1842;  John  Humphrey,  1842-1847;  Benjamin  Tappan,  jun.,  1848— 1857 ; 
Abbott  E.  Kittredge  (now  of  Chicago),  1859-1863  ;  and  J.  E.  Rankin  (now  of 
Washington,  D.C.),  1 864-1 870.  The  present  pastor  is  A.  S.  Twombly,  1872. 
The  church  has  500  members,  and  a  large  Sunday  school.  It  has  always 
been  distinguished  as  a  conservative,  generous  society,  maintaining  the  dig- 
nity of  the  Congregational   polity.       It  has  been  a  "mother  of  churches," 


178 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


sending  its  members  to  nearly  all  the  churches  of  its  denomination  in  Bos- 
ton and  vicinity  from  time  to  time.  Carleton  College,  Minnesota,  and  Doane 
College,  Nebraska,  were  endowed  largely  by  two  of  its  members,  and  named 
from  them. 

The  Shawmut  Congregational  Church,  organized  in  1849,  grew  from  the 
"Suffolk-street  Union  Church,"  a  modest  organization  o±  50  members,  formed 
on  Nov.  20,  1845,  and  worshipping  in  a  little  chapel  on  Shawmut  Avenue, 
built  by  the  City  Missionary  Society,  with  George  A.  Oviatt,  the  latter  soci- 
ety's general  agent,  as  pastor.     The  first  pastor  of  the  organized  Shawmut 

Congregational  Church  was  William 
Cowper  Foster,  who  was  installed 
Oct.  24,  1849.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Charles  Smith,  then  of  Andover, 
who  was  installed  Dec.  8,  1853,  and 
occupied  the  position  until  the  au- 
tumn of  1858.  The  church  was 
then  without  a  pastor  until  June  14, 
i860,  when  Edwin  B.  Webb,  D.D., 
the  present  pastor,  was  called.  He 
was  installed  Oct.  5,  that  year. 
The  chapel  of  the  Missionary  So- 
ciety was  used  by  the  church  until 
1852,  when  a  new  meeting-house 
was  built,  and  dedicated  Nov.  18, 
that  year.  Soon  after  Dr.  Webb's 
settlement,  this  house  was  found  to 
be  inadequate;  and  in  January,  1863, 
it  was  voted  to  erect  a  new  one. 
Accordingly  land  was  purchased  on 
the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Brook- 
line  Streets;  and  the  present  build- 
ing was  erected,  and  was  dedicated 
on  Feb.  11,  1864.  The  society 
maintains  a  mission-chapel,  which 
was  dedicated  Nov.  1,  18G5.  The  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  church, 
placing  the  date  of  its  organization  at  the  time  of  the  establishment  of  the 
"  Suffolk-street  Union  Church,"  was  celebrated  on  the  20th  of  November, 
1870  ;  and  George  A.  Oviatt,  the  first  pastor,  preached  the  historical  sermon. 
The  Union  Church  was  organized  on  June  10,  1822,  with  twelve  mem- 
bers;  on  the  1 8th  another  member  was  admitted;  and  in  August  following 
twelve  more,  they  having  been  dismissed  from  their  respective  churches  to 
strengthen   this  young  organization,  —  eight  from  the  Park-street  Church, 


Shawmut  Congregational  Church,  Tremont  Street 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  179 

three  from  the  Old  South,  and  one  from  the  church  in  Braintree ;  and  in 
commemoration  of  this  event  the  organization  took  its  name.  The  first  pas- 
tor of  the  church  was  Samuel  Green,  who  was  installed  March  26,  1823. 
He  resigned  in  1833  on  account  of  failing  health;  and  his  pastorate  ceased 
on  the  26th  of  March,  1834,  the  eleventh  anniversary  of  his  installation.  A 
few  months  later  he  died.  During  his  ministry  600  members  were  added  to 
the  church.  Nehemiah  Adams  of  Cambridge  succeeded  Mr.  Green,  and 
continued  as  senior  pastor  until  his  death,  Oct.  6,  1878.  He  was  installed 
March  26,  1834;  and  in  1859  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  his  installation 
was  duly  celebrated.  On  Sunday,  Feb.  14,  1869,  Dr.  Adams  was  taken  dan- 
gerously ill  in  his  pulpit,  and  from  that  time  till  May,  1871,  was  unable  to 
preach;  Henry  M.  Parsons  in  the  meanwhile,  Dec.  1,  1870,  having  been 
installed  as  his  associate.  During  Mr.  Adams's  active  ministry,  993  per- 
sons were  admitted  to  the  church.  Mr.  Parsons,  as  associate  pastor,  was 
dismissed  Dec.  30,  1874;  and  on  the  1st  of  February,  1876,  Frank  A.  War- 
field,  then  of  Greenfield,  succeeded  him.  At  present  Mr.  Warfield  is  the 
only  pastor.  The  church  from  which  the  Union  Church  was  formed  first 
gathered  in  Boylston  Hall.  Soon  after,  several  individuals  erected  a  meet- 
ing-house in  Essex  Street ;  but,  after  the  church  had  occupied  it  about  two 
years,  difficulties  arose  between  the  pastor  and  some  of  his  church,  and  the 
pastor  and  the  church  as  a  body  removed  to  Boylston  Hall  again.  Subse- 
quently a  minority,  who  declined  to  follow  the  pastor,  were  organized  into 
a  separate  church,  June  10,  1822  ;  and  Aug.  26  they  took  the  name  of  Union 
Church,  and  obtained  formal  title  to  the  Essex-street  meeting-house,  the  same 
day.  In  1840  this  was  remodelled,  at  an  expense  of  $20,000;  and  on  May 
22,  1869,  after  being  occupied  as  a  place  of  worship  for  almost  half  a  century, 
the  last  public  services  were  held  within  its  walls,  and  it  was  soon  after 
occupied  for  purposes  of  trade.  The  present  beautiful  and  costly  edifice, 
on  Columbus  Avenue,  corner  of  Newton  Street,  to  which  the  church  re- 
moved, was  dedicated  Nov.  17,  1870.  The  building  of  this  church  em- 
barrassed the  society  by  a  heavy  debt ;  but  this  was  wholly  removed  a  few 
years  later. 

The  Church  of  the  Messiah  (Episcopal),  on  Florence  Street,  was  organ- 
ized in  1843.  Its  first  rector  was  George  M.  Randall,  D.D.,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Colorado,  who  continued  as  rector  until  his  elevation  to  the 
episcopate  in  1866.  Pelham  Williams,  D.D.,  was  his  successor,  and  served 
until  1876,  when  he  resigned,  and  Henry  Freeman  Allen  (the  present  rector) 
succeeded  him.  Mr.  Allen  is  of  a  Boston  family,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  i860.  In  1869  the  seats  in  the  church  were  made  free  to  all,  and 
have  so  remained  ever  since.  At  the  same  time  there  were  introduced  in 
the  parish  various  important  changes  in  its  practice,  including  the  use  of 
daily  morning  and  evening  prayer  throughout  the  year,  the  celebration  of 


180  A'ING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  holy  communion  on  all  Sundays  and  festival-days,  and  the  rendering 
of  the  musical  part  of  the  service  by  a  surpliced  male  choir.  The  order  and 
character  of  the  services  are  still  the  same. 

The  Twenty-eighth  Congregational  Society  was  founded  by  Theodore 
Parker.  It  was  organized  in  November,  1845,  by  "friends  of  free  thought," 
after  Mr.  Parker  had  been  preaching  for  some  months  in  Boston.  Services 
were  held  in  the  Melodeon  until  the  autumn  of  1852,  and  afterwards  in  the 
Music  Hall.  Mr.  Parker  preached  regularly  until  his  illness  in  1859,  and 
continued  as  minister  until  his  death,  May  10,  i860.  For  a  while  after  this, 
Samuel  R.  Calthrop,  now  of  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  occupied  the  pulpit ;  from  May, 
1865,  to  July,  1866,  David  A.  Wasson  was  the  minister;  during  1867  and 
1868,  Rev.  Samuel  Longfellow;  from  December,  1868,  to  November,  1871, 
James  Vila  Blake ;  and  the  present  minister  is  J.  L.  Dudley.  The  society 
has  also  had  occasional  pulpit  services  of  such  men  as  Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son, William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell  Phillips,  John  Weiss,  Moncure  D. 
Conway,  Francis  E.  Abbott,  O.  B.  Frothingham ;  and  such  women  as 
Ednah  D.  Cheney  and  Celia  Burleigh.  In  1866  the  society  removed  to 
the  Parker  Fraternity  Rooms,  then  at  No.  554  Washington  Street;  and  in 
1873  to  the  building  on  Berkeley,  corner  of  Appleton  Street,  then  newly 
erected  by  the  Fraternity  as  a  memorial  to  Theodore  Parker,  and  known  as 
the  Parker  Memorial  Hall. 

The  New  Jerusalem  Church  Society  (Swedenborgian)  was  formed  in 
1818,  of  twelve  members;  and  at  the  present  date  (1878)  the  total  member- 
ship is  over  600.  The  late  Thomas  Worcester,  D.D.,the  first  pastor,  was 
one  of  its  original  founders.  During  his  collegiate  course  at  Harvard  he 
became  deeply  interested  in  the  writings  of  Swedenborg,  and  entered  the 
service  of  the  newly-formed  society  immediately  after  he  was  graduated. 
He  continued  as  leader  and  pastor  for  forty-nine  years.  James  Reed,  the 
present  pastor,  was  ordained  as  Dr.  Worcester's  assistant  in  i860,  and  suc- 
ceeded him  in  1867.  The  house  of  worship  on  Bowdoin  Street  was  built 
and  dedicated  in  1845,  and  has  been  occupied  ever  since.  Its  seating 
capacity  is  about  800.  F'or  a  long  time  there  was  no  other  society  of  the 
New  Jerusalem  or  Swedenborgian  Church  in  Boston  or  vicinity.  Within  a 
few  years,  however,  churches  have  been  established  in  the  Roxbury  district, 
Brookline,  Newton,  and  Waltham,  largely  composed  of  members  of  the 
original  society.  In  consequence  of  the  small  number  of  neighboring- 
societies,  nearly  every  district  and  suburb  of  Boston  is  represented  in  the 
congregations  of  the  Bowdoin-street  church.  There  is  probably  no  other 
church  in  the  city  whose  regular  attendants  come,  on  the  average,  from  so 
great  a  distance. 

The  Congregational  House  is  on  the  corner  of  Beacon  and  Somerset 
Streets.     It  was  put  into  its  present  form,  and  consecrated  to  its  present 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


i»i 


Congregational    House,   Beacon  Street. 


use,  in  1873.  It  has  a  frontage  on  Beacon  Street  of  103  feet,  and  on  Somer- 
set Street  of  93  feet.  It  is  built  of  faced  granite,  front  and  rear,  and  is 
owned  and  con- 
trolled by  the 
American  Congre- 
gational Associa- 
tion, which  was 
incorporated  in 
1854.  It  was  in- 
tended to  accom- 
modate, first  and 
chiefly,  all  the  be- 
nevolent societies 
having    offices    in 


Boston  to  which 
the  Congregation- 
al churches  make 
their  regular  con- 
tributions. It  has, 
therefore,  the  ex- 
ecutive officers  and  workers  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions,  the  Woman's  Board,  the  Congregational  Publishing  So- 
ciety, the  Massachusetts  Home 
Missionary  Society,  the  Ameri- 
can Missionary  Association,  the 
American  College  and  Educa- 
tion Society,  the  American  Peace 
Society,  the  Congregational  Li- 
brary, and  the  Boston  City  Mis- 
sionary Society.  The  editorial 
and  business  rooms  of  "  The 
Con<>re«'ationalist,"  the  Massa- 
chusetts  Total  Abstinence  So- 
ciety, Prof.  L.  B.  Monroe's 
School  of  Oratory,  and  Thomas 
Todd's  printing-rooms,  are  in 
this  building;  and  three  of  its 
stores  are  occupied  by  the  Rox- 
bury  Carpet  Company.  It  has  a 
large  hall  on  the  third  floor,  in 

Wesleyan  Association   Building,   Bromfield   Street.  which  the  ConoTeo-ational  minis- 

ters of  Boston  and  vicinity  hold  weekly  and  occasional  meetings,  and  the 


l82 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Congregational  Club  has  its  monthly  social  gatherings.  The  religious  issues 
of  these  various  organizations,  in  the  form  of  weekly,  monthly,  quarterly,  and 
annual  publications,  are  numbered  by  millions,  and  sent  to  every  part  of  the 
English-reading  world. 

The  Wesleyan  Association  building,  34  to  38  Bromfield  Street,  east  of 
the  Methodist  church,  was  erected  in  1870  by  the  Wesleyan  Association,  a 
corporation  organized  for  the  purpose  of  publishing  a  Methodist  family 
paper.  In  the  rear  wing  of  the  second  story  there  is  a  fine  hall,  with  seats 
for  300  persons,  that  is  used  chiefly  for  meetings,  lectures,  and  concerts. 
Among  the  occupants  of  the  building,  are  the  Methodist  Theological  Semi- 
nary, on  the  two  upper  floors:  Nichols  &  Hall,  booksellers;  G.  S.  Bryant 
&  Co.,  dealers  in  pictures,  frames,  and  photographers'  materials  ;  and  the 
Methodist  Book  Concern,  on  the  first  floor:  "Zion's  Herald;''"  The  Massa- 
chusetts Temperance  Alliance  ;  and  "  The  Nursery,"  published  by  J.  L. 
Shorey,  on  the  second  floor. 

The  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian  Union  was  organized  in   1851,  and 

incorporated  in  1852.  Its  new  and  beau- 
tiful building,  18  Boylston  Street,  was 
dedicated  in  1876.  The  aim  of  the  Union 
is  to  provide  for  young  men  a  homelike 
resort,  with  opportunities  for  good  reading, 
pleasant  social  intercourse,  entertainment, 
and  healthful  exercise.  The  Union  is 
aided  by  many  practical  philanthropists. 
The  Christmas  and  New-Year's  Festival 
for  needy  children,  the  work  of  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Committee,  the  "  Country  Week "  (a 
vacation  for  needy  and  worthy  children), 
are  some  of  its  special  charities.  Religious 
services  are  held  Sunday  evenings,  in  the 
Union  Hall :  classes  are  formed  for  the 
study  of  languages  and  the  English  branch- 
es ;  lectures,  readings,  and  "practical  talks  " 
are  given  ;  dramatic  and  musical  entertain- 
ments are  offered ;  members'  socials  and 
out-door  excursions  are  provided.  The 
gymnasium  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best- 
equipped  in  this  country.  There  is  an 
Employment  Bureau  for  young  men,  Bureau  of  Reference  for  ladies, 
Boarding-house  Committee,  Church  Committee,  Reception  Committee,  and 
a  Visiting  Committee  to  care  for  the  sick.  The  Union  is  non-sectarian, 
and   the   membership  fee   is  one   dollar  a  year.     William  H.  Baldwin  is  the 


Young  Men's  Christian  Union,  Boylston  St. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


183 


president  of  the  Union,  Henry  P.  Kidder  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  Otis  Norcross  treasurer.     In  the  basement  is  the  Union  coffee-room. 

The  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  was  organized  Dec. 
22,  185 1,  and  is  the  oldest  "  Y.  M.  C.  A."  in  the  United  States.  With  the 
exception  of  the  Montreal  association,  which  was  formed  only  one  week 
earlier,  it  is  the  old- 
est in  North  America. 
The  first  rooms  oc- 
cupied by  the  Boston 
association  were  at 
the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Summer 
Streets.  Its  first 
president  was  Fran- 
cis O.  Watts.  From 
1853  to  1872  the  As- 
sociation occupied 
rooms  in  Tremont 
Temple.  The  pres- 
ent building,  which 
is  owned  by  the  As- 
sociation, is  at  the 
corner  of  Tremont 
and  Eliot  Streets. 
During  the  war  500 
of  its  members  en- 
listed in  the  Union 
armies,  and  went  into 
the  field  ;  and  the 
Army  Relief  Com- 
mittee raised  $333,- 
237.49,  which  was 
expended  by  the 
Christian  Commission.  The  Association  also  rendered  efficient  service  in 
sending  aid  to  Chicago  after  its  great  fire  ;  over  $34,000  in  cash  being 
raised,  besides  goods  to  the  value  of  $219,000.  In  1878  the  Association 
attained  its  highest  record  in  money  raised  for  current  expenses.  Its 
present  membership  is  3,077.  Its  library  has  4,478  volumes,  and  its  reading- 
room  is  well  supplied  with  papers  and  magazines.  The  parlor  is  large  and 
handsomely  furnished.  The  gymnasium  is  spacious  and  well  patronized. 
The  sociables,  receptions,  lectures,  and  classes  are  very  popular  among  the 
young  men  of  the  city.  George  A.  Miner  is  president,  and  M.  R. Denning 
general  secretary. 


Young   Men's  Christian  Association   Building,    Eliot  Street. 


1 84  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  churches  of  Boston  :  — 


Baptist. 

Bethel      .... 

Bowdoin-square    . 
Brighton-avenue   . 
Bunker-hill  .     .     . 
Central-square 
Clarendon-street    . 
Day  Star  (colored) 
Dearborn-street 
Dudley-street    . 
Ebenezer  (colored) 

First    

First  of  Charlestown 
Fourth-street     .     . 
Harvard-street 
Independent  (colored) 
Jamaica  Plain   .     . 
Neponset-avenue  . 
Ruggles-street  .     . 

South  

Stoughton-street    . 
Trinity     .... 
Twelfth  (colored) 
Union  Temple  . 
Warren-avenue 

Catholic  Apostol 
Catholic  Apostolic 

Christian. 

Tyler  Street .     .     . 


Congregational  Trin- 
itarian. 

Berkeley-street  .  .  , 
Boylston  Chapel    .     .     . 

Brighton 

Central 

Central,  Jamaica  Plain  , 
Chambers-street  .  .  , 
Dorchester  Second     .     , 

Eliot , 

E-street 

First  Parish  Church  and 
Society  of  Chs'n 

Highland 

Holland 

Immanuel 

Lenox-street  Chapel  . 

Maverick 

Mount- Vernon  .  .  . 
Old  Colony  Chapel    .     . 

Old  South 

Olivet 

Park-street 

Phillips 

Pilgrim 

Salem  and  Mariners' . 
Shawmut  Branch  Chapel 


1851    !  Hanover,  c.  North  Bennet  St. 
1840  \  Bowdoin  Square. 
1853   ;  Brighton  Avenue,  Allston. 
1851    !  Bunker-hill  St.,  Charlestown. 

1844  Central  Square,  East  Boston. 

1827  ;  Clarendon,  c.  Montgomery  St. 

1876  Appleton,  near  Tremont  St. 
1871    j  Dearborn  Street. 

1821      137  Dudley  Street. 

1873      85  West  Concord  Street. 

1664   ;  Shawmut  Ave.,  c.  Rutland  St. 

1801   \  Lawrence,  c.  Austin  St.,  Chs'n. 

1858  I  Fourth,  corner  L  Street,  S.B. 

1839  I  Harrison  Ave.,  c.  Harvard  St. 

1805     Joy  Street. 

1842     Centre,  c.  Myrtle  Street,  J. P. 

1837   1  Chickatawbut  Street,  Neponset. 

1870  I  Ruggles  Street. 

1828  ;  Broadway,  c.  F  Street,  S.B. 

1845  I  Stoughton,  c.  Sumner  St.,  Dor. 

1877  '  Lyceum  Hall,  East  Boston. 
1848   j  Phillips  Street. 

1863   '  Tremont  Temple. 

1743  I  Warren  Ave.,  c.  W.  Canton  St. 


1827 

1827 
1835 
1853 


1834 
i860 
1632 

1869 
1873 
1857 

'1836 
1842 

1669 
1876 
1809 
1823 
1867 
1827 


CLERGYMAN. 


Henry  A.  Cooke  .     , 

F.  B.  Dickinson  .     . 
Francis  E.  Tower     . 
William  O.  Holman 
J.  Spencer  Kennard 
Adoniram  J.  Cordon,  D 

A.  Ellis 

Charles  A.  Reese 
Henry  M.  King,  D.D. 
J.  H.  Gaines    . 

G.  B.  Crane,  D.D.  . 
John  B.  Brackett,  D.D 
L.  L.  Wood  .  .  . 
O.  T.  Walker  .  .  . 
John  W.  Matthews  . 
D.  H.  Taylor  .  .  . 
Joseph  Banvard,  D.D. 
Robert  G.  Seymour  . 

J.  H.  Barrows      .     . 


George  F.  Warren  . 
1  William  C.  Dennis  . 
!  George  C.  Lorimer,  D.D 


D 


1864  j  227  Tremont  Street. 


1804     Tyler,  corner  Kneeland  Street. 


Berkeley  St.,  c.  Warren  Ave. 
Chapel  St.  n.  Boyls'n-st.Sta.J.P. 
Wash'nSt.,opp.  C.F. Hotel,  Br. 
Berkeley,  c.  Newbury  Street. 
Elm  St.,  c.  Seaverns  Ave.,  J. P. 
Chambers,  near  Cambridge  St. 
Washington,  c.  Centre  St.,  Dor. 

Kenilworth  Street. 

E  Street,  South  Boston. 

Harvard  Square,  Charlestown.  I  Henry  L.  Kendall 


Joseph  B.  Clark  .     . 
F.  B.  Allen      .     .     . 
James  H.  Means 
)  A.  C.  Thompson,  D.D 
I  B.  F.  Hamilton 
Simeon  S.  Hughson 


Parker,  near  Tremont  Street. 
Parker,  corner  Ruggles  Street. 
Moreland,  c.  Copeland  Street. 
Lenox  Street. 

Central  Square,  East  Boston. 
Ashburton  Place. 
Tyler,  near  Harvard  Street. 
Dartmouth,  c.  Boylston  Street. 
Concord  Hall,  W.  Springfield  St. 
Tremont,  corner  Park  Street. 
Broadway,  n.  Dorch.  St.,  S.B. 
Stoughton  Street,  Dorchester. 
Salem,  c.  North  Bennet  Street. 
642  Harrison  Avenue. 


Albert  E.  Dunning 
G.  Van  DeKreeke 
Lyman  H.  Blake 
W.  L.  Lockwood 
John  V.  Hilton     . 
Samuel  E.  Herrick,  D. 
D.  W.  Waldron    .     . 
Jacob  M.  Manning,  D 
F.  H.  Allen      .     .     . 
John  L.  Withrow,  D.D 
R.  R.  Meredith    . 
H.  A.  Shorey  .     . 
Stephen  H.  Hayes 
D.  W.  Waldron   . 


D. 


I). 


X  8 
o  as 

2  < 

u 


1877 
1871 

1874 
1877 

1869 
1876 
1878 
1863 
1876 
1877 
1877 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1875 

1870 
1878 


1877 
1876 
1873 


Jasper  F.  Wightman     .  .  1874 

Edward  Edmunds     .     .  .  1843 

William  Burnet  Wright  .  1867 
Henry  A.  Stevens     . 


1874 


1872 
1876 
1848 
1842 
1871 
1877 

1876 

1870 

1873 
1877 

"1873 
1871 


1857 
1878 
1876 
1878 
1877 
1870 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


'»5 


Shawmut 

South  Evangelical      .     . 

Trinity 

Union 

Village 

Walnut-avenue      .     .     . 
Winthrop 

Congregational   Uni- 
tarian. 

Arlington-street  .  .  . 
Brattle-square  .  .  .  . 
Bulfinch-place  Chapel  . 
Christian  Unity  Society 
Church  of  our  Father  . 
Church  of  the  Disciples 
Church  of  the  Unity. 
Ch.  of  the  Unity,  of  Nep. 
First 

First  Cong.  Society    .     . 

First  Parish  of  Brighton 
First  Parish  of  Dor.  .     . 
First  Parish  of  W.  Rox.  . 
First  Religious  Society 

in  Roxbury    .     .     . 
Hanover-street  Chapel 
Harrison-square     . 
Harvard  Chapel     . 
Harvard  .... 

Hawes-place  Cong. 
Hollis-street       .     . 
King's  Chapel  . 
Mount-Pleasant 
New  North  .     .     . 
New  South  Free    . 
Second     .... 

Second  Hawes  Cong. 
South  ...... 

Third  Religious  Society 
Warren-street  Chapel 
Wash.Vil.  Union  Chapel 
West 


Episcopal. 

All  Saints' 

Chapel  of  the  Evangelists 

Christ 

Church  of  the  Advent  . 
Ch.  of  the  Good  Shepherd 
Church  of  the  Messiah  . 

Emmanuel 

Grace 

Reformed 

St.  James 

St.  John|s  of  B.  H'ghl'ds 
St.  John's  of  Charlestown 
St.  John's  of  E.  Boston 
St.  John's  of  Jamaica  PI 
St.  Margaret's .     . 
St.  Mark's   .     .     , 
St.  Mary's    .     .     , 
St.  Mary's  of  Dor. 
St.  Matthew's  . 


1845 
1835 

1859 
1822 
1829 
1870 
1833 


1727 
1699 
1826 
1859 


1857 
1859 
1630 

1770 

1730 
1630 
1712 

1630 

1854 


1817 
1819 
1732 
1686 
1846 
1714 
1867 
1649 

1845 
1827 
1813 

1835 
1856 
J736 


1868 
1876 
!723 


1843 
i860 
1874 
1877 
1832 
1871 
1839 
1845 

1871 
1851 
1851 

'1816 


Tremont,  c.  Brookline  Street. 
Centre,  c.Mt. Vernon  St. W. Rox. 
Walnut  Street,  Neponset. 
485  Columbus  Avenue. 
River,  near  Temple  St.,  Dor. 
Walnut  Avenue,  c.  Dale  Street. 
Green  Street,  Charlestown. 


Arlington  Street. 

Commonw'h  Av.c. Clarendon  St, 

Bulfinch  Place. 


50  Meridian  Street,  E.B. 
W.  Brookline  St.,  c.WarrenAve, 
91  West  Newton  Street. 
Walnut  Street,  Neponset. 
Marlborough,  c.  Berkeley  St. 

Centre,  c.  Eliot  Street,  J. P. 

Washington,  c.  Market  St.,  Br. 
Winter,  c.  East  St.,  Dorchester. 
Centre,  c.  Church  St.,  W.  Rox. 

Eliot  Square,  Roxbury. 

175  Hanover  Street. 
Neponset  Ave.,  c.  Mill  St.,  Dor. 


CLERGYMAN. 


Edwin  B.  Webb,  D.D. 
Edward  Strong,  D.D. 


F.  A.  Warfield  .  . 
Philander  Thurston  . 
Albert  H.  Plumb  . 
Alexander  S.  Twombly 


John  F.  W.  Ware 


Samuel  H.  Winkley. 


Warren  H.  Cudworth 
James  Freeman  Clarke 
Minot  J.  Savage  .     . 


Main,  c.  Green  St., Charlestown 
K,  c.  East  Fourth  Street,  S.B. 
Hollis  Street. 

Tremont,  corner  School  Street. 
221  Dudley  Street. 


Camden,  corner  Tremont  Street. 
Boylston,  near  Clarendon  St. 
Broadway,  bet.  G  &  H  Sts.,  S.B. 
Union  Park  Street. 
Richmond  Street,  Dorchester. 
Warrenton  Street. 
Dorchester  Street, South  Boston. 
Cambridge,  c.  Lynde  Street. 


Dorchester  Ave.,  Dorchester. 

Charles,  near  Allen  Street. 

Salem  Street. 

Bowdoin  Street. 

Cortes  Street. 

Florence  Street. 

Newbury  St.,  n.  Arlington  St. 

Dorchester  Street, South  Boston. 

Somerset  St.  (in  Baptist  Ch.). 

St.  James,  n.Wash.  St. Roxbury. 

1262  Tremont  Street. 

Bow,  c.  Richmond  St.,  Chs'n. 

Paris,  c.  Decatur  Street,  E.B. 

Centre  Street,  Jamaica  Plain. 

Washington,  c.  Church  St.,  Br. 

West  Newton  Street. 

Parmenter  Street. 

Bowdoin  Street,  Dorchester. 

408  Broadway,  South  Boston. 


Rufus  Ellis,  D.D.     . 
\  James  W.  Thompson 
)  Charles  F.  Dole 
William  Brunton . 
Samuel  J    Barrows  . 
Aug.  M.  Haskell      . 

John  Graham  Brooks 

Edwin  J.  Gerry    . 
Caleb  D.  Bradlee 


Pitt  Dillingham 
Herman  Bisbee 


Henry  W    Foote  . 
Carlos  C.  Carpenter 


W'illiam  P.  Tilden 


8  < 


i860 
1872 


1876 
1875 

1872 
1872 


1872 

1846 


1852 
1841 

1874 


1853 
1859 
1876 
1877 
1876 

1870 

1875 

1858 
1876 


1876 
1874 


1861 

1870 


1867 


George  A.  Thayer 

Edward  E.  Hale  ....      1856 

George  M .  Bodge 

William  G.  Babcock      .     .     1865 

James  Sallaway    .     . 

Cyrus  A.  Bartol,  D.D.      .      1837 


George  S.  Bennitt    ...  I   1875 

B.  B.  Killikelly  ....  1877 
Henry  Burroughs,  D.D.   .      1868 

C.  C.  Grafton,  D.D.  .  .  1872 
George  J.  Prescott  .  .  .  1874 
Henry  F.  Allen  ....  1876 
Leighton  Parks  ....  1878 
Alex.  Mackay  Smith  .  .  1877 
Samuel  Cutler  ....  1877 
Percy  Browne  ....  1872 
George  S .  Converse .  .  .  1874 
Thomas  R.  Lambert,  D.D.      1856 

F.  S.  Harradon 

Sumner  U.  Shearman 

Thomas  Cole 1876 

Charles  H.  Babcock 

Joshua  R.  Peirce  .  .  .  1872 
L.  W.  Saltonstall  .  .  .  1878 
John  Wright 1874 


i86 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


St.  Matthew's  Chapel 
St.  Paul's  .... 
St.  Stephen's  .  .  . 
Trinity 


Freewill  Baptist. 

D-street 

First 

Jewish. 

Cong.  Har  Moriah     . 
Cong.  Mishkan  Israel 
Cong.  Shaaray  Tefila 
Congregational  Bethel 
Ohabei  Shalom      .     . 
Shomri  Shabos 
Temple    Adath    Israel  ) 
(German)  .     ) 

Lutheran. 

Evang.  Lutheran  Zion  . 
First  Scand.  Evangel.  . 
Immanuel's  German  .  . 
Swedish  Evan.  Emanuel 
Trinity  (German)       .     . 

Methodist. 

Benningt'n-street  Chapel 
First  African     .... 
First  Independent 
Zion  (colored)  .... 


Methodist  Episcopal 

Allston     .     .     . 
Appleton 
Broadway     .     . 
Dorchester   .     . 
Dorchester-street 
Egleston-square 
First   .... 
Grace  (German) 
Harrison-avenue 
Harrison-square 
Highland      .     . 
Jamaica  Plain  . 
Mariners'      .     . 
Mattapan     .     . 
Meridian-street 
Mount-Pleasant 
People's  .     .     . 
Revere-street  (colore 
Roslindale   .     . 
Ruggles-street  . 
Saratoga-street 
Second     .     . 
Tremont-street 
Trinity     . 
Monument-square 
Washington  Village 
Winthrop-street 


u) 


1875 
1819 
1829 
1728 


1835 


1843 


1834 


1873 
1871 


1839 
1862 


1872 
1851 
1832 
1818 
i860 

1771 
1840 

1870 
^859 


1873 
1798 


East  Fifth,  c.  N  Street,  S.B. 
134  Tremont  Street. 
Tyler,  corner  Kneeland  Street. 
Boylston,  c.  Clarendon  Street. 


D,  corner  Silver  Street,  S.B. 
Somerset,  near  Beacon  Street. 


72  Westminster  Street. 

Ash  Street. 

Winchester  and  Church  Streets. 

284  Harrison  Avenue. 

Warrenton  Street. 

219  Hanover  Street. 

139  Pleasant  Street. 


Shawmut  Ave.,  c.  Waltham  St. 

Parmenter  Street. 

77  Chelsea  Street,  East  Boston. 

Emerald  Street. 

Parker,  near  Tremont  Street. 


CLERGYMAN. 


John  Wright    .... 
Wm.  Wilberforce  Newton 
Andrew  Gray  .... 
Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.   . 


Bennington  Street,  East  Boston, 
68  Charles  Street. 
87  Shawmut  Avenue. 
North  Russell  Street. 


Harvard  Av.c.  Farring'n  St.  All. 

Walnut  St.,  n.  Nep.  Ave.,  Nep. 

Broadway,  near  F  Street,  S.B. 

Washington, n.  SanfordSt.,Dor. 

Dorchester,  c.  Silver  St.,  S.B. 

Washington,  c.  Beethoven  St. 

Temple  Street. 

777  Shawmut  Avenue. 

375  Harrison  Avenue. 

Parkman  Street,  Dorchester. 

160  Warren  Street. 

Revere,  c.  Newbern  St.,  J. P. 

North  Square. 

Norfolk  Street,  Mattapan. 

Meridian,  c.  Decatur  St.,  E.B. 


Columbus  Ave.,  c.  Berkeley  St. 

Revere  Street. 

Ashland, n. Florence  St., W.Rox. 

Ruggles,  c.  Windsor  Street. 

Saratoga  Street,  East  Boston. 

Bromfield  Street. 

Tremont,  c.  West  Concord  St. 

High,  c.  WoodSt.,Chs'n. 

Monument  Sq.,  Charlestown. 

Washington  Village. 

Winthrop  Street,  Roxbury. 


Isaac  Ritterman  . 
L.  Crown    .     .     . 
Mark  J.  Hamburger 
R.  Lasker   .     .     . 
Isaac  B.  Reinherz 

Solomon  Schindler 


C.  J.  Hermann  Fick 


C.  F.  Johannson  .     . 
Adolf  Biewend     .     . 


W.  H.  Hunter 
Henry  Morgan 
R.  H.  Dyson  . 


W.  G.  Richardson  .  .  . 
Charles  F.  Rice  .  .  .  . 
John  H.  Twombly,  D.D.  . 
Frank  J.  Wagner  .  .  . 
Nicholas  T.  Whitaker  .     . 

D.  W.  Couch 

J.  A.  M.  Chapman,  D.D., 
J.  Kolb 


L.  D.  Bragg  . 
J.  W.  Johnston 
J.  W.  Bashford 
C.  L.  Eastman 
O.  L.  Carter  . 
Lewis  B.  Bates 
Alfred  Woods  . 
J.  W.  Hamilton 


S.  S.  Curry      .... 
William  G.  Leonard 
William  R.  Clark,  D.D. 
W.  F.  Mallalieu,  D.D. 
William  S.  Studley,  D.D. 
Alfred  A.  Wright      .     . 
Joseph  H.  Mansfield     . 


H.  A.  Cleaveland 


9.  K 
2  < 


1874 
1877 
1875 


1873 
1871 


1876 


1876 
1877 


1876 


1878 
1876 
1878 
1876 
1878 
1878 
1878 
1876 


1878 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1877 
1877 


[876 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


Miscellaneous. 

Boston  Deaf-Mute  Soc.  . 
Church  of  "Jesus  Only  " 
French  Services    .     .     . 

Grove  Hall 

New-England  Indepen- 
dent Congregational 
North-End  Mission    .     . 
North-st.  Union  Mission 
Twenty-eighthCong.Soc. 
Union  for  ChristianWork 

New  Jerusalem. 

(Swedeuborgian.) 

Boston  Highlands  Soc.  . 
First  New  Jerusalem 

Presbyterian. 

First 

First  of  East  Boston 
First  Reformed 
First  United      .     . 
Fourth     .     .     .     . 
Second  Reformed  . 
Shawmut-street 

Reformed. 
German 

Roman  Catholic. 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy 

Cross 

Church  of  our  Lady  of 

Perpetual  Help  .     .     | 
Church  of  our  Lady  of  ) 

the  Assumption .     .     \ 
Church    of    our    Most  ) 

Holy  Redeemer .     .     \ 
Church  of  the  Gate  of) 

Heaven     .     .     .     .     I 
Church    of    the    Holy  ) 

Trinity  (German)  .     \ 
Church  of  the  Immacu-  ) 

late  Conception  .     .     ) 
Church   of  the   Sacred  / 

Heart ) 

Star  of  the  Sea .     .     .     . 
St.  Augustine         .     . 
St.  Columbkille 
St.  Francis  de  Sales  . 
St.  Francis  de  Sales  . 

St.  Gregory 

St.  James 

St.    John    the    Baptist  ) 

(Portuguese)      .     .     ) 

St.  Joseph's 

St.  Joseph's  of  Roxbury 
St.    Leonard's   of  Port  ) 

Morris  (Italian)      .     ) 
St.  Marys  of  the  Sacred  I 

Heart \ 


1874 


1875 

1877 
1858 
1845 


1870 
1818 


1833 


1803 


1842 
1861 


1S19 


1854 


1875 
1836 


Boylston  Hall. 

2  Beacon-hill  Place. 

18  Boylston  Street. 

Warren  St.,  c.  Blue-hill  Ave. 

Music  Hall. 

201  North  Street. 
144  Hanover  Street. 
Berkeley,  c.  Appleton  Street. 
Heath  Street. 


St.  James,  c.  Regent  Street. 
Bowdoin  Street. 


Berkeley,  c.  Columbus  Avenue. 
Meridian  Street,  East,  Boston. 
Ferdinand,  c.  Isabella  Street. 
Berkeley,  c.  Chandler  Street. 
Fourth,  bet.  G  and  H  Sts.,  S.B. 
176  Tremont  Street. 
8  Shawmut  Street. 


8  Shawmut  Street. 

Washington,  c.  Maiden  Street. 
1545  Tremont  Street. 
Sumner  Street,  East  Boston. 
Maverick  Street,  East  Boston. 
I,  near  Fourth  Street,  S.B. 
140  Shawmut  Avenue. 
Harrison  Ave.,  c.  E.  Concord  St, 

Brooks,  c.  Paris  Street. 

Saratoga  Street. 

Dorchester,  near  Eighth  Street. 

Arlington,  c.  Market  St.,  Br. 

Bunker-hill  St.,  Charlestown. 

103  Vernon  Street. 

Dorch.  Ave.,  n.  Richmond  St. 

Harrison  Ave.,  n.  Kneeland  St. 

North  Bennet  Street. 

Chambers  Street. 
Circuit  Street,  Roxbury. 

Prince  Street. 

Endicott,  c.  Thacher  Street. 


CLERGYMAN. 


Edmund  Squire 
N.  Cyr  .  .  . 
Charles  Cullis  . 


William  H.  H.  Murray 

J.  H.  Crowell .... 
Philip  Davies  .... 
John  L.  Dudley  .  .  . 
William  Bradley  .     .     . 


Abiel  Silver 
James  Reed 


James  B.  Dunn 


William  Graham  .     .     . 
Alexander  Blaikie,  D.D. 
William  M.  Baker    .     . 
David  McFall      .     .     . 
P.  M.  McDonald      .     . 


Louis  B.  Schwarz     . 

John  B.  Smith  .  . 
William  Loewekamp 
Joseph  H.  Cassin 
James  Fitton  .  .  . 
M.  F.  Higg'.ns  .  . 
Francis  X.  Nopper  . 
Robert  Fulton  .  . 
L.  P.  McCarthy  .     . 


Dennis  O'Callahan  . 

P.  J.  Rogers   .     .  . 

M.  J.  Supple   .     .  . 

J.  J.  Delahanty   .  . 

W.  H.  Fitzpatrick  . 
Thomas  H.  Shahan  . 

H.  B.  M.  Hughes,  J.O 

William  J.  Daly  .  . 

P.  O'Beirne     .     .  . 


J.  N.  Boniface      .     , 
William  H.  Duncan 


D. 


S  K 

2  < 


1874 
1875 


1870 
1867 


1847 


1877 
i873 

1855 
1873 


1875 


1877 


i88 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Paul 


St.  Mary's  .  . 
St.  Patrick's 
St.  Peter  and  St 
St.  Peter's  .  .  . 
St.  Stephen's  .  . 
St.  Theresa  .  .  . 
St.  Thomas  .  .  . 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul 

Second  Advent 

Branch  Chapel .     . 
Evangelical  Advent 


Universalist. 

Brighton       .     .     . 
Central-square  . 
Church  of  Our  Father 
First  of  Roxbury  . 
First  of  Charlestown 
Grove  Hall  . 
Jamaica  Plain 
Second     .     . 
Shawmut 
St.  John's     . 


1829 

1835 
1S38 
1872 
1842 


1872 


1848 


1872 
1865 
1869 
1821 
1812 
1878 
1872 
1817 
1837 
1873 


LOCATION. 


Richmond  Street,  Charlestown. 
Dudley,  c.  Magazine  Street. 
Broadway,  South  Boston. 
Meeting-house  Hill,  Dorchester, 
Hanover,  corner  Clark  Street. 
Spring  Street,  West  Roxbury. 
South,  c.  Jamaica  Street,  J. P. 
E,  corner  Third  Street. 


2029  Washington  Street. 
Hudson,  c.  Kneeland  Street. 


Union  Square,  Brighton. 
Central  Square,  East  Boston. 
Broadway,  opp.  Blind  St.,  S.B. 
Guild  Row,  c.  Dudley  Street. 
Warren  Street,  Charlestown. 
Blue-hill  Ave.,  c.  Schuyler  St. 
Centre  St.  ,n  .Greenough  Av. ,  J .  P. 
Columbus  Ave.,  c  Clarendon  St. 
Shawmut  Ave., bel.Brookline  St. 
Adams,  c.  Gibson  Street,  Dor. 


CLERGYMAN. 


William  Byrne  .  . 
J.  H.  Gallagher  .  . 
William  A.  Blenkinsop 
Peter  Ronan  .  .  . 
Michael  Moran  .  . 
Richard  J.  Barry 
T.  L.  Magennis  .  . 
William  J.  Corcoran 


John  G.  Hook 
Cyrus  Cunningham 


B.  F.  Eaton 


John  J.  Lewis .     .     . 
A.  J.  Patterson,  D.D. 
Charles  F.  Lee     .     . 
F.  A.  Dillingham 


Alonzo  A.  Miner,  D.D. 

Joseph  K.  Mason 

C.  H.  Leonard  .  .  . 


1874 
1872 
1863 
1872 
1872 


1867 
1866 


1877 
1875 


Note.  — The  names,  and  the  dates  of  formation,  of  the  churches  were  in  most  cases  furnished  by 
the  clergymen  in  charge.     Many  of  them  differ  from  those  published  in  other  works. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


189 


Cfje  ©eart  of  tlje  CCttg. 

BENEVOLENT   AND   CHARITABLE    ORGANIZATIONS,    HOMES, 

AND   ASYLUMS. 


THE  many  public  and  private  organized  charities  of  Boston  are  quite 
bewildering  in  their  variety;  and  their  work  is  done,  as  a  rule,  system- 
atically and  well.  Many  thousand  dollars  are  expended  annually;  and  every 
class  of  the  poor  and  unfortunate  is  in  one  way  or  another  reached,  more 
or  less  satisfactorily,  by  the  several  organizations ;  and  it  would  seem  that, 
in  a  city  so  well  supplied  with  such  institutions,  and  with  such  a  noble  band 
of  professional  and  volunteer  workers,  there  should  be  little  suffering  and 
want  within  its  limits.  But,  alas,  and  alas  !  "  The  poor  ye  have  always  with 
you."  And  Boston,  in  spite  of  the  organized  efforts  of  thoughtful  and  good 
people,  and  the  annual  expenditure  of  large  sums  of  money,  has  its  full 
share  of  unrelieved  suffering  and  want. 

The  Central  Charity  Bureau  and  Temporary  Home,  established  by  the 
city,  aided  by 
$20,000  sub- 
scribed by  citi- 
zens, occupies 
three  substan- 
tial buildings 
of  brick  with 
trim- 


granite 


mings,  on 
Ch  a  r  d  o  n 
Street;  and 
here  are  ad- 
ministered its 
official  out- 
door charities. 
The  Charity 
Building  is  oc- 
cupied by  the 
overseers      of 


Charity   Building  and  Temporary   Home,   Chardon   Street. 


the  poor,  the  city  physician,  and  the  paymaster  of  the  soldiers'  relief;  and 
by  the  following  private  charitable  societies :  the  Boston  Provident  Asso- 


190  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

ciation,  the  Industrial  Aid  Society,  the  Boston  Sewing  Circle,  the  Ladies' 
Relief  Agency,  the  Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  the  German  Emi- 
grant Aid  Society,  the  Boston  Police  Relief  Association,  the  Ladies'  Co- 
operative Visiting  Society,  the  Society  for  the  Registration  of  Charities, 
and  the  Homoeopathic  Dispensary.  Since  the  establishment  of  this  bureau, 
the  charities  of  the  city  have  been  dispensed  more  systematically  than  ever 
before,  and  imposture  in  their  bestowal  has  been  to  a  large  extent  prevented. 
The  Temporary  Home  is  designed  to  provide  for  foundlings,  and  persons 
in  a  destitute  condition.  Only  women  and  children  are  allowed  to  lodge 
there,  but  meals  are  given  out  to  both  sexes  under  the  order  of  the  over- 
seers of  the  poor  or  the  superintendent.  The  able-bodied  persons  who  apply 
for  food  are  required  to  work  before  obtaining  it:  the  men  saw  and  pile 
wood,  and  the  women  do  the  housework.  The  architects  of  the  buildings 
were  Sturgis  &  Brigham. 

The  Directors  for  Public  Institutions,  whose  office  is  at  30  Pemberton 
Square,  have  charge  of  the  city  poor  and  reformatory  institutions,  a  list  of 
which  is  given  in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Public  Buildings."  Among  the 
places  under  their  charge  where  the  official  indoor  charities  are  administered 
are  the  following  :  — 

The  Almshouse  for  Girls,  situated  on  Deer  Island,  where  in  1877  there 
was  an  average  of  65  inmates,  besides  an  average  of  47  inmates  in  the 
nursery  connected  with  the  house ;  the  almshouse  for  male  paupers,  on 
Rainsford  Island,  where  240  persons  were  kept  in  1877,  —  a  larger  number 
than  in  any  previous  year,  and  which  necessitated  the  enlargement  of  the 
buildings;  the  almshouse  situated  in  the  Charlestown  district,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Mystic  River,  near  the  Maiden  Bridge,  where  in  1877  an  average 
of  80  inmates  was  accommodated,  48  persons  provided  with  lodgings,  and 
1,460  persons  furnished  with  meals,  —  the  whole  cost  of  the  meals  being  $75  ; 
the  Home  for  the  Poor,  on  the  Austin  farm  in  the  West-Roxbury  dis- 
trict, which  in  1877  had  an  average  of  104  inmates;  and  the  Marcella-street 
Home  for  pauper  and  neglected  boys,  with  an  average  of  165  inmates. 

Of  the  character  and  extent  of  the  private  charities  and  benevolent  work 
of  the  city,  the  following  concise  sketches  of  a  few  of  the  prominent  organi- 
zations will  give  a  fair  idea ;  and  they  will  be  found,  also,  to  contain  much 
interesting  information. 

The  Registration  of  Charities  was  formed  in  1876,  by  persons  interested 
in  charitable  work,  for  the  registration  of  families  receiving  aid  from  the 
various  charitable  organizations  of  the  city ;  the  object  being  to  secure  an 
interchange  of  information,  to  detect  imposture,  to  discourage  begging,  to 
distinguish  the  worthy  from  the  unworthy,  and  to  promote  economy  and 
efficiency  in  the  distribution  of  relief.     The  officers  of  the  Executive  Com- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  191 

mittee  are:  Martin  Brimmer,  chairman;  Miss  F.  R.  Morse,  secretary ;  and 
the  Rev.  Henry  F.  Jenks,  treasurer.  The  office  is  in  the  Charity  Building. 
Twelve  thousand  names  are  on  the  list  of  persons  receiving  aid  from  the 
organizations  reporting  to  this  bureau. 

The  City  Missionary  Society  is  the  oldest  institution  of  its  kind  in  the 
country,  having  been  organized  in  18 16,  and  incorporated  in  1820.  It  works 
not  only  to  bring  the  non-church-going  classes  under  the  influence  of  religion 
by  personal  visits  of  its  missionaries,  gathering  children  and  others  into 
sabbath  schools,  neighborhood  and  chapel  meetings,  and  the  distribution  of 
religious  reading,  but  seeks  the  physical  welfare  of  the  poor  by  procuring 
employment  for  them,  providing  homes  for  orphan  and  destitute  children, 
and  extending  pecuniary  aid.  It  now  employs  20  male  and  female  mission- 
aries, who  visit  10,000  families  a  year.  The  annual  expenditures  of  the 
society  amount  to  $25,000.  It  is  supported  by  Congregationalists,  but  is 
unsectarian  in  its  operations.  The  headquarters  of  the  society  are  in  the 
Congregational  House,  corner  of  Beacon  and  Somerset  Streets. 

The  Boston  Provident  Association  was  organized  in  1851,  and  incor- 
porated three  years  later,  to  aid  in  suppressing  street-beggary,  and  in 
"elevating  and  improving  the  condition  of  the  poor."  Relief  is  distributed 
systematically  in  all  sections  of  the  city,  through  special  officers  serving 
gratuitously  ;  and  to  many  employment  is  furnished.  About  5,000  families 
are  relieved  by  this  society  yearly.  The  expenses  of  the  society  average 
$20,000  a  year.  It  is  supported  by  yearly  subscriptions,  donations,  and  in- 
come from  legacies.  The  head  office  is  in  the  Charity  Building,  Chardon 
Street. 

The  Roxbury  Charitable  Society  was  formed  as  long  ago  as  1794,  for 
"  the  relief  of  the  poor  and  the  prevention  of  pauperism."  Clothing,  fuel, 
provisions,  and  money  to  a  limited  extent,  are  distributed,  through  an  agent, 
exclusively  to  citizens  of  the  Roxbury  district.  The  society  has  a  large 
fund,  from  legacies,  donations,  and  subscriptions  ;  and  its  disbursements  are 
generous  and  extensive.  The  agent  has  headquarters  in  Cox  Building,  on 
the  corner  of  Dudley  and  Bartlett  Streets. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Poor,  Roxbury  district,  was  established  in  1870, 
and  incorporated  two  years  later,  by  the  "  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,"  a 
Catholic  sisterhood  instituted  some  years  ago  in  France  by  a  poor  priest 
and  two  working-girls  of  St.  Servan.  Their  special  purpose  is  to  support 
old  people  in  various  countries.  The  sisterhood  now  includes  2,000  sisters, 
and  supports  20,000  old  people.  Applicants  are  received  without  regard  to 
their  religious  professions  or  nationality :  they  must  simply  be  of  good 
moral  character,  destitute,  and  60  years  old.  The  charity  is  maintained  by 
daily  collections  of  the  sisters,  and  by  donations.  Among  those  who  have 
aided  it  by  gifts  is  Mrs.  Andrew  Carney,  the  widow  of  the  founder  of  the 


192 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Carney  Hospital.  The  Home  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Dudley  Street,  cor- 
ner of  Woodward  Avenue.  One  building  accommodates  41  aged  women, 
and  another  40  aged  men.  Eleven  sisters  manage  the  institution,  and  the 
sisters  do  the  domestic  work.  None  receive  salaries  or  wages.  When  the 
new  building  is  completed,  next  year,  there  will  be  accommodations  for  200 
old  people. 

The  Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women,  in  the  Charlestown  district, 
was  founded  from  a  bequest,  valued  at  $10,000,  left  by  Mrs.  Nancy  Win- 
chester of  that  district  for  this  purpose,  and  was  opened  in   1866  with  six 


Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women,   Eden  Street,   Charlestown   District. 

inmates:  the  present  number  is  29.  The  building  now  occupied,  No.  10 
Eden  Street,  was  erected  in  1872-3.  The  beneficiaries  must  be  of  American 
birth,  60  years  of  age,  and  must  have  been  residents  of  the  Charlestown 
district  for  ten  years  preceding  application.  They  are  charged  $100  for 
admission  fee,  and  about  $50  for  furniture.  The  expenses  are  met  by  the 
income  of  the  Winchester  property,  entertainments,  donations,  and  sub- 
scriptions. Liverus  Hull  is  president,  Abram  E.  Cutter  secretary,  and  Mrs. 
Louisa  A.  Ramsey  matron. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Colored  Women,  situated  at  27  Myrtle  Street,  was 
founded  in  i860,  and  incorporated  four  years  later.  Among  those  interested 
in  its  establishment  were  the  late  Gov.  John  A.  Andrew  and  James  Free- 
man Clarke.     It  cares  for  from  18  to  20  inmates,  and  renders  outside  assist- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


[93 


MlCHtR'ttUSSEt 


Home  for  Aged  Women,   Revere  Street. 


ance  to  others.  It  is  supported  by  subscriptions  and  donations,  its  ex- 
penses being  from  $3,000  to  $4,000  a  year.  Its  general  work  is  carried  on 
by  the  directors,  most  of  whom  are  ladies. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Women,  at  108  Revere  Street,  was  organized  in 
1849,  and  has  furnished  a  home  to  nearly  300  aged  persons,  of  whom  158 
have  died  while 
in  its  care.  The 
present  number 
of  inmates  is 
about  90.  About 
half  of  that  num- 
ber, being  aged 
and  infirm  per- 
sons who  have 
been  useful  as 
nurses  to  the  sick, 
are  also  aided  at 
their  own  homes 
in  quarterly  in- 
stalments, from  a 
special  fund  be- 
queathed for  this  purpose.  Henry  B.  Rogers  is  president,  Henry  Emmons 
secretary,  and  Miss  L.  D.  Paddock  matron. 

Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors  and  their  families,  and  the  families  of 
those  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  late  war,  and  who  have  died  since  the 
war  of  injuries  received  or  disease  contracted  during  service,  receive  aid 
from  the  city  at  the  Central  Charity  Bureau  on  Chardon  Street.  During 
the  year  1877  the  amount  paid  was  $78,163.  At  the  beginning  of  1878 
there  were  about  1,400  beneficiaries.  The  State  repays  the  city  for 
amounts  paid  out  in  this  aid. 

The  Industrial  Temporary  Home,  No.  17  Davis  Street,  was  chartered 
in  1877,  to  furnish  temporary  lodging  and  food  for  destitute  persons  of  both 
sexes,  who  are  willing  to  work.  Those  parties  who  contribute  certain  sums 
to  this  institution  are  given  tickets  entitling  the  bearer  to  meals  or  lodging, 
on  condition  of  working  a  specified  time  in  payment  of  the  same.  Help 
for  laundry-work,  sewing,  wood-sawing,  and  manual  labor  of  all  kinds,  is 
furnished  by  the  institution,  which  is  supported  by  the  income  derived  in 
that  way,  and  by  contributions.  A.  J.  Gordon  is  the  president,  and  Mrs. 
D.  C.  Maxwell  matron. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Men,  on  Springfield  Street,  which  was  organized 
in  1 861,  is  an  institution  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  provide  a  home  for,  and 
otherwise  assist,  respectable  aged  and  indigent  men.     Since  its  establish- 


194 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


ment,  there  have  been  96  inmates,  and  85  old  men  have  received  aid  at 
their  own  homes.  The  home  was  first  opened  in  1861,  at  No.  17  South 
Street,  and  was  removed  in  1869  to  the  present  building,  which  was  pur- 
chased of  the  city.     The  building  was  erected  in  1855  for  a  lying-in  hospital, 

and  was  occupied 
for  that  purpose 
almost  two  years. 
It  was  subse- 
quently bought 
by  the  Female 
Medical  College, 
but  soon  reverted 
to  the  city,  and 
during  the  war, 
and  for  several 
years  after,  was 
used  as  a  home 
for  discharged 
soldiers.  Only 
natives  of  the 
United  States  are 
admitted  as  bene- 
ficiaries. The 
Home  is  sup- 
ported by  volun- 
tary contributions.  Peter  C.  Brooks  is  president,  David  H.  Coolidge  clerk, 
and  Sarah  W.  Lincoln  superintendent. 

The  Children's  Home,  and  Home  for  Aged  Females,  originated  in 
1856,  and  opened  in  1859,  is  designed  to  provide  for  orphan  or  half-orphan 
children,  and  old  women  of  small  means  having  no  near  kindred.  It  charges 
a  low  rate  of  board,  — for  children  $2.00,  and  women  $4.00  per  week.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Copeland  Street,  in  the  Roxbury  district;  and  the 
number  of  inmates  averages  20.  The  yearly  expenses  are  $4,500,  and  it 
is  supported  by  subscriptions  and  generous  donations.  The  management  is 
not  sectarian. 

The  Temporary  Home  for  the  Destitute  cares  for  young  children,  and 
finds  homes  for  them  where  they  will  be  well  treated,  and  brought  up  in  a 
manner  that  will  make  them  useful  members  of  society.  It  also  relieves 
destitute  children,  infants,  and  women  out  of  employment.  The  work 
began  32  years  ago,  through  the  efforts  of  John  Augustus  and  Eliza 
Garnaut,  the  former  a  poor  shoemaker,  and  the  latter  an  estimable  widow. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1852.     During  the  year  1877  the  Home  received  268 


Home  for  Aged   Men,   Springfield  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


J95 


children,  including  34  infants,  returned  140  of  them  to  their  parents,  placed 
79  for  adoption,  and  provided  homes  for  60  in  families.  The  president  is 
John  Ayres,  and  the  matron  Mrs.  A.  L.  Gwynne,  who  has  served  since  1848. 
The  Home  is  at  No.  1  Pine  Place. 

The  Children's  Mission  to  the  Children  of  the  Destitute  occupies  a 
brick  building  at  No.  277  Tremont  Street,  near  Hollis  Street.  It  was 
instituted  in  1849,  incorporated  in  1864,  and  is  fostered  by  the  Unitarians, 
though  it  is  not  sec- 
tarian in  its  functions 
or  purposes.  Its  ob- 
jects are  thus  stated  : 
"  First,  A  mission  to 
the  poor,  ignorant, 
neglected,  orphan, 
and  destitute  chil- 
dren of  this  city ;  to 
gather  them  into  day 
and  Sunday  schools, 
to  provide  homes 
and  employment  for 
them,  and  to  adopt 
and  pursue  such 
measures  as  will  be 
most  likely  to  save 
or  rescue  them  from  vice,  ignorance,  and  degradation ;  and  to  place  them 
where  they  will  receive  such  an  education  and  be  taught  such  occupations 
as  will  best  fit  them  to  support  themselves,  and  enable  them  to  become 
good  and  useful  members  of  society.  Second,  To  excite  in  the  minds  of  the 
children  of  the  more  favored  portion  of  our  community  a  spirit  of  Christian 
sympathy  and  active  benevolence,  and,  by  interesting  them  in  a  work  which 
appeals  so  strongly  to  their  hearts,  to  stimulate  them  to  acts  of  self-denial 
and  earnest  helpfulness,  and  thus  prevent  the  growth  of  those  seeds  of 
selfishness  which  are  so  often  early  planted  in  the  young  mind."  The 
Mission  has  found  homes  in  New  England  and  the  West  for  about  6,000 
children,  and  has  afforded  temporary  aid  to  many  more.  Henry  P.  Kidder 
is  president,  and  William  Crosby  superintendent.      * 

The  Massachusetts  Infant  Asylum  was  incorporated  in  1867,  to  assist 
and  provide  for  deserted  and  destitute  infants.  Babes  of  nine  months  and 
under  are  received,  and  when  reaching  the  age  of  two  years  are  discharged, 
excepting  in  cases  of  delicate  health  when  discharge  might  endanger  their 
lives.  The  State  pays  the  Asylum  for  the  board  of  State  pauper  infants.  It 
occupies  a  building  of  its  own  in  the  Jamaica-Plain  district,  near  the  Boyl- 


Children's  Mission,  Tremont  Street. 


196  KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON 

ston  station  of  the  Providence  railroad.  The  average  number  of  infants 
provided  for  annually  is  about  130.  Usually  about  25  children  are  cared 
for  in  the  asylum,  and  between  50  and  60  are  boarded  out,  according  to  a  plan 
adopted  about  a  year  ago  to  relieve  the  house  from  the  pressure  of  increas- 
ing admissions.     The  yearly  expenses  are  between  $13,000  and  $14,000. 

The  Infant  School  and  Children's  Home,  incorporated  in  1869,  to  take 
and  care  for  children  until  their  parents  could  provide  for  them,  and  to  find 
permanent  homes  for  children  without  friends  or  worthy  parents,  is  an  out- 
growth from  an  institution  started  in  1833  to  care  for  poor  children  during 
the  absence  of  their  parents  at  daily  work.  The  present  Home  is  at  No.  36 
Austin  Street,  Charlestown  district.  About  30  children  are  cared  for  each 
year;  and  the  annual  expense  of  the  Home  is  about  $1,500,  met  by  private 
subscriptions  and  donations. 

The  Church  Home  for  Orphans  and  Destitute  Children  has  grown,  from 
an  organization  in  1854  to  systematically  provide  clothing  for  poor  children 
to  enable  them  to  attend  Sunday  school,  to  a  thoroughly  equipped  home 
that  is  now  providing  for  100  children.  The  Home  is  situated  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Broadway,  N,  and  Fourth  Streets,  and  is  supported  and  controlled 
by  the  Protestant  Episcopal  churches  of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts, 
though  children  of  all  denominations  are  received.  The  expenses  aver- 
age $10,000  a  year,  and  are  met  by  subscriptions  and  donations. 

St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  for  destitute  girls,  was  established  in 
1 83 1,  and  incorporated  in  1845.  It  is  located  on  Shawmut  Avenue,  corner 
of  Camden  Street.  Children  are  admitted  without  regard  to  creed  or  color, 
and  from  time  to  time  are  given  for  adoption  or  placed  out  at  service.  Thir- 
teen Catholic  sisters  have  charge  of  the  institution,  and  serve  without  pay; 
doing  too,  with  the  children,  the  domestic  work.  The  yearly  expense,  about 
$12,000,  is  met  by  annual  collections  taken  in  all  the  Catholic  churches  in 
the  city  and  vicinity,  donations,  and  fairs  ;  and  each  church  supports  a  cer- 
tain number  of  children.  The  expenses  of  some  children  are  paid  by  rela- 
tives or  friends.     The  Asylum  cares  for  225  children  annually. 

The  Association  for  the  Protection  of  Destitute  Catholic  Children  was 
organized  and  incorporated  in  1864,  and  a  home  established  for  destitute 
orphan  or  neglected  children.  The  present  building,  which  cost  with  the 
land  nearly  $150,000,  is  situated  on  Harrison  Avenue,  opposite  the  Church 
of  the  Immaculate  Conception.  Between  300  and  400  children  are  annually 
received  into  the  institution,  and  are  cared  for  and  instructed  by  the  Sisters 
of  Charity.  On  leaving,  the  children  are  returned  to  their  friends,  places 
are  found  for  them,  or  they  are  provided  with  homes  elsewhere.  The  cor- 
poration is  wholly  Catholic,  though  it  is  understood  that  children  of  all 
denominations  will  be  received.  The  yearly  expenses,  between  $12,000  and 
$14,000,  are  met  by  income  from  invested  funds,  donations,  collections  in 
churches,  etc. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


197 


St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Females  is  a  home  for  domestics  sick  and  out  of 
work,  and  is  managed  by  the  sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis.  It 
is  a  Catholic  institution,  at  Nos.  41,  43,  and  45  Brookline  Street.  It  is 
wholly  a  charitable  institution,  and  with  few  exceptions  no  charges  are  made 
to  the  inmates.     Mother  Mary  Corbett  is  the  Superior. 

The  Baldwin-place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers  is  a  worthy  charitable 
institution  at  the  North 
End.  Its  object  is  to  res- 
cue children  from  want  and 
shame,  provide  them  with 
food  and  clothing,  give  them 
instruction,  and  place  them 
in  proper  homes.  It  is  not 
sectarian,  six  denominations 
being  represented  in  the 
board  of  directors.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1865,  and 
the  Home  was  dedicated 
the  same  year.  The  num- 
ber of  children  received  in 
13  years  has  been  4,509. 
J.  Warren  Merrill  is  presi- 
dent, Pliny  Nickerson  sec- 
retary, Win.  G.  Brooks,  jun., 
treasurer,  and  R.  G.  Toles 
superintendent. 

The  Society  of  Vincent  de  Paul  was  organized  in  1861,  and  incorporated 
in  1869,  for  the  purpose  of  "training  its  members  to  a  life  of  Christian 
charity."  The  poor  are  visited  at  their  homes,  and  relieved ;  a  number  of 
young  children  are  supported  by  the  society  at  the  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum. 
Under  its  supervision  are  14  subordinate  organizations,  or  conferences,  one 
of  which  is  in  Chelsea,  and  one  in  Cambridgeport.  The  members  must  be 
Catholics ;  and  the  funds  are  derived  from  their  voluntary  subscriptions, 
donations,  lectures,  collections  in  churches,  etc.  Its  income  is  large,  and  its 
expenditures  generous.  It  aids  yearly  over  3,000  families,  and  its  agents 
average  20,000  visits.  The  society  is  a  branch  of  the  society  of  the  same 
name  in  Paris,  which  originated  in  1833. 

The  Penitent  Females'  Refuge  and  Bethesda  Society  is  formed  by  the 
practical  union  of  two  organizations,  —  the  "Associated  Brethren,"  an  or- 
ganization of  twelve  gentlemen  who  established  the  Females'  Refuge  in 
1818;  —  and  the  Bethesda  Society,  an  organization  of  ladies,  incorporated 
in  1854.     The  society  maintains  a  home  for  the  reformation  of  abandoned 


Home  for  Little  Wanderers,    Baldwin   Place. 


198 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


women.  It  accommodates  23  inmates,  of  ages  ranging  from  14  to  31  ;  and 
admission  is  conditional  upon  an  expression  of  a  sincere  desire  to  reform, 
and  promise  of  submission  to  the  regulations.  The  home  is  at  No.  32  Rut- 
land Street,  in  a  building  that  cost  $12,000,  the  gift  of  benevolent  citizens, 
on  land  given  by  the  city.  The  institution  is  supported  by  income  from  a 
permanent  fund  of  $10,000,  and  generous  gifts  and  subscriptions. 

The  House  of  the  Angel  Guardian,  a  Catholic  institution,  was  established 
in  185 1,  and  incorporated  in  1853.  Its  chief  object  is  to  care  for  wayward 
boys,  orphans,  and   destitute    children.     Its  graded   school   system  draws 


House  of  the  Angel   Guardian,  Vernon  Street. 


many  boarders  who  avail  themselves  of  the  instruction  given  in  the  English, 
commercial,  and  mathematical  departments.  It  is  endowed,  and  owns 
property  valued  at  more  than  $87,000,  and  receives  donations.  Its  annual 
expenses  are  about  $20,000,  and  the  number  of  inmates  average  about 
200.  The  house  was  established  and  planned  by  the  Rev.  George  F. 
Haskins,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College,  who  devoted  to  it  his  services 
as  rector  and  treasurer  till  his  death,  in  1872.  He  contributed  $20,000. 
It  is  now  conducted  by  the  Brothers  of  Charity,  of  which  F.  Justinian  is 
superior,  and  for  order,  neatness,  and  comfort  is  not  excelled  by  any  insti- 
tution in  the  State.  It  is  beautifully  situated  at  8$  Vernon  Street,  Roxbury 
district. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  199 

The  New-England  Moral  Reform  Society  is  an  organization  for  a  pur- 
pose similar  to  that  of  the  Penitent  Females'  Refuge  Society.  It  undertakes 
to  reform  dissolute  women,  and  aid  them  to  suitable  employment;  and  it  also 
aids  the  friendless  who  have  fallen.  It  cares  for  30  or  40  women  yearly,  and 
its  annual  expense  averages  $4,000.  It  is  located  at  No.  6  Oak  Place.  One 
of  its  founders,  Catherine  Kilton,  was  for  30  years  its  president.  The  soci- 
ety publishes  a  monthly  magazine,  "The  Home  Guardian,"  from  which  it 
receives  some  income.  It  is  further  supported  by  subscriptions,  the  pro- 
ceeds of  certain  investments,  and  gifts  and  legacies.  The  society  was  organ- 
ized in  1836,  and  incorporated  in  1846. 

The  Industrial  School  for  Girls  was  incorporated  in  1855,  "for  the  pur- 
pose of  training  to  good  conduct,  and  instructing  in  household  labor,  desti- 
tute or  neglected  girls."  It  is  located  on  Centre  Street,  Dorchester  district, 
and  has  accommodations  for  about  30  girls.  The  age  of  admission  is  from 
6  to  10,  and  places  are  found  for  the  girls  when  they  leave  the  school,  gener- 
ally at  18  years  of  age.  Such  girls  as  have  relatives  or  friends  able  to  do 
so,  pay  a  moderate  sum  for  board,  but  the  most  of  them  are  cared  for  gratui- 
tously. The  annual  cost  of  the  school  is  about  $5,000.  It  is  sustained  by 
yearly  subscriptions,  and  income  from  investments. 

The  Scots'  Charitable  Society  was  incorporated  in  1786;  but  it  was  in 
existence  long  before  that  time,  having  been  founded  in  1657.  It  is  believed 
to  be  the  oldest  private  charitable  society  in  the  city.  Its  object  is  to  furnish 
relief  to,  and  aid  in  various  ways,  unfortunate  Scottish  immigrants,  their 
families  and  descendants.  In  1869  St.  Andrew's  Home  was  established  by 
the  society  at  No.  73  West  Concord  Street,  where  unfortunate  Scotch  are 
received  and  cared  for  until  employment  is  found;  and  in  1872  the  Scots' 
Temporary  Home  was  established  at  No.  77  Camden  Street,  for  a  similar 
purpose.  The  society  also  own  a  lot  at  Mount  Auburn,  where  friendless 
Scots  receive  burial.  The  income  of  the  society  is  derived  from  a  perma- 
nent fund,  initiation  fees,  yearly  assessments  of  members,  and  donations. 
The  membership  is  now  265.  Active  members  must  be  natives  of  Scotland 
or  immediate  descendants ;  but  honorary  members  may  be  of  different  na- 
tionalities. From  200  to  300  annually  receive  the  benefits  of  the  society. 
Among  the  working  officers  is  a  committee  of  charity. 

The  Charitable  Irish  Society  is  another  organization  of  long  standing. 
It  was  organized  in  1737,  and  incorporated  in  1809;  and  for  nearly  a  century 
it  was  the  only  Irish  charitable  society  in  New  England.  Its  original  pur- 
pose was  to  furnish  temporary  loans  to  needy  members,  and  to  relieve 
friendless  Irish  immigrants;  but  of  later  years  it  has  made  annual  donations 
of  from  $300  to  $500  to  some  deserving  charity,  few  members  calling  for 
aid.  The  years  immediately  following  the  Revolutionary  War,  it  extended 
timely  relief  to  those  of  its  members  who  were  disabled,  in  one  way  and 


200  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

another,  by  the  war.  Its  meetings  are  held  at  the  Parker  House,  but  it  has 
no  established  headquarters. 

The  German  Emigrant  Aid  Society  extends  a  helping  hand  to  German 
immigrants,  principally  in  aiding  them  to  employment,  and  providing  tempo- 
rary support ;  it  also  aids  poor  German  residents,  particularly  widows  and 
orphans,  or  the  sick.  The  society  employs  an  agent  to  look  after  immigrants 
arriving  at  the  port  of  Boston.  It  aids  about  800  persons  yearly.  Its  in- 
come is  derived  from  the  invested  funds,  dues  from  members  (who  number 
220),  and  from  donations.  The  society  has  an  office  in  the  Charity  Building, 
Chardon  Street. 

The  New-England  Scandinavian  Benevolent  Society  was  organized  in 
1853,  and  incorporated  two  years  later,  its  main  object  being  mutual  relief: 
of  late  years  its  aid  has  been  given,  to  a  considerable  extent,  to  persons  not 
members.  It  distributes  about  $1,000  a  year  to  the  poor.  The  membership 
is  164.     The  office  of  the  society  is  at  No.  48  Hanover  Street. 

The  Massachusetts  Society  for  Aiding  Discharged  Convicts  is  a  prac- 
tical organization,  which  offers  a  helping  hand,  when  it  is  most  needed,  to 
those  who  face  the  world  again  after  a  term  in  prison.  It  aids  the  convict 
just  after  his  discharge,  with  temporary  board,  clothing,  conveyance  to 
friends,  tools  to  work  with,  and  helps  him  to  find  employment.  The  society 
was  organized  in  1846,  and  was  incorporated  under  its  present  name  in  1867. 
Among  its  founders  were  Charles  Sumner,  S.  G.  Howe,  Walter  Channing, 
and  Edward  E.  Hale.  The  average  number  of  convicts  helped  each  year 
is  150.  The  funds  are  provided  by  yearly  subscriptions,  gifts,  and  legacies. 
It  expends  from  $1,500  to  $2,000  yearly. 

The  Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  organized  in  1S27,  but  not  in- 
corporated until  1852,  is  "to  assist  those  who  have  seen  better  days,"  espe- 
cially respectable  persons  who  are  unwilling  to  make  their  needs  publicly 
known.  It  has  a  standing  committee  resident  in  different  sections  of  the 
city,  and  applications  are  received  by  them.  Its  expenditures  are  mostly  in 
supplies  and  the  payment  of  rents.  It  obtains  funds  partly  from  annual 
assessments  on  its  members,  but  chiefly  from  donations.  An  average  of 
1,000  cases  of  destitution  are  relieved  yearly.  The  president  is  Thomas  C. 
Amory,  and  the  secretary  J.  Russell  Reed.  Its  meetings  are  held  in  the 
Charity  Building. 

The  Needlewoman's  Friend  Society  was  organized  in  1847,  and  incor- 
porated in  1 85 1,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  employment  for  indigent 
females.  Materials  for  garments  are  supplied  by  the  funds  of  the  society, 
the  cutting  is  done  by  the  managers,  the  sewing  is  given  out  to  poor  women 
at  remunerative  prices,  and  the  garments  thus  made  are  offered  for  sale  at 
low  prices,  at  the  rooms  of  the  society,  No.  86  Chauncy  Street.  The  society 
also  finds  permanent  employment  for  poor  seamstresses  in  the  finer  sort  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


201 


needlework.      Its  funds  are  raised  by  subscriptions  and  donations,  and  it 
has  received  several  legacies. 

The  Boston  Sewing  Circle  does  a  work  similar  to  that  of  the  Needle- 
woman's Friend  Society.  Money  for  materials,  about  $4,000  a  year,  is 
raised  by  annual  subscription.  Garments  are  cut  by  the  ladies  of  different 
churches  each  week  through  the  winter ;  and  the  work  is  done  by  the 
poor  under  charge  of  the  several  ladies,  who  pay  for  it,  and  distribute  the 
garments,  when  done,  to  the  poor  about  them.  Each  winter  it  benefits 
3,000  or  more  poor  women.  The  society  was  formed  in  1862,  to  work  for 
the  soldiers  ;  and  for  a  while  after  the  war  the  garments  made  for  it  were 
distributed  to  the  white  school-children  of  the  South.  Its  headquarters  are 
in  the  Charity  Building.  The  whole  board  of  managers,  of  which  Miss  I.  E. 
Loring  is  president,  is  composed  of  ladies. 

The  Boston  Port  and  Seamen's  Aid  Society  was  incorporated  in  1867 
by  the  union  of  the  Port  Society 
and  the  Seamen's  Aid  Society. 
Its  aim  is  to  "improve  the  moral, 
religious,  and  general  condition 
of  seamen  and  their  families  in 
Boston  and  its  vicinity ;  to  relieve 
sick  and  disabled  seamen  and 
their  families  ;  to  afford  aid  and 
encouragement  to  poor  and  in- 
dustrious seamen  ;  and  to  pro- 
mote the  education  of  seamen's 
children."  The  Mariners'  House, 
built  by  the  Port  Society  in  1847, 
is  a  brick  building,  four  stories 
high,  on  North  Square,  and  is 
under  charge  of  an  experienced 
mariner.  It  accommodates  from 
80  to  100  persons,  and  has  a 
chapel,  reading-room,  and  library. 
C.  L.  Eastman  is  the  pastor,  and 
David  H.  Baker  the  superintend- 
ent. R.  C.  Waterston  is  presi- 
dent of  the  society.  Mr.  Eastman 
says,  "  Bad  whiskey  and  bad  wo- 
men are  the  curse  of  the  mariner." 
There  were  615  boarders  in  1877. 


Seamen's  Bethel,  North  Square, 


The  Bethel  Chapel,  a  modest  structure  opposite  the  Mariners'  House,  seats 
a  congregation  of  several  hundred.  It  was  here  that  the  famous  ex-mariner, 
Edward  T.  Taylor,  better  known  as  "Father  Taylor"  preached. 


202  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Seaman's  Friend  Society  is  a  branch  of  the  American  Sea- 
man's Friend  Society,  and  has  for  its  object  the  furnishing  of  regular  evan- 
gelical ministrations  for  seamen,  and  the  employment  of  other  means  for 
their  spiritual  and  temporal  welfare.  It  supports  the  Salem  and  Mariners' 
Church,  and  Sailors'  Home,  corner  of  Salem  and  North  Bennett  Streets. 
Joseph  C.  Tyler  is  president,  B.  F.  Jacobs  superintendent  of  the  home,  and 
S.  H.  Hayes  pastor.  This  work  is  principally  supported  by  contributions 
from  the  Orthodox  Congregational  churches  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd  is  a  branch  of  the  New-York  society 
of  the  same  name.  It  was  established  in  1867,  and  owes  its  foundation 
largely  to  Bishop  Williams  of  Boston,  who  provided  its  first  site,  a  dwelling- 
house  on  Allen  Street,  and  supplied  its  early  needs.  Its  object  is  "  to  pro- 
vide a  refuge  for  the  reformation  of  fallen  women  and  girls ; "  and  it  also 
maintains  a  "  Class  of  Preservation,"  made  up  of  wayward  and  insub- 
ordinate girls,  whose  habits  endanger  their  virtue.  The  present  house  is 
located  on  Tremont  Street,  Roxbury  district,  in  a  building  erected  for  it. 
It  has  provision  for  150  inmates,  and  is  crowded.  It  is  managed  by  the 
Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  a  Catholic  society  originating  in  France  in 
1646;  but  girls  and  women  of  all  denominations  are  admitted.  A  grant 
of  $10,000  was  made  by  the  State  in  1870,  to  aid  in  building  the  present 
edifice. 

Boffin's  Bower  is  one  of  the  most  original  and  useful  charities  in  the 
city.  Jennie  Collins  is  the  presiding  genius  of  this  excellent  establish- 
ment at  No.  1,031  Washington  Street,  where,  since  1874,  many  poor  work- 
ing-women have  been  fed,  clothed,  and  sheltered  until  they  were  able  to 
obtain  an  honest  livelihood.  From  May  30,  1877,  to  May  30,  1878,  1,334 
women  and  girls  applied  for  employment;  and  in  the  same  period  of  time 
1,047  applicants  for  the  services  of  women  made  known  their  wants.  The 
charity  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions,  and  has  done  good  practical 
work,  providing  temporarily  for  unemployed  work-women  who  would,  without 
aid,  frequently  suffer  from  hunger  or  illness ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that 
many  poor  girls  have  been  saved  from  a  life  of  shame  by  its  ministrations. 

The  Children's  Friend  Society  provides  for  the  support  of  indigent 
children,  who  are  either  fully  surrendered  to  it,  or  received  as  boarders. 
Those  surrendered  are  indentured  at  14  years  of  age,  and  remain  under 
guardianship  until  18.  The  society's  home,  at  No.  48  Rutland  Street,  pro- 
vides for  70  children.  The  society  has  been  in  operation  since  1833,  and  ori- 
ginated in  the  personal  labors  of  a  Mrs. Burns,  a  lady  of  moderate 

means,  resident  at  the  North  End,  who  received  into  her  own  house  a  num- 
ber of  poor  children,  and  cared  for  them. 

The  Boston  Female  Asylum,  at  No.  750  Washington  Street,  was  founded 
in  1800.     Its  name  is  somewhat  misleading,  for  it  is  simply  a  home  for  female 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  203 

orphans  and  half-orphans.  Full  surrender  of  the  children  is  required  on 
their  admission,  and  they  remain  until  18  years  of  age.  Between  70  and  80 
children  are  provided  for  in  the  asylum. 

The  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals, 
with  office  at  96  Tremont  Street,  was  organized  in  1868,  and  has  investigated 
18,389  cases,  and  convicted  1,564  persons.  The  Society  has  issued  more 
than  a  million  copies  of  its  monthly  paper,  "  Our  Dumb  Animals,"  and  about 
250,000  of  its  other  publications.  It  has  also  offered  prizes  to  Massachusetts 
school-children  for  the  best  compositions  on  "  Kindness  to  Animals,"  and  has 
given  rewards  for  essays,  inventions,  and  improvements  for  the  benefit  of 
dumb  creatures.  A  prize  of  $500  was  offered  the  person  who  before  July 
1878  should  do  the  most  to  lessen  the  suffering  caused  animals  in  transporta- 
tion by  rail.  It  has  at  present  three  prosecuting  officers  in  Boston,  con- 
stantly employed,  and  about  450  prosecuting  agents  in  the  other  cities  and 
towns  of  the  State.  The  amount  paid  into  this  society  since  its  organization 
is  about  #150,000.  The  president  is  George  T.  Angell,  and  the  secretary  is 
Abraham  Firth. 

The  Co-operative  Society  of  Visitors  among  the  Poor,  organized  in 
1874,  and  incorporated  in  1877,  consists  of  a  body  of  visitors  who  make 
weekly  personal  visits  among  the  poor.  No  visitor  takes  more  than  four 
cases,  in  hope  of  finding  work,  or  what  may  be  called  legitimate  relief,  for 
that  number  of  persons.  The  society  has  also  established  work-rooms  in 
the  Charity  Building,  where  poor  women  who  really  want  work  can  get  it. 
The  president  is  Mrs.  James  Lodge,  and  the  secretary  is  Mrs.  B.  S.  Calef. 

The  Industrial  Aid  Society  was  incorporated  in  the  year  1835,  under  the 
name  of  the  Boston  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Pauperism,  to  which,  in 
1866,  was  prefixed  "The  Industrial  Aid  Society."  This  society  was  founded 
upon  the  idea  that  employment  was  the  best  form  of  charity,  and  that  there 
was  but  little  opportunity  for  deception  under  this  rule.  Its  principles  of 
action  have  been  adopted  by  other  organizations,  and  by  the  city  in  some 
measure.  It  finds  employment  for  people,  transfers  laborers  to  other  places, 
and  returns  many  to  their  homes.  Its  office  is  in  the  Charity  Building, 
Chardon  Street. 

The  Ladies'  Relief  Agency  is  another  of  the  organizations  in  the 
Charity  Building,  and  distributes  money  and  clothing  to  persons  found,  by 
personal  investigation,  to  be  worthy  of  support.  The  president  is  Mrs. 
H.  G.  Shaw,  and  the  secretary  Miss  C.  Harmon. 

The  Boston  Police  Relief  Association,  organized  in  1871,  and  incor- 
porated in  1876,  has  its  office  in  the  Charity  Building.  Jan.  1,  1878,  it  had 
432  members.  In  1877  it  paid  $3,284  to  136  members  for  "sick  benefits," 
$2,500  to  families  on  the  death  of  five  members,  and  $500  to  five  members 
on  the  death  of  their  wives.     The  president  is  Henry  O.  Goodwin. 


204  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

The  Boston  North-End  Mission,  organized  in  1865  by  J.  H.  Crowell, 
the  present  missionary,  and  incorporated  in  1870,  is  situated  at  No.  201 
North  Street;  and  its  operations  are  chiefly  among  women  and  children  in 
the  worst  part  of  the  city.  It  has  a  reading-room,  and  a  restaurant,  where 
good  food  can  be  had  at  cost  by  those  who  can  pay,  and  free  by  those  who 
cannot;  operates  industrial  schools  for  girls  and  adults,  and  on  Sundays  and 
almost  every  evening  has  religious  services  in  its  chapel.  Besides  the  mis- 
sion at  the  North  End,  it  maintains  an  industrial  home  at  Mount  Hope,  six 
miles  from  the  city.  Its  funds  are  derived  chiefly  from  small  contributions 
and  subscriptions. 

The  Associated  Charities  of  Boston  is  now  in  process  of  organization. 
The  objects  of  the  society  are  :  1.  To  provide  that  the  case  of  every  ap- 
plicant for  relief  shall  be  thoroughly  investigated.  2.  To  place  the  results 
of  such  investigation  at  the  disposal  of  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor,  of 
charitable  societies  and  agencies,  and  of  private  persons  of  benevolence. 
3.  To  obtain  help  for  every  deserving  applicant,  as  far  as  possible,  from  the 
public  authorities,  from  the  proper  charitable  societies,  or  from  benevolent 
individuals  ;  or,  failing  in  this,  to  furnish  such  help  from  funds  intrusted  to 
it.  4.  To  procure  the  harmonious  co-operation  with  the  public  authorities, 
with  each  other,  and  with  this  society,  of  churches  and  charitable  agencies 
and  individuals.  5.  To  exert  all  its  influence  for  the  prevention  of  begging, 
the  diminution  of  pauperism,  and  the  encouragement  of  habits  of  thrift  and 
self-dependence  among  the  poor. 

The  religious  associations  of  all  denominations  take  care  of  a  portion  of 
their  own  poor;  and  there  are  many  social,  literary,  and  other  organizations, 
that  aid  at  times  their  unfortunate  members  :  nevertheless,  without  referring 
to  those,  this  chapter  could  be  continued  much  further  by  the  enumeration  of 
many  other  institutions  similar  to  those  above  mentioned.  But  surely  enough 
has  been  said  to  show  that  the  hearts  of  the  Boston  people  are  large,  and 
that  the  fallen  and  unsuccessful  are  taken  care  of,  as  far  as  it  seems  possible, 
in  a  manner  fully  consistent  with  the  high  culture  and  broad  humanity  of  the 
citizens.  Not  only  the  afflicted  within  the  boundaries  of  the  city  are  aided, 
but  to  every  appeal  that  comes  from  any  part  of  the  world  there  goes  forth 
a  substantial  response  from  the  Boston  people.  The  enumeration  of  the  aid 
sent  to  other  places  would  require  more  space  than  can  be  given  here. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  205 


&Jje  pulse  of  tlje  ffittju 

THE   SANITARY    CONDITION    OF    BOSTON,  —  HOSPITALS,    DIS- 
PENSARIES, AND  ASYLUMS. 

THE  sanitary  condition  of  Boston  will  bear  favorable  comparison  with 
that  of  other  cities.  The  annual  death-rate,  20.23  m  Looo  in  1877,  is 
slightly  larger  than  that  of  London,  but  considerably  smaller  than  the 
average  in  the  other  European  cities.  It  also  compares  favorably  with 
American  cities,  although  those  of  St.  Louis  and  some  other  Western  cities 
show  a  lower  rate.  The  statistics  of  Western  cities  are,  however,  more 
likely  to  err  in  accuracy;  and,  besides,  the  mortality  is  always  less  in  young 
and  vigorous  communities,  though  their  sanitary  conditions  may  be  far  more 
unfavorable.  The  sanitary  affairs  of  Boston  are  under  the  control  of  its 
Board  of  Health  established  in  1872,  under  the  pressure  of  a  peremptory 
popular  demand  caused  by  the  presence  of  a  terrible  small-pox  scourge  in 
the  city.  The  Board  has,  in  many  respects,  arbitrary  powers  in  regard  to 
the  public  health,  and  can  take  almost  any  measure  that  may  be  deemed 
expedient,  in  a  case  of  emergency.  The  principal  drawback  to  a  satisfactory 
sanitary  condition  is  the  defective  drainage  of  the  city;  but  this  will  be  over- 
come by  the  great  system  of  sewers,  now  constructing,  and  referred  to  in  the 
chapter  on  "  The  Arteries  of  the  City."  The  streets  are  kept  remarkably 
clean,  being  regularly  swept  nine  months  of  the  year.  The  principal  streets, 
about  184^  miles,  are  swept  daily,  and  others  twice  a  week. 

The  hospitals  and  dispensaries  of  Boston  are  many:  but  their  work 
is  done  so  quietly  and  so  unostentatiously  that  few,  even  of  those  long 
resident  in  the  city,  are  aware  of  their  magnitude,  or  comprehend  the  extent, 
variety,  and  thoroughness  of  their  operations.     At  their  head  stands  — 

The  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  a  noble  institution,  one  of  the 
most  complete  and  perfectly  organized  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  It  is 
also  the  oldest,  save  one,  —  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  It  was  incorporated 
in  181 1,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  1821.  It  was  conceived 
by  a  number  of  the  public-spirited  and  generous  citizens  of  that  day  ;  and 
its  plan  was  drawn  on  a  most  liberal  and  extensive  scale,  showing  them  to 
be  broad-minded  and  far-sighted  men.  A  bequest  of  $5,000  at  the  close  of 
the  last  century,  in  1799,  was  the  practical  beginning  of  the  enterprise:  but 
it  was  not  until  181 1  that  the  work  was  undertaken  systematically  and  vigor- 
ously.    In  that  year  56  gentlemen  were  incorporated  under  the  name  of  The' 


206 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Massachusetts  General  Hospital ;  and  the  charter  granted  a  fee-simple  in 
the  estate  of  the  old  Province  House,  on  condition  that  $100,000  be  raised  by 
subscription  within  ten  years,  which  was  promptly  met.  The  Massachusetts 
Hospital  Life-Insurance  Company  was  required  by  its  charter,  in  1818,  to 
pay  one-third  of  its  net  profits  to  the  hospital.  So  also  were  the  New- 
England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company,  incorporated  in  1835;  and  the 
State  Mutual  Life-Assurance  Company  at  Worcester,  in  1844.  Several  other 
gifts  were  made  it  by  private  citizens,  and  the  funds  accumulated  with  grati- 
fying rapidity.  Among  the  most  generous  bequests  were  those  of  John 
McLean,  —  one  of  $100,000,  and  another  of  $50,000  ;  this  latter  to  be  divided 
between  the    hospital   and  Harvard    University.      For   him    is    named  the 


The  Massachusetts  General   Hospital,   Blossom  Street. 


McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  in  Somerville,  which  is  a  branch  of  the 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  established  by  its  trustees  in  1816.  His 
name  was  also  given  to  the  street  at  the  foot  of  which  the  hospital  stands. 
Prominent  among  the  founders  of  the  hospital  was  John  Lowell,  one  of  the 
esteemed  Lowell  family,  several  of  whose  members  have  done  so  much  for 
Boston,  and  have  been  so  prominent  among  its  citizens.  His  father  was 
Judge  Lowell,  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  State  Consti- 
tution, and  who  caused  to  be  inserted  in  the  "  Bill  of  Rights  "  the  clause 
declaring  that  "all  men  are  born  free  and  equal."  For  one  of  his  brothers 
the  city  of  Lowell  was  named  ;  and  another  was  the  Rev.  Charles  Lowell  of 
the  West  Church,  father  of  James  Russell  Lowell,  the  poet  of  to-day,  now 
minister  to   Spain.     John    Lowell   acquired   fame   in   his  day  as  a  political 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  207 

writer,  and  during  the  war  of  18 12  wrote  trenchant  articles  under  the  nom 
de  plume  of  "  The  Boston  Rebel,"  which  were  especially  notable  for  the 
vigorous  and  bold  fashion  in  which  they  attacked  the  national  administra- 
tion. Besides  being  active  in  the  movement  to  establish  the  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital,  John  Lowell  was  also  a  founder  of  the  Athenaeum,  and 
the  Hospital  Life-Insurance  Company. 

The  hospital  stands  at  the  west  end  of  McLean  Street,  on  what  was 
formerly  Prince's  pasture.  The  main  building,  first  built,  is  of  Chelmsford 
granite,  hammered  out  and  fitted  for  use  by  the  convicts  of  the  State 
Prison.  When  completed,  it  was  pronounced  the  finest  building  in  New 
England.  Charles  Bulfinch  was  the  architect.  In  1846  it  was  enlarged  by 
the  addition  of  two  extensive  wings.  Other  additions  and  improvements 
have  from  time  to  time  been  made;  the  most  recent  in  1873-75,  when  four 
new  pavilion  wards  were  constructed,  called  respectively  the  Jackson,  War- 
ren, Bigelow,  and  Townsend  wards,  in  recognition  of  the  valuable  services 
of  Drs.  James  Jackson,  J.  C.  Warren,  Jacob  Bigelow,  and  S.  D.  Townsend. 
The  hospital  admits,  under  light  conditions,  patients  suffering  from  disease 
or  injuries,  from  any  part  of  the  United  States  or  British  Provinces;  and 
provision  is  made  for  free  treatment,  or  treatment  at  the  cost  to  the  patient 
of  the  expense  involved.  No  infectious  diseases  are  admitted,  and  chronic 
or  incurable  cases  are  generally  refused.  On  proper  call  the  hospital  ambu- 
lance, with  medical  officer,  is  despatched  at  any  hour  to  points  within  the 
city  proper,  north  of  Dover  and  Berkeley  Streets  ;  and  the  hospital  is  always 
ready  for  any  emergency,  however  sudden  or  extensive  the  demand  on  its 
resources  may  be.  The  hospital,  ever  since  its  establishment,  has  been 
steadily  and  greatly  aided  by  gifts  and  bequests.  The  donations  and  lega- 
cies of  the  last  year  (1877)  alone  amounted  to  $275,726.  The  whole  number 
of  patients  treated  in  the  hospital  in  1877  was  1,657,  of  whom  1,515  were 
adults,  and  142  children.  The  whole  number  of  out-patients  applying  for 
treatment,  during  the  same  period,  was  18,004.  From  1821  to  the  close  of 
1877  the  number  of  patients  in  the  hospital  has  been  48,690;  of  these, 
15,620  were  discharged  well,  12,506  much  relieved,  or  relieved  in  part,  and 
4,311  died.  The  whole  number  of  out-patients  treated  during  the  same 
period  was  177,548.  About  80  per  cent  of  the  number  treated  in  the 
hospital  during  1877  were  occupants  of  free  beds.  The  total  free-bed  sub- 
scriptions for  the  year  were  1 5,450 :  and  the  free-bed  fund,  the  income  of 
which  must  be  devoted  to  free  beds,  amounted  to  $406,660.  Of  the  free 
patients  during  the  year,  22  per  cent  were  female  domestics,  25  per  cent 
laborers,  10  per  cent  mechanics,  and  9  fa  per  cent  minors.  The  expense  of 
the  hospital  department  in  1877  was  $83,790;  and  the  receipts  from  paying 
patients  $10,833.  A  training-school  for  nurses  is  also  attached  to  this  hos- 
pital.    James  H.  Whittemore  is  the  resident  physician. 


208  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Boston  City  Hospital  was  established  in  1864,  after  many  years  of 
agitation,  which  began  in  1849,  before  the  cholera,  then  epidemic  in  Boston, 
had  disappeared.  The  necessary  authority  was  given  the  city  by  the  Legis- 
lature in  1858;  two  years  later  the  land  was  appropriated;  in  1861  the  work 
of  building  was  begun;  and  May  24  1864,  the  buildings  were  dedicated, 
and  a  month  later  were  formally  opened  for  patients.  The  buildings  front 
on  Harrison  Avenue,  and  occupy  the  square,  containing  nearly  seven  acres, 
bounded  by  the  Harrison  Avenue,  Concord,  Albany,  and  Springfield  Streets. 
The  hospital  buildings  present  a  beautiful  and  unique  appearance.  When 
substantially  completed  and  occupied  in  1864,  the  hospital  consisted  of  a 
central  or  administration  building,  two  three-story  medical  and  surgical 
pavilions,  and  the  necessary  auxiliary  buildings,  including  boiler-house  and 
laundry.  To  these  were  added,  in  1865,  a  two-story  building  for  isolating 
wards  ;  a  small  building,  at  the  main  entrance  to  the  grounds,  containing 
rooms  for  out-patients  ;  and  an  addition  for  dead-house,  morgue,  and  autopsy- 
room.  In  1874  a  medical  building,  a  surgical  building,  each  three  stories 
high  with  basements,  two  one-story  surgical  and  medical  pavilions,  and  a  low 
building  for  kitchen,  bakery,  and  other  purposes,  were  erected.  The  total 
cost  of  the  buildings  alone  was  #610,000.  The  hospital  has  at  present  375 
beds  ;  and,  when  the  plan  is  fully  carried  out,  it  will  have  525  beds. 

Residents  of  the  city  suffering  from  sickness,  unable  to  pay  for  treat- 
ment, are  treated  gratuitously.  Persons  accidentally  injured  are  received  at 
all  hours,  and  the  ambulances  are  ready  for  service  on  call.  Out-patients 
are  also  treated  by  physicians  and  surgeons  connected  with  the  hospital. 
Once  a  week  operations  are  performed  in  the  amphitheatre  of  the  hospital 
before  physicians  and  surgeons.  A  training-school  for  nurses  is  also  con- 
nected with  the  hospital.  Since  the  opening  of  the  City  Hospital,  49,184 
persons  have  been  examined  for  admission,  and  35,631  of  them  were  admit- 
ted:  7,209  persons  accidentally  injured,  and  103,341  out-patients,  have  been 
treated.  During  the  past  year  there  were  treated  4,334  persons  in  the  hos- 
pital, and  9,658  out-patients,  who  made  30,135  visits.  The  chief  individual 
benefactor  of  the  hospital  was  Elisha  Goodnow,  who  gave  property  valued 
at  #21,000.     The  resident  superintendent  is  Dr.  Edward  Cowles. 

The  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  incorporated  in  1855, 
but  was  not  established  and  opened  for  patients  till  187 1.  The  first  five 
years  it  occupied  a  house  in  Burroughs  Place.  Its  friends  having  raised,  by 
means  of  a  grand  fair,  the  sum  of  $76,000,  land  was  purchased  of  the  city, 
and  the  present  beautiful  structure  was  erected  on  East  Concord  Street. 
This  building  was  opened  to  patients  in  May,  1876;  and  in  thorough  ventila- 
tion, delightful  temperature  summer  and  winter,  bright  and  sunny  wards  and 
private  rooms,  together  with  all  necessary  conveniences  and  comforts,  it  has 
proved  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  hospitals  ever  built.     It  has  received 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  209 

and  provided  for  upwards  of  1,000  patients,  with  a  mortality  of  less  than 
two  per  cent.  The  patients  are  provided  with  the  best  food  and  care;  and 
yet  its  affairs  have  been  managed  with  such  economy  that  the  cost  has  been 
much  less  than  in  similar  hospitals.  Severe  and  often  hopeless  cases  have 
resorted  here  for  treatment  with  great  benefit. 

The  Carney  Hospital,  founded  by  the  gift  of  $13,500  from  Andrew  Car- 
ney, was  incorporated  in  1865,  and  occupies  a  sightly  position  on  Old  Harbor 
Street,  South  Boston.  Its  situation,  in  the  judgment  of  experienced  phy- 
sicians, is  the  very  best  in  New  England.  Standing  on  Dorchester  Heights, 
near  the  intrenchments  erected  by  Washington,  it  commands  an  extensive 
view  over  the  city  on  one  side,  and  Massachusetts  Bay  on  the  other.  In 
summer  the  hospital  is  cooled  by  the  sea-breezes  ;  and  the  convalescents 
enjoy  a  beautiful  prospect  from  their  beds,  watching  meanwhile  the  vessels 
passing  in  and  out  of  the  harbor.  The  hospital  was  established  to  afford 
relief  to  the  sick  poor;  and,  though  it  is  in  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity, 
it  receives  patients  of  all  religious  denominations.  Chronic,  acute,  and  other 
cases  are  received,  contagious  diseases  alone  excepted.  Pay-patients  are 
also  treated  in  the  wards  or  in  private  rooms.  The  sister  who  is  at  the  head 
of  the  institution  is  a  very  quiet,  but  most  active,  energetic,  and  skilful 
manager.  The  present  commodious  brick  building  was  erected  in  1868. 
The  yearly  expenditure  of  the  hospital  amounts  to  about  $25,000 ;  and  the 
income  from  paying  patients  about  $8,000.  Within  a  year,  there  have  been 
fitted  up,  in  one  of  the  wings  of  the  hospital,  very  spacious  and  convenient 
accommodations  for  the  treatment  of  out-patients  suffering  from  diseases  of 
the  eye.  The  rapid  growth  of  this  clinic  has  shown  that  it  supplies  a  want 
long  felt  in  that  section  of  the  city. 

The  New-England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  incorporated  in 
1863,  is  located  on  Codman  Avenue,  Roxbury  district.  Its  land  and  build- 
ings cost  $100,000.  Its  objects  are  "to  provide  for  women  medical  aid  of 
competent  physicians  of  their  own  sex,  to  assist  educated  women  in  the 
practical  study  of  medicine,  and  to  train  nurses  for  the  care  of  the  sick." 
The  institution  is  an  outgrowth  of  a  clinical  department  of  the  Female 
Medical  College  of  Boston,  at  the  immediate  suggestion  of  Dr.  Marie  E. 
Zakrzewska.  The  hospital  has  a  number  of  free  beds,  but  most  patients 
pay  for  treatment.  It  has  medical,  surgical,  and  maternity  wards :  and  a 
dispensary  situated  at  33  Warrington  Street,  in  the  city  proper.  More  than 
200  patients  are  annually  treated  in  the  hospital,  and  from  3,000  to  4,000  in 
the  dispensary. 

The  Free  Hospital  for  Women,  at  60  East  Springfield  Street,  estab- 
lished in  1875,  for  poor  and  worthy  women  who  suffer  from  diseases 
peculiar  to  their  sex,  is  supported  by  contributions  from  individuals  and 
religious    societies.     Any  individual    or   society  supporting  a  bed  has   the 


2IO 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


right  to  fill  it  with  any  suffering  and  needy  woman,  provided  the  medical 
staff  pronounce  her  case  a  proper  one  for  treatment  here.  The  hospital 
contains  15  beds. 

St.  Luke's  Home,  established  in  October,  1870,  and  incorporated  Janu- 
ary, 1872,  provides  gratuitous  medical  treatment  to  women  who  are  con- 
valescent from  disease.  Connected  with  the  Home  is  a  Sanitarium,  at 
Ouisset,  in  the  town  of  Falmouth,  where  patients  have  the  advantage  of 
country  air  during  the  summer  months.  The  Home,  which  is  situated  on 
Roxbury  Street,  Highland  district,  can  accommodate  40  patients,  and  the 
Sanitarium  35. 

The  St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Sick  and  Destitute  Servant-Girls,  and  the 
St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  are  both  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  St. 
Francis,  the  former  at  No.  46  East  Brookline  Street,  and  the  latter  at  No. 
78  Waltham  Street.  The  St.  Joseph's  Home  includes  a  hospital  for  the 
treatment  of  diseases,  including  incurable  cases.  It  has  90  beds,  24  in  the 
hospital  department.  It  was  incorporated  in  1876.  The  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hospital,  established  in  1867,  is  for  the  medical  and  surgical  treatment  of 
diseases  peculiar  to  women.  It  has  38  beds,  and  the  rate  of  board  and  fees 
is  very  low. 

The  Children's  Hospital,  at  1583 
Washington  Street,  was  incorporated 
in  1869.  Children  between  two  and 
twelve,  suffering  from  acute  diseases, 
are  received  and  treated,  if  poor,  gra- 
tuitously ;  but,  if  their  parents  or  guar- 
dians are  able  to  pay,  a  moderate  charge 
is  made.  The  hospital  has  30  beds. 
The  nursing  is  under  the  direction  of 
ladies  connected  with  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Sisterhood  of  St.  Margaret's, 
from  East  Grinstead.  England.  A  con- 
valescent Home,  as  a  branch  of  the 
hospital,  was  established  at  Wellesley, 
14  miles  from  the  city,  in  1875.  Among 
the  founders  of  the  hospital  were  Chan- 
dler Robbins,  George  H.  Kuhn,  N.  H. 
Emmons,  Dr.  Francis  H.  Brown,  and 
Albert  Fearing. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  at  6  McLean  Street,  incorporated  in 
i860,  is  for  the  free  treatment  of  sick  women  and  girls,  and  of  boys  under 
six,  especially  those  suffering  from  diseases  of  long  duration.  It  is  sup- 
ported by  voluntary  contributions  and   the   income  from  its  funds.     The 


Children's  Hospital,   1583  Washington  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


21  1 


annual  expenses  range  from  $10,000  to  $12,000.  It  is  unsectarian,  but  Epis- 
copal services  are  regularly  held.  The  largest  bequest  it  has  received 
was  from  the  late  James  H.  Foster,  who  left  by  will  $47,500.  Among  the 
incorporators  was  Miss  Anne  S.  Robbins,  who  has  given,  from  the  start, 
her  whole  time  to  the  hospital,  residing  in  it,  and  superintending  its  details 
with  the  aid  of  a  matron.  The  other  incorporators  were  Mrs.  George  C. 
Shattuck,  Mrs.  G.  Howland  Shaw,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Appleton,  Mrs.  N. 
Thayer,  Horace  Gray,  and  Henry  P.  Sturgis. 

The  Children's  Sea-Shore  Home,  at  Winthrop,  is  one  of  the  most 
practical  of  works;  and,  since  its  establishment  in  1875,  ^  nas  accom- 
plished an  unexpected  and  most  gratifying  amount  of  good.  Its  object 
is  to  give  to  poor  children  suffering  from  disease,  and  those  recovering, 
the  great  advantage  of  the  sea-breezes.  A  competent  physician  resides  at 
the  house  ;  and  the  nurses  are  most  attentive,  having  a  special  interest  in 
their  work,  most  of  them  volunteering  their  services. 

The  Consumptives'  Home,  a  hospital  for  incurables,  is  at  Grove  Hall, 
Roxbury      district, 


and  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1870,  six 
years  after  it  was 
founded  by  Dr. 
Charles  Cullis,  who 
is  still  the  manager. 
It  relies  wholly  on 
voluntary  contribu- 
tions. From  this 
source  over  $300,- 
000  have  been  re- 
ceived since  its 
establishment,  and 
nearly  1,700  pa- 
tients cared  for. 
The  Home  will  ac- 
commodate 80  pa- 
tients. The  prem- 
ises    contain,     be- 


Consjmptives     Home,   Grove   Ha 


sides  the  Home  proper,  two  children's  homes,  a  free  chapel,  and  a  home 
for  those  afflicted  with  spinal  complaints. 

St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum,  and  Lying-in  Hospital,  on  Bowdoin  Street, 
Dorchester,  is  managed  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  by  whom  the  institution 
was  founded  in  1870,  for  "the  maintenance  and  support  of  foundlings,  and 
orphan  and  half-orphan  children."    It  also  accommodates  indigent  deserving 


212  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

women  during  confinement.  As  in  the  Carney  Hospital,  no  distinction  is 
made  on  account  of  religion;  and  no  patient  is  refused  on  account  of  her 
inability  to  pay  the  moderate  rate  asked. 

The  Channing  Home,  at  30  McLean  Street,  is  a  most  worthy  institution, 
a  home  for  incurables,  established  in  May,  1857,  by  Miss  Harriet  Ryan,  who 
afterwards  became  Mrs.  Albee.  It  was  incorporated  in  1861.  The  class  of 
patients  generally  admitted  are  those  who  need  constant  medical  assistance 
and  tender  care;  and  no  pay  is  taken  from  any.  Since  it  was  established,  21 
years  ago,  the  Home  has  received  493  patients.  It  has  now  14  inmates. 
The  president  is  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green ;  and  the  treasurer,  Theo.  Metcalf. 

The  Boston  Lying-in  Hospital  was  organized  in  1832,  for  the  relief  of 
poor  and  deserving  women  during  confinement.  In  its  present  quarters,  at 
Nos.  24  and  26  McLean  Street,  it  has  accommodations  for  36  patients. 
Free  cases  are  taken.  Patients  taken  in  prior  to  confinement  are  charged 
$3.50  a  week  for  board,  and  are  expected  to  perform  any  light  duty  required 
of  them.  The  lowest  price  for  confinement  is  $20,  which  also  pays  for  two 
weeks  next  succeeding  confinement;  and,  as  a  rule,  no  case  is  kept  longer 
than  two  weeks  after  confinement. 

The  Hospital  of  the  Public  Institutions  is  located  on  Deer  Island,  and 
has  a  branch  at  Rainsford  Island.  Patients  are  received  from  the  city 
almshouse,  the  House  of  Industry,  and  the  House  of  Reformation  for 
Juvenile  Offenders. 

The  Boston  Lunatic  Hospital,  on  First  Street,  South  Boston,  is  a  city 
institution,  under  the  management  of  the  Board  of  Directors  for  Public 
Institutions.  The  main  building  was  built  in  1839;  and  the  two  wings  were 
added  in  1846.  With  the  yards  and  gardens,  the  buildings  occupy  five 
acres.  The  hospital  has  a  capacity  for  200  patients.  Its  use  is  now  re- 
stricted to  those  who  have  a  settlement,  so  termed,  in  the  city.  The  poor 
are  admitted  without  charge.  Patients  are  committed  to  the  hospital  by  the 
judge  of  probate  for  Suffolk  County,  or  are  admitted  by  the  president  of 
the  board  of  directors.  The  buildings  lack  many  conveniences  found  in 
more  recently  constructed  lunatic  hospitals  ;  and  the  city  has  so  far  out- 
grown its  provision,  that  not  one-half  of  the  Boston  insane  people  can  be 
accommodated  here. 

Diet  Kitchens,  established  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  furnish  prompt 
and  temporary  relief  for  the  sick  poor.  Plain,  nourishing  food  is  here  pre- 
pared, and  given  out  daily,  at  all  hours,  on  the  orders  of  the  dispensary  and 
other  physicians. 

The  Boston  Dispensary,  founded  in  1796  and  incorporated  in  1801,  is  the 
oldest  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  city,  and  the  third  in  the  country.  The 
central  office  is  situated  at  Bennet  and  Ash  Streets,  near  the  centre  of  pop- 
ulation of  the  city  proper,  over  which  its  operations  are  extended.     Physi- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


213 


cians  are  in  attendance  daily,  at  stated  hours,  who  treat  men,  women,  and 
children,  perform  surgical  operations,  and  dispense  medicines.  Much 
practical  work  is  also  done  outside  the  central  office.  The  city  proper  is 
divided  into  nine  districts,  and  to  each  is  assigned  a  physician,  whose  duty 
it  is  to  care  for  those  unable  to  leave  their  homes.  The  dispensary  is  sup- 
ported by  funds  heretofore  contributed,  and  by  private  charity.  An  idea 
of  the  ex- 
tent of  its 
work  can 
be  formed, 
when  it  is 
stated  that 
since  July, 
1856,  over 
500,000  pa- 
tients have 
been  treat- 
ed at  the 
central  of- 
fice and  in 
the  d  i  s- 
tricts.  A- 
bout  30,000 
patients 


Boston   Dispensary,    Bennet  and  Ash  Streets. 


are  treated  yearly.  The  staff  of  physicians  and  surgeons  at  the  central 
office  give  their  services  gratuitously;  and  those  serving  in  the  districts 
at  a  very  small  compensation.  In  the  Charlestown  and  Roxbury  districts, 
there  are  also  free  dispensaries.  That  in  the  Charlestown  district  was  or- 
ganized in  1872,  and  incorporated  the  next  year.  It  is  located  at  No.  21 
Harvard  Square.  Its  founders  were  Richard  Frothingham,  Edward  Law- 
rence, T.  R.  Lambert,  John  T.  Whiting,  and  Charles  E.  Grinnell.  The 
Roxbury  dispensary  was  founded  in  1841,  but  has  since  been  merged  in 
the  Roxbury  Charitable  Society,  founded  in  1794,  and  its  duties  discharged 
by  the  latter  society,  whose  office  is  at  the  corner  of  Dudley  and  Bartlett 
Streets,  Roxbury  district. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Dispensary  in  1856,  its  first  year  of  incor- 
poration, treated  195  patients.  Its  work  has  steadily  augmented  year  by 
year,  and  in  1878  it  furnished  upwards  of  30,000  prescriptions  to  13,000 
patients.  The  central  office,  at  14  Burroughs  Place,  is  open  daily  from  10  to 
12.  The  college  branch  occupies  the  basement  of  the  building  of  the  Boston 
University  School  of  Medicine  in  East  Concord  Street,  and  is  divided  into 
the  following  departments  :  medical,  surgical,  dental,  eye  and  ear,  women's, 


214 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


children's,  chest,  throat,  and  skin.  There  are  connected  with  this  branch  24 
physicians.  With  the  aid  of  the  college  faculty,  clinical  instruction  in  the 
various  departments  is  furnished  to  the  medical  students.  The  West-End 
branch,  in  the  Charity  Building,  Chardon  Street,  is  open  daily  from  10  to 
12,  and,  in  addition  to  the  general  department,  has  also  one  under  the  care 
of  women  physicians,  for  the  diseases  of  their  sex.  The  whole  dispensary  is 
supported  mainly  by  a  fund  raised  by  a  fair  held  in  1859  ^n  ^ie  Music  Hall, 
which  netted  $13,000,  the  income  of  which  has  provided  treatment  for  50,000 
sick  persons.  The  large  number  who  now  flock  to  it  will  render  additional 
funds  necessary. 

The  Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Women,  at  18  Staniford  Street,  was 
organized  in  1873,  and  is  made  available  for  the  purposes  of  clinical  instruc- 
tion.    It  is  in  charge  of  Dr.  James  R.  Chadwick. 

The  Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Children,  at  the  same  place  and  for  the 
same  purposes,  is  in  charge  of  Dr.  Charles  P.  Putnam. 

The  Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  was  originated  in 
1824  by  Drs.  Edward  Reynolds  and  John  Jeffries,  and  was  incorporated  in 


Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and   Ear  Infirmary. 

1826.     During  the  first  year,  there  were  treated  at  the    Infirmary  698  pa- 
tients ;  and  the  number  has  steadily  increased,  compelling  the  institution  to 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  215 

be  removed  from  place  to  place,  until  1850,  when  the  present  building,  on 
Charles  near  Cambridge  Street,  was  erected.  The  building  is  of  brick,  and 
has  two  wings.  The  main  building  measures  67  by  44  feet.  In  the  base- 
ment are  kitchens,  wash-rooms,  laundry,  etc. ;  in  the  first  story  are  receiv- 
ing and  reading  rooms ;  in  the  wings  are  the  male  wards,  with  operating, 
apothecary,  and  bath  rooms ;  in  the  second  story  are  accommodations  for 
the  matron  and  the  female  wards.  The  building  is  surrounded  by  a  yard, 
and  is  shut  out  from  the  street  by  a  high  wall.  The  work  is  rapidly  out- 
growing the  accommodations.  In  1877  no  less  than  8,673  patients  were 
treated.  The  annual  increase  for  the  past  few  years  has  been  about  800. 
The  name  of  the  institution  has  been  a  hinderance  to  its  growth,  leading  the 
community  to  believe  it  to  be  a  State  charity,  and  thereby  averting  dona- 
tions that  would  probably  come  to  it,  and  which  are  really  needed  to  carry 
on  its  great  work.  Patients  from  all  parts  of  this  continent  are  treated  at 
this  Infirmary,  which  is  one  of  the  most  important,  but  at  the  same  time 
one  of  the  most  poorly-supported,  charities  in  the  State.  Dr.  George  Sted- 
man  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Washingtonian  Home  was  organized  in  1857,  and  incorporated  in 
March,  1859,  for  the  cure  of  men  addicted  to  intemperance.  Its  present 
location  is  in  building  No.  41  Waltham  Street ;  and  its  income  is  entirely 
derived  from  board  and  treatment  of  the  inmates.  Since  the  be<rinnin2:  it 
has  received  over  6,000  inmates,  many  of  whom  have  been  free  patients. 
For  a  time  the  State  aided  it.     Dr.  Albert  Day  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Adams  Nervine  Asylum  was  incorporated  in  1877,  but  has  not  yet 
been  established.  It  is  the  project  of  the  late  Seth  Adams,  a  wealthy 
Boston  sugar-refiner,  resident  in  Newton,  who  bequeathed  for  its  establish- 
ment property  valued  at  the  magnificent  sum  of  $600,000.  It  is  to  be  a 
curative  institution,  for  the  benefit  of  indigent,  debilitated,  nervous  people, 
inhabitants  of  the  State,  who  are  not  insane.  Its  site  will  probably  be  in 
the  West-Roxbury  district ;  the  corporation  having  purchased  the  estate 
of  the  late  J.  Gardner  Weld,  on  Centre  Street,  adjoining  the  property  of 
the  Bussey  Institution.  The  incorporators  are  John  N.  Barbour,  James 
C.  Davis,  Aquila  Adams,  Emory  Washburn,  Alpheus  Hardy,  Samuel 
Eliot,  Charles  H.  Dalton,  James  B.  Thayer,  William  Claflin,  John  E.  Tyler, 
Amor  L.  Hollingsworth,  James  Longley,  Samuel  A.  Green,  Robert  Willard, 
Caleb  William  Loring,  Samuel  D.  Warren,  Rufus  Ellis,  Joseph  Burnett, 
Solomon  B.  Stebbins,  Charles  F.  Choate. 

The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  was  formed  in  1781.  It  includes 
17  distinct  societies,  which  together  have  a  membership  of  over  1,400  physi- 
cians practising  in  Massachusetts.  The  by-laws  provide  that  a  member 
must  possess  the  following  among  other  qualifications  :  — 


216  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

"  That  he  is  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age ;  that  he  is  of  sound 
mind  and  good  moral  character ;  that  he  has  a  good  general  English  educa- 
tion; that  he  has  a  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  experimental  philosophy; 
that  he  has  such  an  acquaintance  with  the  Latin  language  as  is  necessary 
for  a  good  medical  and  surgical  education ;  that  he  has  studied  medicine 
and  surgery  three  full  years  under  the  direction,  and  attended  the  practice, 
of  some  reputable,  regularly  educated  physician  or  physicians ;  that  he  has 
attended  two  terms  of  study,  or  two  full  courses  of  lectures  in  separate 
years,  at  an  authorized  medical  school,  recognized  by  the  councillors  of  said 
society,  and  possesses  a  diploma  or  its  equivalent  from  such  school  that  he 
does  not  profess  to  cure  diseases  by,  nor  intend  to  practise,  spiritualism, 
homoeopathy,  allopathy,  Thomsonianism,  eclecticism,  or  any  other  irregu- 
lar or  exclusive  system,  generally  recognized  as  such  by  the  profession  or 
declared  so  by  the  councillors  of  said  society  ;  and  by  a  further  examina- 
tion, a  part  of  which  shall  be  in  writing,  that  he  has  an  adequate  knowledge 
of  anatomy,  pathological  anatomy,  physiology,  general  and  medical  chemis- 
try, materia  medica,  therapeutics,  midwifery,  the  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine,  clinical  medicine,  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  hygiene,  and  public 
hygiene." 

The  Old  Morgue,  North  Grove  Street,  has  been  in  operation  for  over 
20  years.  It  is  a  primitive  affair,  and  a  movement  was  begun  in  the  fall  of 
1873  for  a  larger  and  more  modern  building.  The  morgue  proper  is  a 
small  room,  with  a  single  stone  in  its  centre  for  the  exhibition  of  bodies 
for  recognition.  Adjoining  it  is  an  autopsy-room.  Keys  are  placed  at  the 
police-stations  of  the  North  and  West  Ends,  and  at  the  offices  of  the  har- 
bor-police and  the  city  undertaker.     It  is  in  charge  of  the  board  of  health. 

The  New  Morgue  is  connected  with  the  City  Hospital,  and  is  of  a 
modern  style,  and  fitted-up  somewhat  like  the  Paris  morgue.  Four  bodies 
cau  be  exposed  for  recognition  at  a  time. 

The  Medical  Examiner  is  an  office  that  was  substituted  for  that  of 
coroner,  which  was  abolished  in  1877  by  act  of  the  legislature.  In  the 
place  of  forty  or  fifty  commissioned  officers,  some  of  whom  were  of  ques- 
tionable integrity,  and  not  properly  qualified,  the  work  of  making  special 
investigations  of  the  causes  of  sudden  or  mysterious  deaths,  when  such  are 
deemed  necessary,  is  performed  by  two  men,  physicians  in  good  standing, 
called  medical  examiners.  These  are  commissioned  by  the  governor,  serve 
for  seven  years,  and  receive  $3,000  a  year  as  salary.  The  present  medical 
examiners  for  Suffolk  County  are  Francis  A.  Harris  and  Frank  W.  Draper. 
Whenever  they  deem  a  formal  inquest  necessary  in  any  case,  it  is  brought 
before  the  local  courts.  By  this  change- a  large  saving  is  made  to  the 
county  treasuries,  there  is  less  liability  of  abuse,  and  a  more  satisfactory  result 
is  obtained. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


21 7 


The  Boston  Medical  Association,  organized  in  1806,  holds  its  meetings 
annually,  on  the  first  Monday  in  May.  Its  objects  are  to  regulate  the 
charges  of  physicians,  and  to  aid  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  medical 
profession.     Its  secretary  is  Dr.  Charles  P.  Putnam. 

The  Boylston  Medical  Society  of  Harvard  University  was  founded  in 
181 1,  and  incorporated  in  1823,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  emulation  and 
inquiry  among  the  students  at  the  Medical  School.  The  president  is  always 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  Ward  Nicholas  Boylston, 
the  founder  of  this  society,  left  it  a  fund  from  which  prizes  are  given  to 
those  members  of  the  society  whose  medical  dissertations  are  most  ap- 
proved. The  president  is  Dr.  E.  G.  Cutler,  and  the  secretary  is  W.  N. 
Bullard. 

The  Boston  Society  for  Medical  Improvement  was  organized  in  1828, 
and  incorporated  in  1839,  f°r  tne  cultivation  of  confidence  and  good  feeling 
between  members  of  the  profession,  the  eliciting  and  imparting  of  informa- 
tion upon  the  different  branches  of  medical  science,  and  the  establishment 
of  a  museum  and  library  of  pathological  anatomy.  The  secretary  is  Dr. 
E.  G.  Cutler. 

The  Boston  Society  for  Medical  Observation  was  organized  in  1846,  to 
make  its  members  good  observers  of  disease,  to  collect  and  arrange  accu- 
rately recorded  facts  in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  medical  science,  and  to 
publish  from  time  to  time  the  results  of  the  examination  of  such  facts. 
The  original  society  in  1835  was  composed  chiefly  of  students,  and  was 
founded  on  a  plan  of  a  Paris  association.  Dr.  A.  M.  Sumner  is  the  secre- 
tary. 

The  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
1840,  and  incorporated  in  1856,  and  is  the  oldest  society  of  this  school  in 
the  country.  It  has  151  active  members  ;  holds  its  annual  meeting  on  the 
second  Wednesday  of  April,  and  its  semi-annual  meeting  in  October.  Its 
meetings  are  earnest  and  interesting,  and  are  attended  by  many  physicians 
who  are  not  of  the  homoeopathic  faith.  It  has  published  this  year  a 
volume  of  nearly  1,000  pages.  Its  officers  are:  D.  B.  Whittier,  M.D.,  of 
Fitchburg,  president;  N.  R.  Morse,  M.D.,  of  Salem,  secretary;  H.  C. 
Clapp,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  treasurer. 

The  Boston  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  holds  its  meetings  in  the 
Medical  College,  East  Concord  Street,  on  the  second  Thursday  of  each 
month.     It  has  70  members.     M.  P.  Wheeler,  M.D.,  is  secretary. 

The  Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy  was  incorporated  in  1852.  Its 
main  objects  are  to  regulate  the  instruction  of  apprentices,  to  diffuse  infor- 
mation among  the  members  of  the  profession,  and  to  discountenance  the 
sale  of  spurious,  adulterated,  and  inferior  articles.  Applicants  for  admission 
to  its  membership  must  have  been  actively  engaged  as  a  dispensing  apothe- 


218  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON 

cary  for  six  years.  There  is  a  School  of  Pharmacy,  under  the  control  of  the 
college,  before  which  lectures  are  delivered  during  the  winter  season ;  and 
the  degree  of  graduates  in  pharmacy  is  conferred  upon  students  who  go 
through  the  whole  course,  and  satisfactorily  pass  the  examination.  The 
college,  for  its  lecture-room  and  laboratory,  occupies  the  third  story  of  the 
Old  Franklin  Schoolhouse,  1151  Washington  Street;  the  rooms  being 
granted  free  of  rent  by  the  city  of  Boston.  There  are  about  65  members 
of  the  college,  and  88  students  attending  the  school.  The  laboratory  is  one 
of  the  largest  and  most  thoroughly  equipped  in  the  city.  There  is  also  a 
complete  collection  of  crude  and  rare  drugs  and  of  the  finest  specimens  of 
chemicals.  The  library  contains  about  500  bound  volumes  and  1,500  pam- 
phlets of  works  on  pharmacy,  and  comprises  a  very  valuable  collection  of 
its  kind.  In  connection  with  the  library  of  the  president,  close  at  hand,  and 
at  the  service  of  the  college,  it  forms  the  second  largest  pharmaceutical 
library  in  the  United  States.  The  president  is  Samuel  A.  D.  Sheppard,  and 
the  secretary  is  Daniel  G.  Wilkins. 

The  Boston  Druggists'  Association  has  a  membership  of  about  75,  in- 
cluding persons  engaged  in  the  wholesale  or  retail  drug-trade,  paint  and 
oil  firms,  medicine  houses,  and  co-ordinate  branches  of  the  trade,  in  Boston 
and  vicinity.  Its  object  is  the  furtherance  of  the  interests  of  those  lines 
of  business,  and  to  afford  the  men  engaged  in  them  an  opportunity  of  meet- 
ing with  one  another  on  social  terms  "  around  the  festive  mahogany."  The 
monthly  dinners  are  held  at  the  Parker  House.  The  society  was  organized 
in  1875;  and  its  officers  are  :  president,  Dr.  T.  L.  Jenks ;  secretary,  William 
F.  Horton. 

Our  limited  space  forbids  the  further  sketching  of  the  several  medical 
societies  of  Boston.  Among  those  not  heretofore  mentioned  are  the  Ob- 
stetrical Society,  organized  in  i860;  Boston  Society  of  Medical  Sciences, 
1869;  South-Boston  Medical  Club,  1873;  Association  of  Life-Insurance 
Examiners,  1873;  Boston  Microscopical  Society,  1874;  Boston  Druggists' 
Association,  1875;  Roxbury  Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  1867;  Dor- 
chester Medical  Club,  1866;  Walker  Society  for  Medical  Improvement, 
1872. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  219 


Wqt  Bones  of  tije  (Ettg* 

THE   OLD   BURIAL   PLACES   AND   TOMBS,    AND   THE   NEW 

CEMETERIES. 

THE  cemeteries  in  the  city  proper  are  ancient  burial-places,  which  are 
not  used  nowadays,  the  city  having  forbidden  by  ordinance  all  burials 
in  graves  in  the  city  proper,  interment  in  tombs  only  being  allowed ;  but 
they  are  maintained  and  respected  for  the  hallowed  dust  they  contain,  and 
for  their  historic  associations.  Now  and  then  utilitarians  agitate  their 
removal  for  some  public  "  improvement ;  "  but  the  influence  of  the  conserva- 
tive Bostonian,  jealous  of  his  city's  good  name  and  reputation,  is  promptly 
brought  to  bear,  and  thus  the  dead  are  respected,  and  the  ancient  grave- 
yards, the  most  interesting  of  the  old  landmarks,  are  saved  from  the  hand 
of  desecration. 

The  King's  Chapel  Burying-Ground  is  believed  to  be  the  oldest  in  the 
city,  though  the  exact  date  of  its  establishment  is  not  known.  Situated  in  a 
busy  part  of  the  town,  and  crowded  into  narrow  compass,  under  the  shadow 
of  the  quaint  old  church,  it  is  a  most  interesting  spot,  as  it  contains  the 
remains  of  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  his  son  and  grandson  who  were  governors 
of  Connecticut ;  Gov.  Shirley  ;  Lady  Andros,  the  wife  of  Gov.  Andros  :  John 
Cotton ;  John  Davenport,  the  founder  of  New  Haven,  Conn. ;  John  Oxen- 
bridge  ;  Thomas  Bridge  ;  and  other  well-known  personages  of  the  olden 
time.  Burials  ceased  here,  as  a  rule,  in  1796.  Unfortunately  the  grave- 
stones were  moved  from  their  original  places  some  years  ago  by  a  city  offi- 
cer possessed  of  the  mania  for  "  improvement,''  and  placed  in  rows,  so  that 
it  is  now  impossible  to  tell  the  location  of  any  given  grave.  At  one  time 
during  the  last  century  a  great  deal  of  excitement  was  occasioned  by  a 
rumor  that  some  one  had  been  buried  alive  in  this  burial-ground;  but  the 
affair  terminated  peacefully  when  the  doctors  who  had  attended  the  deceased 
testified  in  the  matter. 

The  Old  Granary  Burying-Ground,  between  the  Park-street  Church  and 
the  Tremont  House,  dates  from  1660,  and  contains  the  graves  of  many 
famous  men,  including  eight  governors  of  the  early  day,  —  Bellingham, 
Dummer,  Hancock,  Adams,  Bowdoin,  Sullivan,  Eustis,  and  Sumner ;  the 
Wendells,  Lydes,  Checkleys,  and  Byfields ;  Peter  Faneuil,  Dr.  John  Jeffries, 
Uriah  Cotting,  Judge  Samuel  Sewall,  John  Hull,  Paul  Revere;  Thomas 
Cushing,  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  council  which  was  the  executive  of 


220 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Massachusetts,  and  at  another  lieutenant-governor;  the  Rev.  Drs.  Eckley, 
Belknap,  Stillman,  Lathrop,  and  Baldwin  ;  the  parents  of  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin; and  the  victims  of  the  Boston  Massacre.  The  territory  was  once  a 
part  of  the  Common ;  and  the  old  town  granary,  which  formerly  stood 
where  the  Park-street  Church  now  stands,  gave  to  the  cemetery  its  name. 

It  is  protected  by 
a  substantial  iron 
fence,  with  an  im- 
posing gateway  in 
its  centre  ;  and  on 
the  sidewalk  in 
front  of  it  stood, 
until  a  few  years 
ago,  a  row  of  no- 
ble trees,  known 
as  the  Paddock 
elms,  which  were 
imported  from 
England,  and  set 
out  in  1762  by 
Capt.  Adino  Pad- 
dock, a  wealthy 
carriage  -  builder, 
and  a  leading  loy- 
alist during  the 
revolutionary 
struggle,  who  left 
These  trees  were 

removed,  to  the  great  grief  and  indignation  of  many  old  citizens,  to  meet 
a  demand  of  the  street-railways.  Inside  the  enclosure,  however,  are  many 
fine  trees ;  and,  though  they  do  not  shade  the  busy  throngs  which  hurry 
by,  they  contribute  much  to  the  picturesque  appearance  of  the  old  burying- 
ground  with  its  winding  narrow  paths,  and  its  old  graves  and  sombre  tombs. 
The  Central  Burying-Ground,  originally  called  the  South  Burying- 
Ground,  is  the  only  other  cemetery  in  this  section  of  the  city.  It  is  a  small 
one  on  the  Common,  near  Boylston  Street.  It  was  established  in  1756.  The 
British  soldiers  who  died  of  disease  during  the  occupation  of  the  city,  and 
those  who  died  of  wounds  received  at  Bunker  Hill,  were  buried  here.  The 
grave  of  M.  Julien  the  restaurateur,  whose  name  has  been  given  to  a  kind  of 
soup  which  he  made,  is  also  here. 

The    Copp's-Hill    Burying-Ground,  three    acres    in   dimensions,  at  the 
North  End,  near  the  old  Christ  Church,  was  the  second  burial-place  estab- 


Gateway  to  the  Granary  Burying-Ground,  Tremont  Street. 

the  city  with  the  British  when  it  was  evacuated  in  1776. 


AVNG'S    HAND  BOO  A'    OF    BOSTON. 


221 


The  Mather  Tomb,   Copp's   Hill. 


lished  in  Boston,  and  was  first  used  for  interments  in  1660.  It  was  originally 
called  the  North  Burying-Place.  The  oldest  gravestone  bears  the  date  of 
1695.  There  are  many  quaint  epitaphs,  some  of  which  are  illegible  from 
a<re.     Amon<r  the  illustrious  dead  who  were 

©  © 

buried  in  this  ground  are  Edmund  Hartt, 

builder  of   the  frigate   "  Constitution,"  the 

Rev.    Drs.    Increase,    Cotton,    and    Samuel 

Mather,  Andrew  and  John  Eliot.     A  willow 

standing   in    the    north-east   corner   of   the 

grounds  was  brought  from  Napoleon's  grave 

at  St.  Helena.     In  the  Revolutionary  times 

the  British  soldiers  occupied  Copp's  Hill  as 

a  military  station :  it  is  told  that  they  found 

sport  in  tiring  bullets  at  the  gravestones,  the  marks  of  which  can  still  be 

seen  on  some  of  them.     When  the  hill  was  cut   down,  the  burying-ground 

was  left  untouched,  and  its  embankment  is  now  protected  by  a  high  stone 

wall.      It   is   an   attractive   spot,   in   a  part   of   the   city,  which,  once  quite 

aristocratic,  now  possesses  little  attraction.     From  its  high  grounds  a  fine 

and  extensive  view  can  be  had. 

The  Old  Charlestown  Burial-Ground,  on  Phipps  Street,  Charlestown, 
is  spoken  of  in  the  records  for  the  first  time  in  1648.  The  earliest  grave- 
stone is  that  of  Maud,  the  wife  of  William  Russell,  bearing  the  date  of 
1652.  The  tombstones  in  this  graveyard  are  about  the  only  antiquities  in 
Charlestown,  almost  every  building  in  the  place  having  been  burned  by  the 
British  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Thomas  Beecher,  one  of  the  original 
settlers,  ancestor  of  the  famous  Beecher  family,  and  John  Harvard,  the 
founder  of  Harvard  College,  are  buried  here. 

Forest-Hills  Cemetery  is  a  beautiful  burial-ground  in  the  West-Roxbury 
district,  about  5  miles  from  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  includes  over  100  acres, 
and  is  finely  laid  out,  oit  high  ground.  Miles  of  winding  avenues  and  foot- 
paths lead  over  hills  and  through  little  valleys  and  glades.  To  the  excep- 
tional natural  beauties  of  the  place  are  added  the  artistic  effects  produced 
by  landscape-gardening.  In  the  summer  a  profusion  of  flowers  and  shrubs 
is  seen  on  every  hand.  There  are  pretty  little  lakes,  handsome  rural  groves, 
and  on  the  heights  one  catches  glimpses  of  beautiful  distant  scenery.  The 
main  entrance  is  from  Scarborough  Street,  through  an  ornamental  stone 
gateway,  on  the  outer  face  of  which  is  the  inscription,  "  I  am  the  Resur- 
rection and  the  Life."  On  the  inner  face  are  the  words,  "  He  that  keepeth 
thee  will  not  slumber."  There  are  other  entrances  on  the  south  and  east, 
from  Canterbury  and  Walk-Hill  Streets.  From  the  main  entrance,  three 
carriage-drives  diverge  towards  different  parts  of  the  grounds.  In  the 
northern  portion  of  the  cemetery  are  Consecration  Hill,  on  which  is  a  rustic 


222  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 

observatory  25  feet  high,  and  Chapel  Hill.  Four  eminences  farther  south 
are  named  Eliot  Hills,  after  the  Indian  apostle,  John  Eliot,  to  whom  a  monu- 
ment will  be  erected  here.  On  Warren  Hill  is  the  tomb  of  Gen.  Joseph 
Warren,  the  lamented  hero  of  Bunker  Hill.  On  Dearborn  Hill  is  a  monu- 
ment to  Gen.  H.  A.  S.  Dearborn,  who  originally  laid  out  the  grounds.  On 
Fountain  Hill  is  a  pretty  spring,  and  the  office  of  the  commissioners.  Other 
heights  are  known  as  Cypress,  Clover,  Juniper,  and  Strawberry  Hills.  In 
Lake  Dell  is  a  picturesque  sheet  of  water,  overshadowed  by  Snowflake  Cliff, 
named  after  the  flowers  that  grow  at  its  foot.  "  Lake  Hibiscus  "  is  the 
largest  pond.  Near  Lake  Dell  is  a  fine  receiving-tomb  of  granite.  Among 
the  most  interesting  monuments  is  a  block  of  rough  granite  from  the  Kear- 
sarge  Mountain,  which  marks  the  resting-place  of  Admiral  Winslow. 
There  is  also  a  fine  bronze  statue  in  the  soldiers'  lot,  erected  by  the  city  of 
Roxbury,  in  memory  of  her  citizen  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  war,  and  which 
is  noticed  in  another  place.  This  cemetery  was  established  by  the  city  of 
Roxbury  before  its  annexation  to  Boston,  and  was  consecrated  in  1848. 

Mount-Hope  Cemetery  is  near  Forest  Hills,  in  the  West-Roxbury  dis- 
trict, and  now  belongs  to  the  city.  It  is  managed  by  a  board  of  commis- 
sioners. The  grounds  include  106^  acres  picturesquely  laid  out,  with 
several  ponds  and  many  fine  trees  and  shrubs.  The  main  entrance  is 
through  a  massive  gateway  of  granite  and  iron.  The  city  of  Boston  has 
erected  a  soldiers'  monument  here ;  and  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post  7  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  has  a  military  memorial  composed  of 
heavy  cannon  given  by  the  National  Government.  It  is  a  simple  but  taste- 
ful monument.  On  a  triangular  stone  base  stand  three  cannon,  forming  the 
outline  of  a  pyramid,  their  mouths  meeting  at  a  common  point,  and  sup- 
porting a  fourth  ;  and  beneath  is  a  pyramid  of  cannon-balls. 

St.  Augustine  Cemetery  situated  in  South  Boston,  and  established  in 
1 81 8,  is  the  oldest  Catholic  burying-ground,  in  Boston.  It  has  a  small 
chapel,  which  is  now  little  used.  Here  is  buried  the  Rev.  Francis  Antony 
Matignon,  a  French  priest,  one  of  the  earliest  Catholic  clergymen  in  Bos- 
ton. His  funeral,  on  the  21st  of  September,  181 8,  was  a  notable  event.  The 
body  was  escorted  through  the  streets  by  a  number  of  acolytes,  bearing 
lighted  candles,  and  was  temporarily  placed  in  the  Granary  Burying-Ground  : 
it  was  removed  to  South  Boston  in  the  following  spring.  Here  is  also 
buried  Dr.  Thomas  J.  O' Flaherty,  who  died  in  1839,  an(^  was  somewhat 
famous  for  a  great  theological  controversy  with  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher.  There- 
is  also  a  Catholic  burying-ground  in  Charlestown,  close  to  the  Church  of 
St.  Francis  de  Sales,  on  the  summit  of  Bunker  Hill ;  and  another  in  the 
Roxbury  district,  adjoining  St.  Joseph's  Church,  on  Circuit  Street,  near  For- 
est Hills.  There  are  also  two  large  cemeteries,  —  one  in  Dorchester,  and 
the   other,  Calvary,  adjoining    Mount-Hope    Cemetery, — belonging  to  the 


m      " 


224  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Boston  Catholic  Cemetery  Association,  which  was  first  incorporated  in 
1857  as  the  Catholic  Cemetery  Association  in  Dorchester,  its  name  having 
been  changed  to  the  present  in  1877.  The  Dorchester  Cemetery  is  now 
full,  containing  25,000  persons  buried  within  its  limits.  In  Calvary,  18,000 
persons  are  buried.  The  association  has  recently  bought  the  Home  Farm 
in  the  West-Roxbury  district,  close  to  the  Brookline  and  Newton  lines  :  this 
is  to  be  laid  out  in  an  artistic  style  by  a  professional  landscape-gardener, 
and  dedicated  in  the  spring  of  1879  as  the  Mount-Benedict  Cemetery. 
The  office  of  the  association  is  at  No.  2,382  Washington  Street,  Roxbury 
district. 

There  is  a  small  Israelitish  cemetery  in  East  Boston,  at  the  corner  of 
Byron  and  Homer  Streets.  It  was  established  by  the  society  of  Ohabei 
Shalom,  and  is  but  100  feet  square.  A  peculiar  appearance  is  given  to 
the  place  by  all  the  tombstones  bearing  Hebrew  inscriptions,  though  some 
of  them  are  also  partly  in  English. 

Among  other  cemeteries  is  the  ancient,  almost  forgotten,  and  quite  neg- 
lected, Roxbury  burying-ground,  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Dudley 
Streets,  nearly  opposite  the  Hotel  Comfort.  The  famous  Indian  apostle, 
John  Eliot,  is  buried  here,  as  well  as  many  other  men  prominent  in  the  by- 
gone days  of  Roxbury.  There  was  formerly  a  P>iends'  burying-ground  on 
Congress  Street ;  but  it  was  discontinued  in  the  early  part  of  this  century, 
and  the  bodies  removed  to  Lynn.  It  is  not  generally  known  that  under 
King's  Chapel,  Christ  Church,  and  St.  Paul's  Church,  there  are  vet  tombs. 
Those  which  had  long  been  under  Park-street  Church  were  discontinued, 
and  the  bodies  removed  to  Mount  Auburn,  in  1862  ;  and  the  society  of  St. 
Paul's  Church  petitioned  in  the  fall  of  1878  for  leave  to  discontinue  further 
interment  in  its  tombs.  In  South  Boston  there  were  tombs  under  St. 
Matthew's  Church,  which  were  discontinued  in  1867.  The  principal  place 
of  burial  for  the  northerly  sections  of  the  city,  including  East  Boston  and 
Charlestown,  is  Woodlawn  Cemetery  in  Everett. 

Mount  Auburn,  the  famous  cemetery  in  Cambridge  and  Watertown,  is 
outside  of  the  city  limits,  but  directly  associated  with  Boston.  The  land 
of  the  Mount-Auburn  Cemetery  was  originally  purchased  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Horticultural  Society,  for  "an  experimental  garden  and  rural  ceme- 
tery." The  cemetery  was  established  in  1831,  mainly  through  the  efforts 
of  Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow,  who  presented  strongly  the  evils  arising  from  burials 
under  churches  and  within  crowded  cities  and  towns.  The  Horticultural 
Society  also  took  an  active  part  in  the  matter.  The  cemetery  comprises  a 
tract  of  about  125  acres,  diversified  in  hill,  dale,  woodland,  and  lawn.  The 
principal  elevation,  Mount  Auburn,  is  125  feet  above  the  level  of  Charles 
River,  which  winds  at  its  feet.  Many  of  the  most  eminent  dead  of  New 
England  are  buried  here. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


225 


Wtyt  Social  Sttie  of  tfte  Ctttg* 

THE   PLAYHOUSES,    PUBLIC    HALLS,    CLUBS,     SECRET    AND 
OTHER   SOCIETIES. 

THERE  was  a  time  when  Boston,  in  respect  to  the  drama,  was  the  first 
city  in  America.  Although  that  distinction  cannot  be  claimed  now, 
there  is  still  ground  for  pride  in  the  high  position  occupied  by  the  play-houses 
of  the  city  ;  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  in  no  other  city  in  the  United  States  do 
real  merit  and  worth  in  stage-matters  meet  with  more  generous  approbation 
or  reward.  Of  the  drama  in  its  infancy  here,  Shaw's  "  Description  of  Bos- 
ton "  (1817)  gives  the  following  interesting  sketch  :  "  1794,  —  the  first  regu- 
lar theatre  was  established  in  Federal  Street,  under  the  management  of 
Charles  Stuart  Powell.  In  consequence  of  a  misunderstanding  between 
him  and  the  proprietor,  Col.  Tyler  was  appointed  to  the  management ;  but, 
not  succeeding,  he  relinquished,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Brown  Wil- 
liamson. In  the  mean  time  the  friends  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Powell  raised  a  sum 
sufficient  to  build  of  wood  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  one  of  the  most  spacious 
and  convenient  theatres  ever  erected  in  America."  This  house  was  opened 
in  1796.  Mr.  Williamson  having  failed,  in  1797,  as  manager  of  the  Federal- 
street  Theatre,  it  was  taken  by  Barrett  &  Harper.  During  the  season  this 
theatre  was  burned.  It  was  rebuilt,  and  opened  in  1798  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Hodgkin,  who  in  1799  failed,  and  removed  his  company  to  the 
Haymarket.  G.  L.  Barrett  then  succeeded  him,  and  failed  before  the  vear 
was  out.  In  1800  Mr.  Whitlock  sunk  #4,000  there.  In  1801  Powell  & 
Harper  took  the  theatre.  The  latter  retired  the  next  year  ;  and  Mr.  Powell 
ran  the  concern  till  1806,  when  he  took  in  some  partners.  Powell  &  Duff 
were  joint  managers  in  1817.  "The  first  building  erected  purposely  for 
theatrical  entertainments  in  Boston  was  opened  the  3d  of  February,  1794, 
with  the  tragedy  of  '  Gustavus  Vasa  Erickson,  the  Deliverer  of  Sweden.' 
The  selection  of  the  play  was  judicious,  as  it  suited  the  temper  of  the 
times."  Of  the  present  theatres,  and  most  conspicuous  public  halls,  brief 
sketches  will  be  given. 

The  Boston  Theatre  is  at  the  present  time  the  largest  theatre  in  New 
England  ;  and,  indeed,  there  are  but  few  larger  anywhere.  It  has  a  brilliant 
record,  and  is  conducted  with  liberal  enterprise  by  Tompkins  &  Hill,  the 
proprietors.  The  theatre,  which  was  built  by  a  corporation,  was  opened  to 
the  public  in  the  autumn  of  1854,  and  quickly  took  a  leading  position  among 


226  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  places  of  amusement  of  New  England.  Thomas  Barry  was  the  first 
manager.  The  exterior  of  the  building  is  hidden  from  view  by  the  structures 
about  it,  and  the  wide  front  entrance  is  all  that  can  be  seen  from  Washington 
Street.  There  is  another  entrance  on  Mason  Street.  Inside,  the  spacious 
lobbies,  the  grand  staircase,  the  richly-furnished  salons,  and  the  immense 
auditorium  form  a  very  imposing  ensemble.  In  comfort  and  elegance  com- 
bined, the  interior  of  the  Boston  equals,  if  it  does  not  surpass,  the  most 
famous  opera-houses  of  the  European  continent;  such,  at  least,  is  the  testi- 
mony of  those  whose  experience  makes  them  competent  judges.  The  stage 
is  very  large,  and  all  the  appointments  are  on  a  liberal  scale,  in  keeping  with 
the  size  of  the  house.  Besides  the  parquette,  which  is  about  90  feet  in  diam- 
eter, there  are  three  large  balconies,  known  respectively  as  the  dress-circle, 
the  family-circle,  and  the  gallery.  The  ornamentation  of  the  walls,  balconies, 
and  ceilings,  is  elaborate  and  tasteful.  The  grand  promenade  saloon  is  46 
by  26  feet  in  dimensions,  and  26  feet  high.  There  is  an  excellent  stock  com- 
pany, including  Louis  James  as  leading  man,  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Barry  as 
leading  lady.  The  members  of  this  company  are  called  upon  to  support  the 
various  star  performers  whose  engagements  recur  pretty  regularly  each  sea- 
son. All  the  most  famous  actors  of  the  day  have  played  repeatedly  at  the 
Boston,  and  are  likely  to  do  so  for  many  years  to  come.  The  grand  opera 
also  finds  an  appropriate  home  on  this  stage  ;  and  many  brilliant  engage- 
ments have  been  played  here  by  renowned  native  and  foreign  fti'ime  donne, 
whose  names  alone  are  sufficient  to  fill  every  seat  in  the  house.  During  the 
season  of  1877-78  the  great  spectacular  drama  "The  Exiles,"  by  Sardou 
and  Nus,  had  a  remarkable  run,  and  was  set  with  extraordinary  magnifi- 
cence. In  compliance  with  the  general  demand  it  was  revived  the  present 
season  (1878-79).  The  theatre  seats  2,972  people,  and  the  prices  of  admis- 
sion range  from  $1.50  down  to  35  cents.  The  general  admission  is  50  cents. 
The  Globe  Theatre  is  a  short  distance  above  the  Boston,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  Washington  Street,  and  has  entrances  on  that  thoroughfare,  Essex 
Street,  and  Hayward  Place.  The  present  building  was  erected  and  opened 
its  doors  in  1874.  Selwyn's  Theatre,  which  originally  occupied  the  ground, 
was  built  in  1867,  the  name  being  subsequently  changed  to  the  Globe  Thea- 
tre;  and  was  burned  in  1873.  Jonn  H.  Selwyn,  Charles  Fechter,  and  W.  R. 
Floyd  were  successively  managers  of  the  theatre.  The  late  Arthur  Cheney, 
who  died  November,  1878,  was  the  sole  proprietor,  on  the  retirement  ©f 
Dexter  H.  Follett,  who  was  first  associated  with  him.  Seats  to  the  number 
of  150  are  held  by  gentlemen  who  paid  #1,000  each  for  a  seat,  and  to  this 
extent  are  stockholders.  In  1877  the  theatre  was  considerably  changed  as 
to  its  interior  arrangements,  and  all  possible  precautions  were  taken  to 
avoid  danger  from  fire.  John  Stetson  was  the  lessee  during  the  season  ot 
1877-78.    A  circus  performance  was  given  on  this  stage  in  the  spring  of  1878, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  227 

and  caused  not  a  little  comment ;  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  lessee  from 
giving  such  a  performance  being  unsuccessfully  applied  for  by  Mr.  Cheney. 
The  Globe  is  a  very  handsome  and  showy  theatre,  and  has  one  of  the  best 
stages  in  the  country.  The  auditorium  is  60  feet  in  height.  There  are  two 
large  balconies,  and  a  row  of  mezzanine  boxes.  A  curtain  of  maroon  Amer- 
ican silk  is  used.  The  scenery  is  usually  very  fine :  and  no  theatre  in  the 
world  is  better  adapted  for  the  presentation  of  comedies.  The  season  of 
1875-76  is  remembered  with  pleasure  by  those  who  were  fortunate  enough  to 
witness  the  admirable  little  stock-company  then  playing  here.  The  Globe  has 
seats  for  about  1,800.     During  the  season  of  1878-79  the  theatre  was  closed. 

The  Boston  Museum  is  an  ancient  and  honorable  theatre,  much  liked  by 
play-goers  on  account  of  the  past  glories  and  present  successes  of  its 
stage.  It  is  a  comely  four-story  building  of  stone,  on  Tremont  Street,  with 
entrances  on  that  street  and  on  Court  Square.  The  front  is  ornamented 
with  rows  of  gas-jets,  which,  when  lighted  at  night,  give  it  a  festive  air. 
The  museum  proper  is  of  little  interest,  and  is  seldom  visited,  the  entire 
attention  of  the  management  being  devoted  to  the  theatre.  The  large  hall 
in  which  the  curiosities  are  to  be  seen  in  glass  cases  is  used  as  a  sort  of 
lobby.  The  building  covers  20,000  square  feet  of  land.  The  original  Boston 
Museum,  opened  in  1841,  was  at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Bromfield 
Streets.  The  present  structure  was  built  in  1846.  Moses  Kimball  is  the 
proprietor,  and  R.  M.  Field  the  manager.  The  interior  of  the  theatre  is 
cosey  and  comfortable.  There  is  no  attempt  at  elaborate  ornamentation. 
An  excellent  stock-company,  which  this  season  (1878-79)  includes  William 
Warren,  W.  H.  Crisp,  Miss  Annie  Clarke,  and  other  favorite  comedians, 
is  employed ;  and  an  occasional  "  star  "  appears,  though  the  Museum  is  not 
a  k' star  "  theatre.  In  the  season  of  1877-78  Madame  Modjeska  appeared 
at  the  Museum,  and  Lawrence  Barrett  played  a  successful  engagement.  W. 
D.  Howells's  comedy,  "  A  Counterfeit  Presentment,"  was  produced  for  the 
first  time  in  Boston,  before  a  very  distinguished  audience.  The  stock-com- 
pany itself  is  always  worth  seeing,  especially  in  a  good  English  comedy. 
The  theatre  has  but  one  balcony,  and  no  boxes.  It  seats  1,275  people,  and 
the  prices  range  from  $1  to  35  cents. 

The  Gaiety  Theatre  on  Washington  Street,  next  to  the  Boston  Theatre, 
was  opened  to  the  public  on  the  evening  of  Oct.  15,  1878,  under  the  man- 
agement of  J.  Wentworth,  formerly  of  the  Theatre  Comique.  It  was  for- 
merly the  Melodeon  Hall.  It  is  an  attractive  and  comfortable  little 
theatre,  and  by  reason  of  its  small  size  is  admirably  adapted  for  comedy  ; 
the  performers  being  easily  seen  and  heard  from  every  part  of  the  house. 
It  will  seat  about  800  persons,  —  500  on  the  floor,  and  300  in  the  balcony,  — 
and  has  standing-room  for  an  additional  200.  The  auditorium  has  a  bright, 
cheerful  appearance,  and  the  decoration  is  tasteful.     The  walls  and  ceiling 


228 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


are  panelled  in  pink,  with  buff,  gold,  and  purple  borders  ;  and  the  balcony 
fronts  are  in  bronze,  gray,  and  pink.  The  auditorium  is  lighted  by  a  sun- 
burner  in  the  ceiling.  The  stage  is  60  feet  wide  and  30  deep,  and  the  pro- 
scenium-opening has  a  width  of  32,  a  height  of  38,  and  a  clear  opening  of 
28  feet.     The  prices  range  from  $1  to  35  cents. 

The  Howard  Athenaeum  is  on  Howard  Street,  near  Court  Street.  It  was 
built  and  opened  in  1846,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Miller  Tabernacle.  For 
several  years  the  management  presented  the  legitimate  drama.  Of  late  years 
it  has  been  a  novelty  theatre,  and  has  been  very  successful  in  that  field. 
B.  F.  Tryon,  the  lessee  this  season  (1878-79),  has  elevated  the  standard  of 
performances ;  and  stars  and  combinations  are  playing  in  a  good  class  of 
pieces.  Some  improvements  have  been  made  in  the  interior  arrangements 
of  the  house.  The  Howard,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  seats  1,500  people; 
and  the  prices  range  from  $1  to  35  cents. 

The  Boylston  Museum  is  a  small  variety  theatre  on  Washington  Street, 
near  Boylston.     It  is  managed  by  J.  McFadden,  and  seats  930  people. 


The  Boston  Music  Hall  ranks  among  the  finest  and  largest  public  halls 

in  the  world.  It  was  built  in  1852 
by  an  association  of  friends  of 
music,  the  impulse  having  been 
given  at  one  of  the  annual  dinners 
of  the  Harvard  Musical  Associa- 
tion. The  hall  has  no  external 
architectural  features  worthy  of 
mention,  it  being  almost  entirely 
surrounded  by  other  buildings. 
Glimpses  of  its  plain  brick  walls 
are  caught  through  Hamilton  Place, 
from  Tremont  Street,  and  through 
Central  Court  from  Winter  Street. 
There  are  two  entrances,  —  one  on 
Central  Court,  and  the  other  on 
Tremont  Street,  opposite  the  Park- 
street  Church.  The  effect  of  the 
interior  is  grand  and  imposing,  and 
the  acoustic  properties  are  remark- 
ably fine.  The  hall  is  130  feet  long, 
78  feet  wide,  and  65  feet  high. 
Two  balconies  run  around  three 
sides  of  the  hall,  the  total  seating  capacity  of  which  is  2,585.  The  hall  is 
lighted  by  a  line  of   hundreds   of   gas-jets  along  the   cornice.     The   great 


The  Great  Organ,   Music   Hall. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


229 


organ  is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  existence.  It  was  built  by  Walcker, 
in  Ludwigsburg,  near  Stuttgart,  Germany.  It  contains  5,474  pipes,  690  of 
which  are  in  the  pedal  organ;  and  it  also  has  84  complete  registers.  Its 
case,  designed  by  Hammatt  Billings,  is  a  fine  example  of  artistic  wood- 
carving.  The  organ  was  contracted  for  in  1856,  and  was  first  heard  by  the 
public  in  a  grand  concert  given  Nov.  2,  1863.  Its  cost  was  $60,000.  In 
front  of  the  organ  stands  a  bronze  statue  of  Beethoven,  said  to  be  the  finest 
portrait-statue  in  America.  In  a  niche  in  the  opposite  wall  is  a  copy  of  the 
Belvedere  Apollo  ;  and  on  the  same  wall  are  three  fine  busts  of  composers, 
which  with  their  beautiful  brackets  were  the  gift  of  Charlotte  Cushman. 
Hundreds  of  the  most  distinguished  musicians  and  orators  have  appeared  in 
Music  Hall.  Beneath  the  large  hall  is  a  smaller  one,  called  Bumstead  Hall. 
It  is  arranged  like  an  amphitheatre,  and  is  principally  used  for  the  rehearsals 
of  the  Handel  and  Haydn  Society. 

Tremont  Temple  is  one  of  the  largest  halls  in  Boston.  It  occupies  the 
site  of  the  old  Tre- 
mont Theatre  on  Tre- 
mont Street,  between 
School  Street  and 
tlaimlluu  Place.  The 
main  hall,  120  feet 
long,  72  feet  wide,  and 
50  feet  high,  has  deep 
galleries,  and  is  capa- 
about 
Be- 
neath it  is  a  smaller 
hall,  called  the  Meio- 
naon,  with  seats  for 
nearly  800  people,  used 
mostly  for  religious 
and  temperance  meet- 
ings. It  was  in  the 
large  hall  that  Charles 
Dickens  gave  his  read- 
ings on  his  last  visit 
'to     America.  The 

Temple  had  its  origin 
in    the   desire   to  pro- 

•  1  ,  r  Tremont  Temple.   Tremont   Street. 

vide   a   place   of   wor- 
ship  where    the    seats    should   be   free    to   all.      The   building    cost    over 
$230,000.     An   association    called  the  Evangelical  Baptist  Benevolent  and 


ble    of    seating 
2,000     people. 


23° 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Missionary  Society  was  formed  to  promote  the  ends  for  which  the  enter- 
prise was  undertaken,  and  also  to  engage  in  a  general  work  of  charity  and 
benevolence.  The  greater  portion  of  the  building,  including  the  halls,  has 
been  used  for  these  purposes.  The  large  hall  is  occupied  on  Sundays  by 
the  Union  Temple  Church.  Tremont  Temple  is  known  as  the  headquarters 
of  the  New-England  Baptists  ;  and  their  principal  associations,  such  as  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Union,  the  New-England  departments  of  the  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  and  of  the  Baptist  Publication  Society,  have  their  offices  in  the 
building.  The  Baptist  Social  Union,  composed  of  representatives  from  all 
Baptist  churches  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  holds  its  monthly  meetings  in  the 
building.  "  The  Watchman,"  which  under  its  new  and  able  management  is 
the  recognized  organ  of  New-England  Baptists,  has  its  editorial  and  official 
rooms  in  the  Temple.  Solomon  Parsons,  the  secretary  of  the  Evangelical 
Baptist  Benevolent  and  Missionary  Society,  which  owns  the  building,  has 
his  office  within  its  walls.  The  sum  paid  by  the  society  for  the  building  in 
1858  was  over  #165,000. 

Horticultural  Hall,  the  home  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society, 
is  a  handsome  structure  of  white  granite,  on  Tremont  Street,  between  Brom- 
field  Street  and  Montgomery  Place.     The  society,  incorporated  in   1829,  is 

the  oldest  horticultural 
society  in  the  country, 
excepting  that  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Since  its 
foundation  it  has  held 
horticultural  exhi- 
bitions every  Saturday 
through  the  growing 
season,  besides  an  an- 
nual exhibition  in  Sep- 
tember, and  special 
shows  of  roses,  straw- 
berries, etc.,  in  their 
seasons.  On  these  oc- 
casions the  choicest 
fruits,  flowers,  plants, 
and  vegetables,  of  the 
newest  and  finest  va- 
rieties, are  shown,  and 
have  done  much  toward 
cultivating:  a  knowledge  of  and  taste  for  horticulture  and  the  best  means  of 
improving  its  productions.  Liberal  premiums  have  been  offered,  and  the 
society  may  fairly  claim  to  have  done  more  for  the  advancement  of  horticul- 


horticultural    Hall,   Tremont  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  231 

ture  than  any  other  in  the  country.  To  this  society  also  the  community  is 
indebted  for  the  establishment  of  Mount- Auburn  Cemetery.  In  1844  the 
society  built  a  hall  on  School  Street,  believed  to  be  the  first  permanent 
building  ever  erected  by  any  horticultural  society.  This  was  removed  in 
i860,  and  the  present  building  was  dedicated  in  1865.  The  front  is  of  a 
dignified  and  monumental  character,  and  is  embellished  with  elegant  works 
of  art,  comprising  costly  statues  of  Ceres,  Flora,  and  Pomona.  The  ground- 
floor  is  occupied  by  stores  ;  the  second  story  by  the  Library  Room  of  the 
society  and  a  hall  for  the  weekly  exhibitions;  and  the  upper  story  by  a 
large  and  elesrant  hall  used  in  addition  to  the  lower  hall  at  the  annual  and 
other  important  exhibitions.  Both  of  these  halls  are  often  used  for  con- 
certs and  the  better  class  of  entertainments.  The  society's  library,  com- 
prising over  3,000  volumes,  is  the  most  valuable  collection  of  horticultural 
works  in  the  United  States.  The  halls  are  adorned  with  portraits  and  busts 
of  the  presidents,  founders,  and  benefactors  of  the  society. 

Union  Hall,  in  the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Union  on 
Boylston  Street,  is  a  favorite  hall  for  concerts  and  private  theatricals,  its 
stage  being  fitted  up  for  the  special  accommodation  of  the  latter.  It  has  a 
seating  capacity  of  522,  is  beautifully  decorated,  and  comfortably  furnished. 

Beethoven  Hall,  on  Washington  Street  nearly  opposite  the  Globe  Thea- 
tre, was  built,  as  its  name  implies,  for  a  first-class  concert-hall ;  but  it 
is  now  used  more  for  miscellaneous  entertainments.  It  is  handsomely 
furnished,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  1,500. 

The  Parker  Memorial  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Appleton 
Streets,  is  the  place  of  worship  of  the  Twenty-Eighth  Congregational 
Society,  and  was  built  to  commemorate  the  renowned  preacher,  Theodore 
Parker.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  850.  The  first  floor  is  devoted  to  the 
rooms  of  the  Parker  Fraternity,  the  well-known  social  organization  con- 
nected with  the  society. 

The  Paine  Memorial  Hall  is  on  Appleton  Street,  near  the  Parker  Memo- 
rial Hall.  It  was  built  in  commemoration  of  Thomas  Paine.  The  famous 
San  Francisco  millionnaire,  James  Lick,  gave  $18,000  towards  the  building- 
fund.     The  hall  has  seats  for  800  persons. 

Investigator  Hall,  in  the  Paine  Memorial  Hall  building,  has  seating 
capacity  of  about  600. 

The  Mechanics'  Hall  in  the  building  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable 
Mechanics'  Association,  corner  of  Bedford  and  Chauncy  Streets,  is  pleasantly 
and  conveniently  arranged.  It  was  formerly  much  used  for  chamber  con- 
certs, but  is  now  principally  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  association. 

Wesleyan  Hall,  in  the  Methodist  building  on  Bromfield  Street,  is  much 
used  for  lectures  and  other  occasions  where  the  audiences  are  not  large.  It 
is  now  used  for  the  rehearsals  of  the  Boylston  Club.  Its  seating  capacity 
is  about  300. 


232  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Hawthorne  Rooms,  named  in  honor  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  in 
Doll  &  Richards's  new  building  on  Park  Street,  are  elegant  and  tasteful. 
They  are  specially  devoted  to  morning  lectures,  given  between  12  and  I, 
after  a  style  which  has  for  some  time  prevailed  in  London,  and  which  has 
lately  become  quite  popular  in  Boston.  They  are  also  used  for  evening 
entertainments  of  a  high  character,  are  reached  by  an  elevator,  as  well  as 
by  a  broad  staircase,  and  have  a  seating  capacity  of  about  250. 

The  Turnhalle,  in  the  building  of  the  Turnverein,  on  Middlesex  Street, 
is  the  central  gathering-point  of  the  German  population.  A  description  of 
it  will  be  found  in  another  part  of  this  chapter. 

Faneuil  Hall,  on  Faneuil-Hall  Square  and  Merchants'  Row,  is  illustrated 
and  described  in  the  chapter  on  "  Markets  and  Exchanges." 

Other  Halls. —  Other  well-known  halls  in  the  city  are  Papanti's,  23  Tre- 
mont  Street,  where  many  famous  dinners  in  the  past  have  taken  place,  and 
which  is  now  mostly  used  for  dancing;  Nassau  Hall,  corner  Washington  and 
Nassau  Streets,  much  used  by  believers  in  "isms:"  Hospitaller  Hall,  751 
Washington  Street,  which,  with  Codman  Hall,  176  Tremont  Street,  is  fre- 
quented largely  by  labor-reformers  and  persons  of  kindred  ideas ;  John  A. 
Andrew  Hall,  in  what  was  formerly  the  Essex-street  Church,  at  the  corner  of 
Chauncy  and  Essex  Streets,  used  mostly  for  political  and  trades  meetings ; 
Concord  Hall,  on  Concord  Street,  at  the  South  End,  used  mostly  for  dan- 
cing:  and  Pilgrim  Hall,  in  the  Congregational  Building,  corner  of  Beacon 
and  Somerset  Streets,  used  for  religious  and  social  gatherings  by  the  Con- 
gregationalists  and  others.  In  the  outlying  districts,  the  Roxbury  district  has 
Kennedy  Hall,  on  Warren  Street,  built  by  Donald  Kennedy  of  Roxbury  ; 
a  finely  fitted  hall,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  950,  used  principally  for  lec- 
tures, amateur  theatricals,  balls,  and  lyceum  entertainments.  In  the  same 
district  there  is  Institute  Hall,  at  113  Dudley  Street,  used  chiefly  for  balls 
and  public  meetings;  Bacon's  Hall,  2185  Washington  Street;  Highland 
Hall,  191  Warren  Street.  In  the  Dorchester  district  is  the  old  Town  Hall. 
In  Jamaica  Plain,  West-Roxbury  district,  is  Curtis  Hall,  a  beautiful  build- 
ing, formerly  the  Town  Hall.  On  annexation  the  Boston  city  council  gave 
it  its  present  name  in  honor  of  one  of  the  most  public-spirited  citizens  of 
the  district.  It  is  used  for  public  gatherings  and  social  festivities.  In  the 
Charlestown  district  the  principal  hall  is  Monument  Hall,  on  Main  Street, 
near  the  Neck.  There  are  also  the  City  Hall,  City  Square  ;  Congress  Hall, 
Main  Street:  Evening  Star  Hall,  Main  Street;  Freemason's  Hall,  Thomp- 
son Square:  Harvard  Hall,  Bow  Street:  Ivanhoe  Hall,  Main  Street;  Odd 
Fellow's  Hall,  Main  Street;  Waverley  Hall,  Waverley  Block ;  Winthrop 
Hall,  Main  Street.  East  Boston  has  Lyceum  Hall,  on  Maverick  Square  ; 
Webster  Hall,  Webster  Street ;  and  Sumner  Hall,  near  Meridian  Street, 
with  seats  for  800  persons.     South  Boston  has  Waitt's  Hall. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


233 


The  Clubs,  and  there  are  many  of  them,  constitute  one  of  the  most 
characteristic  features  of  Boston.  Some  are  unique  and  peculiar  in  their 
management  and  purposes.  In  these  clubs  are  drawn  together  the  various 
little  groups  of  people  who  in  a  great  city  are  congenial  to  one  another,  either 
from  holding  relative  positions  in  wealth  and  station,  or  from  having  similar 
desires  in  mental,  social,  and  physical  culture. 

The  Temple  Club,  established  in  1829,  is  the  oldest.  Its  building,  at 
No.  37  West  Street,  is  the  only  one  designed  expressly  for  club  uses,  and 
presents  a  modest  front,  while  the  interior  is  admirably  arranged  for  the 
special  purpose  for  which  it  was  designed.  The  club  is  a  small  one  :  and 
its  reputation  for  good-fellowship  is  of  long  standing.  The  admission-fee  is 
$100,  and  the  annual  assessments  are  not  allowed  to  exceed  that  amount. 

The  Somerset  Club  is  the  most  fashionable  and  exclusive.  It  was  or- 
ganized in  1852,  and  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  Tremont  Club.  It  first  occu- 
pied the  substantial 
granite  mansion-house 
on  the  corner  of  Bea- 
con and  Somerset 
Streets,  now  known  as 
"  The  Congregational 
House  ;  "  and  in  1872 
it  moved  to  the  mag- 
nificent granite-front 
residence  on  Beacon 
Street,  opposite  the 
Common,  built  by  the 
late  David  Sears,  from 
whom  it  was  bought. 
The  interior  of  the 
house  is  elegant,  and 
at  the  same  time  has 
an  exceedingly  com- 
fortable look.  A  nota- 
ble feature  is  a  ladies' 
restaurant,  for  guests 
of  the  members,  which 
is  also  open  to  non- 
members  accompany- 
ing ladies  on  club- 
order.  There  is  also  a  charming  ladies'  supper-room,  overlooking  the 
Common.  The  membership  was  originally  limited  to  250;  but  it  is  now 
fixed  at  600.     Applications  for  membership   are  determined  wholly  by  a 


Somerset  Club  House,    Beacon   Street. 


234  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

committee  on  elections.  The  admission-fee  and  annual  assessment-fee  are 
#100  each.  On  the  site  of  the  present  Somerset  Club  house  was  the  home 
of  Copley,  the  famous  painter. 

The  Union  Club  was  established  near  the  close  of  the  Rebellion,  as  a 
semi-political  club,  in  support  of  the  Union  cause  ;  but  it  has  since  lost  its 
political  character,  and  has  become  a  social  club  of  the  highest  respectabili- 
ty. The  bench  and  bar  are  well  represented  in  it.  Its  first  president  was 
Edward  Everett ;  and  among  his  successors  have  been  such  men  as  Charles 
G.  Loring,  Richard  H.  Dana,  jun.,  Henry  Lee,  and  Lemuel  Shaw,  son  of  the 
great  chief  justice.  Its  membership  is  limited  to  600.  Applicants  for  ad- 
mission must  first  be  reported  on  favorably  by  the  committee,  and  then 
voted  on  by  the  club  ;  one  black  ball  in  five  is  sufficient  to  exclude.  The 
entrance-fee  is  $100,  and  the  annual  assessment  $50.  A  feature  of  the 
club  is  its  excellent  table-d ' hotc  dinners.  The  club-house  is  conveniently 
and  pleasantly  situated  on  Park  Street,  opposite  the  Common,  and  was  for- 
merly the  residence  of  Abbott  Lawrence. 

The  Central  Club  is  of  recent  origin,  established  in  1869  by  prominent 
South-End  residents.  Its  first  meetings  were  in  the  St.  James  Hotel,  and 
its  first  club-house  was  on  Concord  Street.  The  present  building,  first 
occupied  in  1872,  is  a  conspicuous  brown-stone  building  on  Washington 
Street,  at  the  corner  of  Worcester  Square.  P>om  its  spacious  cupola  can 
be  had  a  splendid  view  of  the  city  proper  and  the  Highlands.  The  build- 
ing is  not  large,  but  it  is  well  arranged,  and  substantially  furnished.  The 
club  has  a  large  membership.  It  is  social,  not  political ;  but  it  happens  that 
several  of  its  most  prominent  members  are  leading  Republicans. 

The  Suffolk  Club  has  rooms  in  a  brick  building  at  No.  4^  Beacon  Street. 
One  writer  describes  this  club  as  "  an  association  for  the  development  of  the 
pleasurable  social  affinities  of  seemingly  incongruous  kinds  of  character." 
To  this  club  belong  a  number  of  prominent  Democratic  politicians. 

The  Athenian  Club  is  an  outgrowth  of  the  Boston  Press  Club.  It  was 
designed  to  be  a  purely  professional  club  ;  but  in  the  course  of  time  a 
large  number  of  non-professionals  were  admitted.  The  journalistic,  drama- 
tic, and  musical  elements,  however,  are  still  prominent  in  the  direction  of 
the  club  affairs,  and  give  the  tone  to  its  management.  The  club-house  until 
recently  was  on  Tremont  Place.  It  now  occupies  elegant  quarters  at  168 
Tremont  Street,  fronting  the  Common.  The  monthly  dinners,  and  recep- 
tions to  dramatic  and  other  celebrities,  are  features  of  the  club.  Charles  H. 
Taylor,  of  "  The  Daily  Globe,"  is  president. 

The  New-England  Woman's  Club  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  Boston. 
It  was  organized  ten  years  ago  by  prominent  ladies,  and  had  its  home  at 
first  in  Tremont  Place.  It  afterwards  removed  to  more  spacious  quarters 
on  Park  Street,  opposite  the  Common,  a  few  doors  from  the  Union  Club. 


236  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

It  is  very  select,  and  gives  receptions,  breakfasts,  and  "teas"  to  distin- 
guished guests  ;  and  it  has  regular  weekly  meetings,  at  which  essays  are 
read  and  discussions  indulged  in. 

The  Saturday-Morning  Club  is  of  recent  organization,  and  consists  of 
about  sixty  young  ladies,  who  listen  to  lectures  from  literary  and  scientific 
celebrities,  and  meet  for  "  mutual  improvement,"  and  perhaps  "  mutual 
admiration "  as  well. 

The  Literary  Clubs  of  Boston  have  no  club-houses,  but  meet  generally 
at  some  leading  hotel  around  the  festive  mahogany.  The  Saturday  Club, 
also  known  as  the  Literary  Club,  dines  once  a  month  at  Parker's,  and  always 
on  the  last  day  of  the  week.  It  is  famous  for  the  literary  and  scientific 
celebrities  who  have  from  time  to  time  belonged  to  it.  The  Papyrus  Club 
meets  monthly  at  dinner,  at  the  Revere  House.  Its  membership  is  two- 
thirds  literary,  and  one-third  miscellaneous.  One  black  ball  in  five  excludes 
a  candidate  for  admittance.  The  Chestnut-street  Club,  formerly  called  the 
Radical  Club,  by  which  name  it  is  best  known,  meets  weekly  at  the  resi- 
dence of  its  founder  on  Chestnut  Street;  and  the  essays  and  discussions  by 
men  and  women  of  letters,  and  advanced  thinkers,  are  regularly  reported  in 
the  leading  daily  journals. 

The  leading  clubs  of  actors  are  the  Macaroni,  the  Ace  of  Spades,  and 
the  Americus.  The  latter  has  rooms  on  Tremont  Street,  opposite  the  Mu- 
seum;  and  the  former  meets  once  a  month  at  the  Parker  House.  The 
Wednesday-evening  Century  Club,  and  the  Thursday  Club,  are  associations 
of  gentlemen  representing,  for  the  most  part,  professional  life,  who  meet  at 
the  houses  of  one  another. 

The  Union  Boat-Club,  organized  in  1 851,  is  one  of  the  oldest  boating- 
organizations  in  the  country.  Its  club-house  is  at  the  foot  of  Chestnut 
Street,  on  the  Charles  River,  at  the  head  of  the  famous  boat-racing  course. 
It  is  an  attractive  building,  in  the  Swiss  style,  with  gymnasium  and  rooms 
for  the  convenience  of  the  members,  who  number  130.  The  club  rowed 
in  a  race  at  Hull,  in  1853,  in  which  its  boat  was  steered  by  the  bow  oar, 
instead  of  by  a  coxswain,  the  first  time  that  it  was  done  in  this  country. 
It  introduced  the  first  wherry-race  on  the  Charles  in  1854;  and  in  1857  its 
crew  won  the  Beacon  cup  from  the  Harvards.  The  club,  as  an  organization, 
has  not  been  represented  on  the  Charles  of  late  years. 

The  Boston  Yacht-Club  was  organized  in  1866,  and  chartered  in  1868. 
It  was  the  first  club  formed  in  Boston  for  yachting  purposes,  except  a  small 
club  that  began  in  1834  and  ended  in  1837.  It  was  also  the  first  yacht-club 
chartered  by  the  State.  At  present  it  comprises  250  members  and  80  yachts, 
and  owns  considerable  property  at  City  Point,  South  Boston.  The  club- 
house, finely  situated  on  the  shore,  is  open  to  the  winds,  easterly  and  south- 
erly, that  sweep  over  Boston  Harbor  and  Dorchester  Bay,  and  commands  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


237 


pleasing  view  in  all  directions.  The  conveniences  for  boating  purposes,  and 
the  charms  as  a  place  of  resort  for  its  members  in  summer  months,  give  it 
exceptional  attractions.  The  officers  of  the  club  are:  commodore,  F.  H. 
Peabody ;    vice-commodore,    Nathaniel    Wales  :    rear-commodore,    Andrew 


Boston  Yacht-Club  House,  City  Point. 

Robeson ;  secretary,  Thomas  Dean  ;  treasurer,  Augustus  Russ.  The  two 
last  named  have  filled  the  same  offices  since  the  organization  of  the  club. 

The  South -Boston  Yacht-Club  was  organized  in  1868,  and  incorporated 
in  1877.  It  has  139  members,  and  the  yachts  enrolled  number  44.  Its 
house,  30  by  45  feet,  has  a  good  wharf,  is  conveniently  arranged,  and  admira- 
bly situated  on  the  extreme  point  of  South  Boston.  It  was  the  first  house 
erected  in  Massachusetts  by  a  yacht-club.  The  officers  are  :  commodore, 
M.  J.  Kiley;  vice-commodore,  L.  S.  Pond;  fleet-captain,  J.  G.  Chambers; 
secretary,  William  Morris;  treasurer,  Thomas  Christian. 

Other  Yacht-Clubs  include  the  East-Boston  Club,  S.  S.  Goodwin,  com- 
modore ;  Bunker-Hill  Club,  George  H.  Brown,  commodore ;  Dorchester 
Club,  F.  E.  Peabody,  commodore  ;  as  well  as  a  few  composed  of  Boston 
men  which  have  their  houses  outside  the  city  limits. 

The  Boston  Base-Ball  Association  was  incorporated  in  1871,  and  sup- 
ports the  "Boston  Nine,"  or  "The  Red-Stockings"  as  it  is  often  called. 
Most  of  the  stockholders  are  business-men  who  do  not  expect  any  returns 
from  their  investments,  which  were  made  merely  to  encourage  the  game. 
Since  its  organization  the  Nine  has  won  six  of  the  eight  championship 
series.  In  all  472  games  were  played,  of  which  344  were  won,  126  lost,  and 
2  drawn.     The  Association   has   large  and  comfortable  club-rooms  at  786 


238 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


Washington  Street,  opposite  Hollis  Street.  During  the  winter  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Nine  exercise  themselves  at  the  gymnasium  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Union.  From  the  beginning  Harry  Wright  has  been  the  captain 
and  manager,  and  George  Wright  the  "  short  stop,"  on  the  Nine.  The 
president  is  Arthur  H.  Soden. 

The  Union  Athletic  Club  was  organized  in  1875  by  a  few  members  of 
the  old  Union  Gymnasium  on  Washington  Street.  It  has  had  three  fall 
and  three  spring  meetings,  open  to  all  amateurs.  The  liberal  prizes  offered 
by  the  club  have  at  times  brought  to  Boston  some  of  the  best  amateur  ath- 
letes. The  club  is  negotiating  for  a  piece  of  land,  which  it  hopes  to  have 
ready  for  the  coming  season.  It  has  heretofore  used  the  Boston  Base-Ball 
Club  grounds.  Its  headquarters  are  in  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Union 
building:  and  its  officers  are  William  M.  Olin,  president;  H.  M.  Howard, 
secretary  •  and  P.  F.  Ferris,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee. 

The  Lacrosse  Club  is  a  part  of  the  Union  Athletic  Club,  and  was 
formed  in  1878.  It  won  the  cup  offered  by  the  city  of  Boston,  to  be  com- 
peted for  by  the  Ravenwoods  of  Brooklyn 
and  this  club.  At  the  expense  of  this  club, 
the  Indian  Team  of  Montreal  played  in 
Boston,  and  showed  to  great  advantage  the 
Lacrosse  game,  which  is  destined  to  become 
quite  popular. 

The  Boston  Turnverein  was  organized 
in  1849,  ancl  incorporated  in  1871.  The  so- 
ciety, comprising  about  375  members,  almost 
all  Germans,  owns  the  Turnhalle  on  Middle- 
sex Street.  The  building,  which  was  erected 
in  1876,  cost,  with  the  land,  $65,000.  It 
contains  a  thoroughly-equipped  gymnasium  ; 
billiard-rooms  ;  bowling-alleys  ;  a  hall  having 
a  seating-capacity  of  500,  and  a  stage  for 
private  theatricals,  concerts,  and  other  en- 
tertainments :  a  reading-room,  with  library 
of  1,000  volumes;  and  restaurant,  parlors, 
and  reception-rooms.  The  Turnverein  is 
partly  a  benevolent  organization.  Its  dues 
are  :  for  active  members  $9.00  a  year,  which 
entitles  the  member  to  a  weekly  payment  of 
$5.00  in  case  of  sickness ;  and  for  passive 
members  $6.00  a  year.  The  society  also 
issues  a  small  weekly  periodical,  called  the 
"  Turner-Zeitung."  The  president  is  Charles  Dellit ;  the  treasurer,  Julius 
Meyer ;  the  recording  secretary,  Henry  Pelkus. 


Turnhalle,   Middlesex  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


239 


Secret  Societies  are  also  numerous  and  strong  in  Boston.  There  arc- 
Masonic  societies,  the  Knights  Templars,  the  Odd  Fellows,  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  the  Knights  of  Honor,  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Good  Templars,  the  Templars  of  Honor,  the  German 
Order  of  Harugari,  the  Sovereigns  of  Industry,  the  United  American  Me- 
chanics, the  Independent  Order  of  Foresters,  the  Order  of  Alfredians,  and 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

The  Masonic  Temple,  in  which  are  gathered  the  majority  of  the  several 
Masonic  organizations  in  the  city,  and  which  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
grand  lodge,  is  an  elegant  and  imposing  granite  building,  on  the  corner  of 
Tremont  and  Boylston  Streets,  with  octagonal  towers  rising  to  the  height 
of  1 20  feet,  while  the  height  of  the  building  proper  is  90  feet.  The  Tre- 
mont-street  front  is  85  feet  wide.  The  entire  building,  with  the  exception  of 
the  street  and  basement  floors. 
is  occupied  by  the  Masonic  or- 
ganizations. It  is  seven  sto- 
ries high.  It  has  three  large 
halls  for  meetings,  furnished 
one  in  the  Corinthian,  one  in 
the  Egyptian,  and  the  third 
in  the  Gothic  styles.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  on  St. 
John's  Day,  June  22,  1867. 
with  imposing  ceremonies, 
and  one  of  the  largest  of 
Masonic  street-processions. 
President  Johnson  was  pres- 
ent on  the  occasion,  a  con- 
spicuous figure  in  the  parade. 
The  Masons,  before  the  build- 
ing of  the  present  Temple, 
occupied  as  headquarters  a 
building  on  the  site  of  the 
present  building,  which,  to- 
gether   with     the    Winthrop 


Masonic  Temple,  Tremont  Street. 


House  adjoining  it,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1864.  At  an  earlier  period 
the  building  now  used  as  the  United  States  Court  House,  on  Tremont  Street, 
corner  of  Temple  Place,  was  the  Masonic  headquarters. 

The  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  is  an  elegant  and  imposing  building  completed  in 
1872.  Its  situation  is  an  admirable  one,  to  show  its  architectural  design  to 
the  best  advantage,  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Berkeley  Streets,  both  of 
which  are  wide  streets.     It  covers   12,000  square  feet  of  land,  and  is  con- 


240 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


structed  of  Concord  and  Hallo  well  white  granite.  It  is  four  stories  high. 
The  street  floor  and  basement  are  occupied  by  stores.  The  largest  halls 
are  in  the  fourth  story,  one  54  by  94  feet,  and  25  feet  high  in  the  clear  ;  and 
the  other  a  banquet-hall,  26  by  no  feet;  both  these  halls  are  provided  with 
ample  ante-rooms.  Other  halls  in  the  spacious  building  are  the  encamp- 
ment-hall in  the  roof;  the  lodge-halls,  with  ante-rooms  and  side-rooms,  and 
the  grand-lodge  office  and  grand  master's  private  room,  all  in  the  third 
story.  The  grand  entrance  is  from  Tremont  Street.  In  the  second  story 
is  the  large  hall,  and  also  numerous  offices  from  which  rent  is  received ; 
so  that,  with  what  is  received  from  renting  the  stores,  offices,  and  hall,  the 


Odd   Fellows'  Hall,  Tremont  Street. 

revenue  from  the  building  is  good.  This  building  was  built  by  the  Odd 
Fellows'  Hall  Association,  which  was  incorporated  in  1870.  The  money 
was  raised  at  once,  the  site  purchased,  and  in  the  summer  of  1871  the 
corner-stone  was  laid,  with  the  customary  ceremony,  and  the  event  was  duly 
celebrated.  In  the  Charlestown  district  there  is  a  commodious  Odd  Fellows' 
Hall  at  No.  25  Main  Street;  in  the  Highland  district,  at  No.  2,298  Washing- 
ton Street;  and  in  the  West-Roxbury  district,  on  Green,  corner  of  Boylston 
Street,  Jamaica  Plain. 

The  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  is  a  secret  semi-military  organization, 
composed  exclusively  of  honorably  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors  who 
served  in  the  army  and  navy  during  the  civil  war.  It  is  organized  into 
posts,  State  departments,  and  a  national  encampment;  and  its  objects  are 
to  perpetuate  the  fraternity  and  comradeship  formed  in  the  camp  and  on  the 
battle-field,  to  care  for  the  needy  and  destitute  and  the  widows  and  orphans 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  241 

of  those  who  fell,  and  to  cultivate  a  spirit  of  unswerving  loyalty  to  the 
national  government.  In  the  State  there  are  130  posts,  which  annually 
disburse  over  $34,000  in  relief,  the  greater  part  to  persons  not  belonging  to 
the  order.  The  headquarters  of  the  Massachusetts  department  is  at  53 
Tremont  Street.  Gen.  Horace  Binney  Sargent  is  department  commander: 
James  F.  Meech,  who  succeeded  Henry  B.  Peirce  when  the  latter  was 
elected  secretary  of  State  of  Massachusetts,  assistant-adjutant-general ; 
Theodore  L.  Kelly  of  Post  15,  assistant-inspector-general.  Twelve  posts 
are  chartered  in  Boston,  which  bear  the  names  of  distinguished  soldiers  and 
patriots,  and  are  styled  in  Grand  Army  circles,  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post 
7,  John  A.  Andrew  Post  15,  etc. 

The  Militia  of  Massachusetts  was  wholly  re-organized  under  the  law  of 
1878,  and  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  most  efficient  military  organizations  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  divided  into  two  brigades,  both  of  which  have  their 
headquarters  in  Boston,  —  the  first  brigade,  Brig.-Gen.  Hobart  Moore,  at 
Boylston  Hall ;  and  the  second  brigade,  Brig.-Gen.  Eben  Sutton,  at  5^  Bea- 
con Street.  The  Boston  organizations  belonging  to  the  first  brigade  are ; 
Cos.  A,  D,  C,  K,  and  L  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Lieut. -Col. 
Nathaniel  Wales,  headquarters  608  Washington  Street ;  Co.  L,  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, armory  3  North  Russell  Street.  The  Boston  organizations  belonging 
to  the  second  brigade  are :  Battery  A,  Light  Artillery,  Capt.  Nathan  Apple- 
ton,  headquarters  corner  of  Harrison  Avenue  and  Wareham  Street ;  the  First 
Battalion  of  Cavalry,  Major  Dexter  H.  Follett,  headquarters  37  Tremont 
Street;  Cos.  A,  H,  and  G  of  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  Ezra  J. 
Trull,  headquarters  82  Main  Street,  Charlestown  district ;  Cos.  A,  B,  C,  D, 
E,  G,  and  H  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  headquarters  61  Court 
Street.  The  whole  militia  of  Massachusetts,  under  the  new  law,  is  limited 
to  sixty  companies  of  infantry,  three  of  cavalry,  three  of  light  artillery,  and 
two  corps  of  cadets.  The  First  Corps  of  Cadets,  until  recently  the  Inde- 
pendent Corps  of  Cadets,  Lieut.-Col.  Thomas  F.  Edmands,  headquarters  94 
Tremont  Street,  was  organized  in  1741,  and  has  always  been  the  body-guard 
of  his  Excellency  the  Governor.  The  National  Lancers,  a  famous  cavalry 
organization,  now  belongs  to  the  First  Battalion  of  Cavalry,  which  also  in- 
cludes the  Roxbury  Horse  Guards.  The  Boston  School  Regiment  com- 
prises the  boys  of  the  several  public  Latin  and  high  schools.  There  is  a 
corps  of  cadets  connected  with  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology, 
military  drill  being  obligatory  upon  the  lowest  class.  The  boys  of  the 
Chauncy-Hall  School  have  an  efficient  military  organization. 

The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company  is  the  oldest  military 
organization  in  the  United  States.  It  was  formed  in  1638  as  "  The  Military 
Company  of  Boston."  In  1657  it  was  recognized  as  an  artillery  company, 
The  title  "  Ancient  and  Honorable  "  first  occurs  in  the  records,  September. 


242  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

1700.  The  "  Honorable"  was  assumed  from  the  circumstance  that  its  cap- 
tains had  belonged  to  the  Honorable  Artillery  Company  of  London.  The 
company  dispersed  during  the  Revolution,  but  was  revived  in  1789.  The 
"  election  sermon  "  has  annually  been  preached  before  the  company,  since 
1639,  ^h  the  exception  of  five  years  during  Andros's  government.  For 
many  years  it  has  been  the  annual  custom  of  the  governor  to  personally 
commission  the  officers  on  the  Common.  The  company  no  longer  belongs 
to  the  militia,  and  is  now  more  of  a  social  than  a  military  organization.  The 
members  still  retain  their  ancient  privilege  of  exemption  from  jury-duty,  —  a 
feature  which  induces  many  business  men  to  become  members  of  this  com- 
pany. The  headquarters  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorables  are  in  Faneuil 
Hall. 

There  are  other  clubs  and  many  societies  or  gatherings  for  social,  reli- 
gious, educational,  and  divers  purposes,  some  of  which  will  be  noticed  in 
other  chapters. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


243 


®ije  Insurance  ©fftces, 

LIFE,    FIRE,    MARINE,    ACCIDENT,    AND   OTHER   INSURANCE 

COMPANIES. 


TO  the  insurance  companies  Boston  is  greatly  indebted,  not  only  for  the 
protection  afforded  her  commercial  interests  and  the  aid  rendered 
widows  and  orphans,  but  also  for  several  of  the  finest  edifices  in  this  country. 
And  probably  no  class  of  edifices  attract  more  attention,  or  cause  deeper 
interest  to  the  thoughtful  mind,  than  the  various  insurance  offices,  the  archi- 
tectural beauty  of  which  is  simply  the  outward  show  of  the  grand  success 
that  has  attended  the  institutions  in  carrying  on  their  humane  work  on  sound 
and  healthy  principles  of  insurance.  The  close  margins  on  which  business 
in  general  is  now  conducted  do  not  allow  the  individual  to  hazard  his  person 
or  his  property  to  any  possible  loss  without  taking  some  additional  protec- 
tion. And  therefore  we  have  insurance  providing  for  loss  caused  not  only 
by  death,  by  fire,  and  by  the  perils  of  navigation,  but  also  by  sickness,  by 
bodily  injuries,  by  explosion  of  steam-boilers,  by  the  breakage  of  plate-glass 
windows,  by  lightning,  and  by  burglary.  The  various  insurance  companies 
having  become  quite  numerous,  the  Commonwealth  in  1855  assumed  critical 
supervision  over  them,  and  created  the  insurance  department,  from  whose 
23d  annual  report  (for  1878)  we  find  that  253  insurance  companies  are  au- 
thorized to  do  business  in  Massachusetts,  nearly  all  of  them  represented  in 
Boston.  The  following  interesting  table  is  compiled  from  the  reports  of 
Samuel  H.  Rhodes,  who  has  been  the  insurance  commissioner  since  1874  :  — 


No. 


Classification. 


Gross  Assets 
Jan.  1,  1878. 


Income 
1877. 


Risks  written 
1877. 


Losses  paid 
1877. 


7 
54 


25 
6 


in 
26 
17 


253 


MassacJuisetts  Companies, — 
Mutual  marine  and  fire-marine 
Mutual  fire  (3  having  guaran- 
tee capital) 

Mutual  boiler 

Joint-stock  fire  and  marine  .     . 
Life 

Non-Massachusetts  Co.'s, — 
Fire  and  marine,  other  States 
Life  of  other  States  .... 
U.S.  branches  of  foreign  Co.'s 

Plate-glass 

Accident 

Steam-boiler 

Casualty 


Totals $541,665,478 


$4,245,159 

5,724,164 

2,445 
13,195,886 
30,353,3i8 

112,077,565 

357,269,068 

16,606,625 

223,635 

1,554,937 
285,711 
126,965 


$1,216,238 

2,243,043 

4,38i 

4,994,234 

5,789,813 

49,621,630 

77,296,852 

12,294,954 

77,867 

895,137 
179,622 

36,335 


$65,384,509 

178,400,701 

600,700 

400,691,535 

15,384,692 

4,888,855,586 

154,953,564 

1,452,945,088 

2,297,960 

1  107,535,083 

13,482,149 

10,258,162 


$785,589 

603,875 
None. 

2,957,375 
1,403,411 

26,161,329 
17,920,035 

5,74^379 
24,780 

345,382 
3,466 
4,857 


$154,650,106     $7,290,789,729  J    $55,951,478 


1    Only  one  reporting. 


244  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

These  figures  will  probably  show,  even  to  the  casual  observer,  the 
formidable  insurance  interest  represented  in  Boston. 

Life-insurance  in  America  virtually  gained  its  foothold  in  Boston;  for 
the  first  statistics  gathered  that  were  ultimately  used  as  its  basis  was  a  com- 
plete table  of  American  life,  framed  in  1789  by  Prof.  Edward  Wigglesworth 
of  Harvard  College.  This  table  was  subsequently  adopted  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts  as  a  rule  in  estimating  the  value  of  life-estates.  In 
181 1  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  was  established;  and  the  mana- 
gers were  authorized  to  grant  annuities ;  which  was  done  until  an  arrange- 
ment was  made  in  1823  with  the  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-Insurance 
Company,  chartered  in  181 8,  to  which  the  business  of  granting  annuities 
was  transferred  on  a  royalty  for  the  hospital  of  one-third  the  net  profits  of 
the  new  company.  In  1823  Phillips's  "  Law  of  Life  Insurance,"  the  first 
American  work  of  its  kind,  was  published  in  Boston.  The  New-England 
Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  was  the  second  company  to  obtain  a  charter 
from  the  Commonwealth;  and,  although  chartered  in  1835,  it  c^d  not  begin 
business  for  several  years  afterwards,  as  it  was  hindered  by  the  hard  times, 
and  encumbered  with  the  royalty  which  was  required  of  all  life-insurance 
companies,  of  one-third  the  profits  to  the  hospital.  In  1844  the  State 
Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  of  Worcester  was  incorporated.  In  1846 
the  law  regarding  payment  to  the  hospital  was  construed  to  require  only 
one-third  of  the  net  profits  after  the  payment  of  a  six-per-cent  dividend  to 
the  stockholders  ;  and  since  that  time  four  life-insurance  companies  have 
been  chartered  by  the  State.  To  the  credit  of  the  Commonwealth  it  can 
be  said,  that  none  of  the  life-insurance  companies  chartered  by  it  have  ever 
failed  or  discontinued.  Although  it  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  work  to 
consider  the  many  laws  that  have  been  enacted  relative  to  insurance,  it  cer- 
tainly is  pardonable  to  mention  the  "non-forfeiture  law,"  which,  enacted  in 
1 861,  provides  that  life-insurance  companies  shall  continue  their  policies  in 
force  until  all  premiums  that  have  been  paid  are  wholly  exhausted,  whether 
the  assured  pays  his  annual  premium  or  not.  This  law,  binding  only  upon 
the  Massachusetts  companies,  removes  one  of  the  former  inequities  of  life- 
insurance. 

The  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-insurance  Company,  referred  to  above, 
is  still  in  successful  operation ;  but  its  business  is  chiefly  confined  to  trusts 
and  annuities,  and,  in  fact,  it  transacts  no  life-insurance  business  in  its 
modern  forms.  The  office  of  the  company  is  at  No.  50  State  Street;  and 
its  officers  are  Peter  C.  Brooks  president,  Samuel  C.  Cobb  actuary,  J.  C. 
Braman  secretary.  Its  paid-up  capital  is  $500,000;  and  its  gross  assets, 
including  its  trust-funds,  are  nearly  $16,000,000.  The  company  during  the 
past  half-century  has  paid  the  hospital  a  large  amount  of  money.  Nathaniel 
Bowditch,  the  first  actuary,  and  in  fact  the  originator  of  the  company,  re- 
mained in  its  service  for  many  vears. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  245 

The  New-England  Mutual  Life  of  Boston  was  the  first  company  char- 
tered in  America,  to  do  a  life-insurance  business  in  its  modern  forms : 
and  its  career  from  the  beginning  has  been  one  of  continued  prosperity. 
The  company  began  with  a  cash  capital  of  $50,000,  being  50  per  cent  of  a 
guarantee  capital  that  was  withdrawn  in  1853;  and  to-day  its  cash  assets 
amount  to  $15,000,000.  In  1877  its  income  was  $2,862,282;  and  its  disburse- 
ments were  $2,511,434.14,  of  which  $2,128,473.93  was  paid  to  policy-holders 
for  losses,  distributions  of  surplus,  and  cancelled  policies.  From  these 
figures  it  is  seen  that  the  New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company, 
both  by  virtue  of  its  assets  and  the  extent  of  its  operations,  is  one  of  the 
largest  corporations  of  New  England.  Its  remarkable  success  is  due  to 
several  causes,  but  especially  to  its  policy  of  management.  Competent  men 
are  carefully  chosen  for  officers  and  employes,  and  then  they  are  retained 
by  the  company.  The  first  president,  Willard  Phillips,  —  an  author  of  sev- 
eral standard  insurance  works,  —  served  for  23  years.  His  successor  is 
Benjamin  F.  Stevens,  who  has  been  president  for  the  past  12  years,  and  had 
previously  been  secretary  for  17  years  and  vice-president  for  2  years.  Mr. 
Stevens  has  therefore  been  connected  with  this  company  for  31  consecutive 
years,  and  his  term  of  service  for  one  insurance  company  is  longer  than  that 
of  any  other  life-insurance  officer  in  America.  The  first  secretary  held  the 
office  for  4  years ;  the  second,  Mr.  Stevens,  for  17  years;  and  the  present 
secretary,  Joseph  M.  Gibbens,  was  elected  14  years  ago,  after  a  previous 
connection  with  this  company  of  15  years.  The  benefits  of  the  "non-forfeit- 
ure law  "were  applied  by  vote  of  the  directors  to  all  the  policies  of  this 
company  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  enactment  of  the  law.  The  former 
building  of  the  company,  on  the  corner  of  State  and  Congress  Streets,  was 
purchased  by  the  city  for  the  purpose  of  widening  Congress  Street.  In  1874 
the  company  erected,  on  Post-office  Square,  its  present  building,  which, 
together  with  the  adjoining  building,  forms  the  handsomest  block  in  New 
England.  The  facades,  in  the  Renaissance  style,  are  of  granite,  five  stories 
high,  and  are  surmounted  with^an  iron  roof  containing  two  stories.  The 
frontage  is  50  feet  on  Post-office  Square,  181  on  Congress  Street,  69  feet  in 
the  rear,  and  68  feet  in  an  area.  The  floor  surface  is  10,257  square  feet.  All 
floors  and  the  roof  are  constructed  of  iron  beams  and  brick  arches,  and 
there  are  22  large  burglar  and  fire  proof  safes  in  the  building.  The  first 
floor  has  three  wide  entrances,  —  one  on  Post-office  Square,  and  two  on 
Congress  Street,  —  with  spacious  halls  leading  to  a  wide  and  easy  stair- 
way. On  this  floor  are  five  large  banking-rooms,  all  occupied  at  present. 
On  the  second  floor  are  the  company's  offices,  amply  provided  with  all  the 
conveniences  necessary  to  conduct  its  extensive  and  increasing  business. 
The  other  stories  are  divided  into  offices,  some  of  the  choicest  in  the  city. 
The  rooms  and  floors  are  provided  with  electric  bells  and  speaking-tubes 


246  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

for  communication  to  and  from  all  parts  of  the  building.  The  elevator  is 
run,  and  the  heating  apparatus  supplied,  with  steam  from  boilers  placed,  for 
additional  security,  under  an  area  away  from  the  building.  The  architect 
was  Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee.  Among  the  many  occupants  are  the  Everett 
National  Bank,  of  which  Warren  Sawyer  is  president;  and  the  Locke  Regu- 
lator Company,  Almond  F.  Nason,  president,  manufacturers  of  pressure 
regulators  for  steam  and  water.  The  American  Bank  Note  Company, 
several  specimens  of  whose  work  are  to  be  found  in  this  book,  have  their 
office,  designing,  engraving,  and  printing  rooms,  in  this  building.  The 
company  have  been  tenants  of  the  New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance 
Company  for  the  past  21  years.  The  manager  of  the  business  is  Benjamin 
C.  Leonard.  On  the  upper  floors  Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.  have  rooms  containing 
their  geometric  lathes  used  in  engraving  steel  plates  for  railroad  tickets. 

On  the  first  floor  Mercer  &  Whittemore,  insurance-agents,  occupy  an 
office  fronting  on  Post-office  Square.  The  firm  represent  the  Queen  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Liverpool  and  London,  Eng.,  and  the  ^tna  Insurance 
Company  of  Hartford,  Conn.  The  Queen  paid  in  full  its  losses  in  the  Great 
Fire  of  1872,  amounting  to  more  than  $800,000.  Its  gross  assets  to-day 
exceed  $4,000,000 :  and  the  assets  of  the  United  States  branch  alone  exceed 
$1,500,000.  The  ^Etna  is  one  of  the  companies,  that,  many  years  ago,  laid 
the  foundation  of  the  reputation  of  Hartford  as  an  insurance  centre.  It  has 
paid  over  $42,000,000  for  losses,  of  which  $1,600,000  was  for  losses  in  the 
Great  Fire  of  1872.  It  is  the  second  oldest  insurance  company  in  Connecti- 
cut, and  the  largest,  in  amount  of  assets  and  extent  of  business,  of  the  fire- 
insurance  companies  of  America.     Its  assets  are  nearly  $7,000,000. 

The  entire  basement  was  constructed  expressly  for,  and  is  now  occupied 
by,  the  Boston  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company,  referred  to  elsewhere. 

The  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company  of  Boston  was 
chartered  in  1861,  as  the  exponent  of  the  Massachusetts  non-forfeiture  law, 
and  was  the  first  company  to  pay  a  loss  under  that  law,  which  compels  the 
continuance  of  a  policy  in  force  until  the  policy-holder  has  received  the  full 
benefits  of  the  premiums  paid  by  him.  The  assets  of  the  company  approach 
$3,000,000,  and  the  gross  payments  to  policy-holders  amount  to  more  than 
$4,000,000.  Notwithstanding  the  general  depression,  a  larger  business  was 
done  in  1877  than  in  any  year  preceding  since  1872;  the  actual  increase  in 
amount  at  risk  being  $383,100.  During  the  same  year  the  company  intro- 
duced the  "  Industrial  Plan,"  the  object  of  which  is  to  present  to  the  labor- 
ing and  industrial  classes  a  form  of  insurance  within  their  reach,  that  they 
may  be  benefited  to  an  extent  within  their  ability  to  pay.  The  plan  has 
received  the  indorsement  of  insurance  experts  and  the  press.  This  com- 
pany, through  its  by-laws,  requires  the  policy-holders,  with  the  aid  of  ex- 
perts, to  examine  its  condition  at  least  once   each  year.     During  the  past 


a*«  «u_ 


Albcrtjpe. —  Forbes  Co.,  Bosto 
Building  of  the 
NEW-ENGLAND    MUTUAL    LIFE    INSURANCE    CO., 
Post-Office    Square,    Eoston. 


Ben\.  F.  Stevens,  President. 


Joseph  M    Gibbens    Secretary. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  247 

four  years  twenty  different  persons  not  connected  with  the  management  of 
the  company  have  made  such  examinations.  The  president,  George  Thorn- 
ton, elected  in  1874,  was  for  12  years  connected  with  the  Mutual  Benefit 
Life-insurance  Company  of  New  Jersey;  and  the  secretary,  George  B. 
Woodward,  was  for  6  years  connected  with  the  New-England  Mutual  Life- 
insurance  Company  of  Boston.  The  insurance  department  says  that  there 
is  no  American  life-insurance  company  making  more  rapid  progress  to-day 
than  the  John  Hancock  Life-Insurance  Company.  The  office  is  in  Sears 
Building,  corner  Court  and  Washington  Streets. 

The  Mutual  Life  of  New  York,  which  was  the  first  life-insurance  com- 
pany to  begin  operations  in  the  United  States,  is  to-day  the  largest  moneyed 
institution  in  America,  and  the  largest  corporation  in  the  world.  The  com- 
pany's assets  are  $15,000,000  larger  than  those  of  the  Bank  of  England.  Its 
gross  assets  are  nearly  $90,000,000,  and  it  has  paid  to  policy-holders  the  enor- 
mous sum  of  $121,146,559.  As  it  was  organized  in  1843,  these  payments  are 
at  the  rate  of  $3,461,330  per  year,  $288,444  Per  month,  $66,564  per  week, 
and  $9,509  per  day,  holidays  and  Sundays  included.  The  number  of  policies 
in  force  Dec.  31,  1877,  was  91,553;  and  the  amount  of  insurance  covered 
by  them  was  nearly  $300,000,000.  The  income  for  1877  was  $18,912,461. 
These  figures  barely  convey  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  Mutual  Life 
Company  or  its  operations  ;  but  they  do  show  that  the  company  is  justly 
entitled  to  own  the  most  elegant  structures  in  which  to  transact  its  busi- 
ness. Buildings  had  been  erected  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia;  and  it  was 
thought  advisable  to  erect  one  in  Boston  that  would  not  only  suitably  accom- 
modate its  extensive  New-England  business,  but  also  prove  a  profitable 
investment.  Accordingly,  one  of  the  most  eligible  sites  was  selected;  and 
now  the  building  stands  on  Milk  Street,  majestically  fronting  Post-office 
Square.  From  almost  every  part  of  the  city  and  harbor,  its  marble  tower, 
with  gilded  balcony,  can  be  seen  as  an  architectural  monument  of  the  com- 
pany's success,  that  was  achieved  by  honesty,  industry,  economy,  and  ability. 
This  superb  white-marble  edifice  is  said  to  be  the  finest  and  most  complete 
building  of  its  kind  on  this  continent,  and,  together  with  the  adjoining  build- 
ing, makes  unquestionably  the  handsomest  and  most  imposing  block  in 
New  England.  To  enter  into  the  details  of  its  construction  would  require 
more  space  than  can  be  allotted  here.  The  total  height  of  the  tower, 
the  gilded  crests,  and  the  iron  flagstaff,  is  234  feet.  From  the  balcony, 
198  ft.  6  in.  above  the  sidewalk,  can  be  obtained  the  best  possible  view 
of  Boston  and  its  surroundings.  The  clock  is  an  interesting  feature.  It 
has  four  dials,  each  10  ft.  6  in.  in  diameter ;  and  the  hands  are  5  ft.  3  in.  long. 
The  striking-hammer  weighs  150  lbs.,  and  the  bell  3,700  lbs.  The  clock 
pendulum  is  15  feet  long;  and  the  three  immense  weights,  of  2,500  lbs., 
together  with  their  chains,  extend  45  feet  below  the  dials.     The  winding  up 


248 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


of  the  clock,  every  eighth  day,  requires  two  stout  men,  who  laboriously  turn 
a  crank  241  times  for  each  weight.  The  building  is  strictly  fireproof,  and 
contains  seven  floors,  including  the  basement.     Among  the  occupants  of  the 

first  floor  is  the  Bos- 
ton National  Bank, 
of  which  Charles  B. 
Hall  is  president. 
This  bank  has  a  cash 
capital  of  $1,000,000, 
and  is  the  United 
States  Depository. 
On  the  second  floor 
is  the  elegant  office 
of  Amos  D.  Smith, 
3d,  the  general  agent 
for  Massachusetts  of 
the  Mutual  Life.  For 
the  past  fifteen  years 
Mr.  Smith  has  been 
connected  with  this 
company,  and  by  his 
own  indefatigable  ex- 
ertions has  built  up 
by  far  the  largest 
life-insurance  agency 
business  in  this 
State  ;  and,  by  rea- 
son of  his  remarka- 
ble success,  his  name 
is  imperishably  re- 
corded in  the  annals 
of  life-insurance  in 
New  England.  A- 
mong  the  other  oc- 
cupants can  be  men- 
tioned the  Piedmont 
Air  Line,  Waldo  A. 
Pearce,     New  -  Eng- 


Mutual   Life-insurance  Co's.   building,    Post-office   Square 


land    Agent  ;     Pre's- 
\   infallible   yeast-powder, 


ton  &  Merrill,  a  firm  established   in    1845,    vyl 

sugar-of-lemons,   and    flavoring  extracts   are    known  all   over  the    country  ; 

George  L.  Roberts  &  Brothers,  advocates  in  patent  causes  before  the  United 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


249 


States  courts ;  and  William  T.  Brigham,  counsellor-at-law  and  notary  public. 
Frederick  S.  Winston  has  been  the  president  of  the  Mutual  Life-Insurance 
Company  for  the  past  25  years,  and  has  financiered  the  institution,  from  the 
time  when  it  had  only  $2,500,000,  until  it  has  accumulated  the  colossal  sum 
of  nearly  $90,000,000.  The  company's  success,  attained  under  the  sagacious 
management  of  Mr.  Winston,  is  incomparable  with  that  of  any  corporation 
in  the  world,  in  ancient  or  modern  times.  The  Mutual  Life,  as  its  name 
suggests,  is  purely  mutual.  Ex-Gov.  A.  H.  Rice  and  George  C.  Richardson 
are  the  Boston  trustees ;  and  to  them  the  Boston  people  are  greatly  indebted 
for  the  magnificent  structure  above  mentioned. 

The  Equitable  Life-Assurance   Society  of   New   York    has  erected,  on 

the  corner  of  Milk 
and  Devonshire 
Streets,  one  of  the 
grandest  and  most 
substantial  busi- 
ness edifices  in  this 
country.  It  is  one 
of  the  most-fre- 
quented places  in 
the  city.  The  three 
comfortable  eleva- 
tors, incased  in 
brick  walls,  carry 
up  and  down  about 
3,000  persons  every 
day,  while  the 
Equitable  Safe  De- 
posit Vaults  in  the 
basement,  and  the 
several  leading- 

banks  on  the  first 
floor,  cause  thou- 
sands of  persons  to 
enter  the  building 
daily.  On  the  up- 
per floors  are  the 
offices  of  several 
great  railroad  com- 

Equitable   Life-Assurance  Society's  Building,  Milk   Street.  .  . 

panies, — the  Union 
Pacific,  the  Atchison,  Topeka,  and  Santa  Fe,  the  Boston,  Hoosac  Tunnel, 
and  Western  Railway,  and  the  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith;  the  offices  of 


250  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  Boston  department  of  the  Equitable  Life-Assurance  Society,  the  work- 
ing-rooms of  the  signal-service,  and  the  commodious  apartments  of  the 
Whitney  Breakfast  and  Dining  Rooms.  The  entire  building  is  occupied 
by  many  of  the  wealthiest  corporations  and  individuals,  and  the  leading 
legal  firms  of  Boston.  From  the  roof,  which  is  freely  and  easily  acces- 
sible to  all,  can  be  obtained  one  of  the  most  picturesque  views  of  Boston 
and  its  surroundings.  On  the  roof  is  the  time-ball  that  is  dropped  by 
telegraph  from  the  Harvard  Observatory  every  day  at  12  o'clock,  and 
serves  as  regulator  for  the  timepieces  of  the  people  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  Old  South  clock  did  in  times  past.  On  the  whole,  this  building,  its 
interior  and  exterior,  is  one  of  the  sights  of  Boston  that  should  not  be 
neglected  by  any  one. 

The  Mutual  Benefit  Life-insurance  Co.,  of  Newark,  N.J.,  was  organized 
in  May,  1845,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest,  largest,  and  best  companies  in  the 
country.  It  is  now  in  the  thirty-fourth  year  of  a  uniformly  successful  busi- 
ness. It  is  purely  mutual,  having  no  guaranty  capital  or  stock.  Its  gross 
assets  are  about  $35,000,000.  This  company  has  more  than  $10,000,000 
at  risk  in  Massachusetts,  the  greater  portion  being  on  lives  of  citizens  of 
Boston.  It  has  been  represented  in  this  city  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and 
has  paid  losses  here  amounting  to  more  than  $2,300,000.  Its  total  receipts 
have  exceeded  $100,000,000.  The  president  is  Lewis  C.  Grover ;  and  the 
Boston  agent  is  James  B.  Niver,  whose  office  is  at  15  State  Street. 

Besides  the  companies  above  mentioned,  there  are  23  agencies  for  life- 
insurance  companies  organized  in  other  States,  and  3  agencies  for  companies 
chartered  by  this  State. 

Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  was  effected  in  Boston  as  far  back  certainly 
as  1724,  but  the  business  for  many  years  was  done  only  by  individuals.  The 
first  company  chartered  by  the  Commonwealth  was  the  Massachusetts  Fire 
and  Marine  Insurance  Company,  in  1795  ;  which  continued  until  1848,  when 
its  charter  was  revoked.  In  1798  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Fire-insurance 
Company,  and  in  1799  the  Boston  Insurance  Company,  were  chartered. 
During  the  present  century  the  formation  of  companies  has  been  constant. 
From  many  causes,  and  especially  the  Great  Fire  of  1872,  a  large  number  of 
the  fire  and  marine  companies  have  disappeared  from  the  surface.  For 
losses  in  that  fire,  $60,000,000  were  paid  by  the  insurance  companies  doing 
business  in  Boston.  Without  this  money  to  aid  in  the  rebuilding  of  the 
city  it  is  difficult  to  see  what  would  have  become  of  Boston.  To  the  fire- 
underwriters  also  is  due  the  formation  and  support  of  the  Boston  Protective 
Department  mentioned  in  another  chapter. 

Before  1872  most  of  the  fire-insurance  of  Boston  was  carried  by  the  local 
companies;    but  the  disastrous  results  of  "carrying  too  many  eggs  in  one 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  251 

basket "  showed  the  necessity  of  looking,  not  only  to  Boston,  but  to  the 
world,  for  capital  to  meet  the  calamities  that  can  befall  the  city  through 
extensive  conflagrations.  A  large  part  of  the  losses  by  the  Great  Fire  were 
paid  by  the  companies  of  other  States  and  countries  then  doing  business 
here  ;  and  for  that  reason  the  preference  over  local  companies  was  given 
them  by  insurers.  Since  then  a  large  number  of  companies,  some  from 
various  parts  of  Europe  and  North  America,  with  great  capitals,  have 
established  agencies  in  Massachusetts.  The  Great  Fire  made  another 
notable  change,  by  making  this  city  the  headquarters  for  New  England  of 
many  of  the  largest  foreign  and  American  companies  ;  and  their  trusted  and 
experienced  general  agents  and  adjusters  settled  here,  and  became  active 
citizens,  interested  equally  with  the  officers  of  the  local  companies  in  every 
thing  that  is  advantageous  to  Boston.  Many  of  these  men  have  joined  the 
ranks  of  the  local  agents.  The  insurance  agents  generally  are  men  of 
standing,  energy,  and  intelligence,  whose  persistency  in  conducting  their 
business  has  become  proverbial.  There  are  now  so  many  companies  and 
agencies  with  whom  parties  seeking  large  lines  of  insurance  would  have  to 
deal,  if  they  tried  to  effect  their  own  insurance,  that  the  necessity  of  having 
some  person  transact  the  business  of  the  assured  with  the  companies  has 
brought  forward  a  class  of  men  called  "  brokers."  These  seek  to  control 
the  insurance  of  firms,  and  to  divide  it  among  the  various  offices,  the  latter 
paying  them  commissions.  Their  duty  to  the  assured  is  to  see  that  the  poli- 
cies intended  to  cover  the  same  property  are  concurrent  and  correctly  worded, 
and  that  the  insurance  is  effected  in  reliable  companies  at  proper  rates. 

Many  agents  also  act  as  brokers,  and  take  care  of  the  full  line  of  insur- 
ance carried  by  their  patrons,  placing  in  other  agencies  whatever  they  cannot 
place  in  their  own.  In  the  "Boston  Directory"  for  1878  is  a  list  of  267 
"  insurance  agents,"  many  of  whom  do  partly  or  exclusively  a  brokerage 
business.  In  the  large  number  of  agents  in  Boston  there  is  probably  none 
more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  to  the  business  community  than 
John  C.  Paige.  Although  his  agency  was  established  since  the  Great  Fire, 
it  represents  a  greater  amount  of  insurance  capital  than  any  other  agency 
in  Boston,  and  includes  several  of  the  strongest  insurance  companies  in  the 
world,  and  such  as  the  Northern  Assurance  Company  of  London,  with  total 
resources  of  $25,225,596;  the  Imperial  Fire  of  London,  $12,270,091;  and 
the  Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia,  with  assets  of  $3,363,446.  These  com- 
panies, with  the  Standard  of  Trenton,  Hoffman  of  New  York,  and  Orient 
of  Hartford,  all  represented  at  this  agency,  have  total  assets  of  more  than 
$42,000,000.  Mr.  Paige  is  also  the  general  agent  for  New  England  of  the 
Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia;  and  by  his  able  management,  the  company 
has  built  up  the  large  and  profitable  business  to  which  it  is  entitled  by 
reason  of  its  sterling  worth.     The   amount  of  business   of  this  agency  is 


252  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

exceeded  by  that  of  only  a  few  in  Boston ;  and  the  office,  No.  7  Exchange 
Place,  is  in  the  centre  of  the  "  insurance  district,"  and  handsomely  and 
conveniently  furnished. 

The  Boston  companies,  whose  policies  are  now  sought  for  all  over  the 
country,  have  scattered  their  business  ;  and  what  they  lose  in  amount  by 
the  competition  on  local  business  they  more  than  regain  by  their  own  com- 
petition elsewhere.  The  wisdom  of  this  policy  must  be  plain ;  for  now,  in 
case  of  large  fires,  with  agencies  scattered  over  the  country,  the  companies, 
although  they  should  lose  their  whole  assets,  could,  possibly,  pay  their  losses 
as  fast  as  adjusted,  by  means  of  the  premiums  coming  in  from  other  parts. 

In  this  sketch  of  the  fire-insurance  business,  we  feel  justified  in  mention- 
ing Capt.  W.  B.  Sears,  whose  rank  stands  prominent  among  the  agents  and 
foremost  among  the  brokers  of  Boston.  His  agency  was  established  in 
1864,  after  his  return  from  three  years'  active  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  His  aptitude,  energy,  and  friendship  have  built  up  the  largest 
business  in  its  line  in  Boston.  His  business  includes  the  full  control  of 
the  whole  insurance  of  many  large  firms,  and  is  conducted  in  a  most  thor- 
oughly practical  and  systematic  manner.  His  name  is  familiar  to  the  people 
as  captain  of  the  Claflin  Guards,  whose  usefulness  and  efficiency  have  been 
frequently  acknowledged.  Capt.  Sears  was  also  one  of  the  active  charter- 
members  of  the  Boston  Protective  Department. 

The  Boston  Fire -Underwriters'  Union  was  formed  as  the  result  of  a 
combination  of  the  Board  of  Fire-insurance  Companies  and  the  Board  of 
Insurance  Agents  that  had  previously  existed.  Its  original  purpose  was  to 
establish  and  enforce  uniform  rates  of  premium ;  but  after  the  Great  Fire  of 
1872  it  influenced  the  introduction  of  many  fire-defences,  by  means  of  which 
both  the  old  and  the  new  sections  of  the  city  are  nfade  more  secure  against 
fire.  At  present  its  chief  work  is  to  gather  and  circulate  facts  of  all  kinds 
interesting  to  fire-underwriters.  Its  membership  includes  almost  all  agents 
and  local  companies.  The  president  is  B.  B.  Whittemore,  and  the  secretary 
Osborne  Howes,  jun.     The  office  is  at  54  Devonshire  Street. 

The  Boston  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters  was  organized  in  1850.  Its 
object  is  to  obtain  such  benefit  as  may  be  derived  from  consultations  on 
measures  of  general  interest,  and  from  concerted  action  where  such  action 
is  likely  to  promote  the  interests  of  its  members,  who  comprise  almost 
exclusively  the  Boston  insurance  companies  doing  marine  business.  It 
has  agents  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  from  whom  is  constantly  received 
information  regarding  vessels  in  trouble.  The  inspectors  of  the  board 
inspect  and  rate  all  vessels  that  arrive  at  this  port.  This  board  also  makes 
the  tariff  of  charges  for  marine  insurance.  The  Board  has  its  office  in  the 
Merchants'  Exchange  Building.  Isaac  Sweetser  is  president,  and  George 
H.  P^olger  secretary. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


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KING'S    HANDBOOK    QF   BOSTON.  259 


EJje  financial   Institutions, 

NATIONAL   AND   SAVINGS    BANKS,    BANKERS,    SAFE-DEPOSIT   AND 

TRUST   COMPANIES. 

THE  first  bank  in  America  was  established  in  Boston.  It  began 
a  three-years'  course  in  1686,  and  loaned  money  on  real  and  per- 
sonal estate  and  imperishable  merchandise.  The  second  American  bank 
was  opened  in  this  city  in  1 714.  It  issued  $400,000  of  scrip,  called  "mer- 
chants1 notes,"  which  sustained  a  good  credit  while  the  bank  passed  through 
its  short  career.  In  1740  "The  Land  Bank"  was  organized  by  700  or  800 
persons,  to  afford  relief  at  a  time  of  scarcity  of  specie.  The  "  Specie 
Bank  "  was  in  operation  at  the  same  time.  They  were  only  the  stepping- 
stones  to  the  solid  banks  that  were  founded  later. 

In  1782  a  branch  of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  a  Philadelphian  insti- 
tution, was  incorporated  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  This 
institution  was  a  signal  success,  and  after  it  were  modelled  many  banks 
organized  in  the  commercial  cities  of  the  United  States.  The  first  bank 
firmly  established  in  Boston,  and  the  second  in  America,  was  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bank,  chartered  in  1784.  From  that  time  the  history  of  the  finan- 
cial institutions  is  somewhat  voluminous,  and  we  shall  have  to  pass  on  to 
a  cursory  glance  at  those  of  to-day.  Boston  has  61  national  banks,  a  larger 
number  than  any  other  city  in  the  United  States.  They  have  a  total  cash 
capital  of  $53,150,000,  about  the  same  amount  as  the  total  capital  of  the 
New-York  City  national  banks.  Their  surplus,  Oct.  1,  1878,  amounted  to 
$11,343,351.  Thirty  banks  of  the  City  of  Boston  have  cash  capitals  of 
$1,000,000,  or  more,  each;  and  the  banks  of  no  other  city  in  the  world  can 
make  a  similar  showing.  The  banks  of  Boston  are  noted  for  their  con- 
servatism, and  also  for  their  large  proportion  of  capital  to  deposits. 

To  give  a  mere  outline  of  the  history  of  the  61  banks,  would  require  too 
much  space  for  a  work  of  this  kind.  A  complete  list  of  them  and  their 
officers  will  be  found  on  the  following  pages.  Prominent  among  the  great 
number  of  banks  in  Boston  noted  for  their  sound  financial  basis,  ranks  — 

The  Maverick  National  Bank,  combining  in  an  eminent  degree  the  ele- 
ments of  stability  and  of  enterprise.  For  25  years  it  has  had  identified 
with  it  many  of  the  leading  merchants  and  financiers  of  the  city.  Its  loca- 
tion in  the  elegant  Simmons  Building,  corner  of  Water  and  Congress  Streets, 
opposite  the  Post-office,  is  in  the  very  heart  of  the  business  section.     It  has 


260  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

most  conveniently  arranged  rooms  for  the  transaction  of  its  constantly  in- 
creasing business.  With  an  ample  capital,  and  a  large  surplus,  the  Maverick 
numbers  among  its  stockholders  many  original  owners  of  shares ;  and  its 
stock  stands  as  high  as  that  of  any  bank  in  New  England.  The  long  and 
faithful  service  of  its  officers  has  been  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  the  great 
success  of  the  Maverick.  Asa  P.  Potter,  the  president,  has  had  only  two 
predecessors  in  office.  Samuel  Phillips,  the  cashier  for  the  past  20  years, 
is  the  second  person  who  has  filled  that  position.  Josiah  O.  Bennett,  the 
assistant  cashier,  has  been  connected  with  the  bank  since  1871.  As  the 
Government  depositary  and  fiscal  agent,  this  bank  was  the  first  to  place  the 
new  four-per-cent  loan  before  the  people  of  New  England.  The  business 
•of  supplying  these  bonds  to  individuals  and  to  other  banks  is  so  great  that 
it  has  been  found  .necessary  to  establish  a  separate  department  for  the 
purpose ;  and  this  is  so  well  systematized  that  many  banks  buy  from  the 
Maverick  in  preference  to  buying  from  the  Treasury.  The  four-per-cents 
have  proved  very  popular  with  small  investors  ;  their  perfect  security,  fre- 
quent interest,  freedom  from  tax,  and  the  ease  with  which  they  can  be 
converted  into  cash,  being  great  inducements  to  cautious  purchasers,  while 
capitalists,  and  holders  of  trust-funds,  readily  invest  large  sums  in  these 
bonds.  All  other  Government  securities  are  also  bought  and  sold  by  this 
bank.  With  an  affable  and  expert  corps  of  assistants  to  aid  in  its  ener- 
getic management,  the  Maverick  National  Bank  merits  the  remarkable 
success  it  has  won,  and  is  justly  classed  as  one  of  the  soundest  financial 
institutions  in  the  United  States. 

The  Boston  Clearing-House  Association,  organized  in  1856,  is  the  sec- 
ond oldest  organization  of  its  kind  in  this  country.  The  banks  in  former 
times  were  compelled  to  send  messengers  from  one  bank  to  another  to 
collect  and  pay  drafts  and  checks;  and  in  so  doing  they  were  liable  to 
incur  great  losses  by  the  waylaying  of  messengers,  and  were  put  to  con- 
siderable needless  expense  and  trouble.  Nowadays  51  banks  send  their 
"  messengers  "  and  "  settling-clerks  "  at  ten  o'clock  every  morning  to  the 
third  floor  of  the  New-England  National  Bank  building,  65  State  Street, 
and  there  in  a  few  minutes,  without  danger  of  loss,  transact  the  whole 
business  that  would  otherwise  require  several  hours'  time  and  considerable 
risk.  The  "  losing  banks,"  as  those  are  called  which  bring  in  a  smaller 
amount  of  checks  on  other  banks  than  other  banks  bring  in  on  them,  are 
required  to  pay  before  12.15  o'clock  the  balances  due  by  them;  and  the 
"  gaining  banks  "  come  in  after  that  time  for  the  balances  due  them.  There 
are  also  23  banks  located  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston  that  make  their  clear- 
ances through  members  of  the  association.  The  great  work  that  is  accom- 
plished in  a  short  time  can  be  imagined  when  it  is  understood  that  about 
$7,000,000  change  hands  every  day.  The  president  is  James  H.  Beal,  and 
the  manager  is  N.  G.  Snelling. 


mAy^JK!SlK^[A^lSJi:ij^L  IHiV^LK, 


COR. OF   WATER  AND  CONGRESS  STR EETS . BOSTON. 


ASA  P  POTTEE    President 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  261 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  national  banks  of  Boston :  — 


Atlantic 

Atlas 

Blackstone 

Blue  Hill 

Boston    ...... 

Boylston 

Broadway 

Bunker  Hill      .     .     .     . 

Central 

Columbian 

Continental 

Eliot 

Everett 

Faneuil  Hall     .... 

First 

First  Ward 

Fourth 

Freeman's 

Globe 

Hamilton 

Howard 

Manufacturers'      .     .     . 

Market 

Massachusetts .... 

Maverick 

Mechanics' 

Merchandise     .     .     .     . 

Merchants' 

Metropolitan     .     .     .     . 

Monument 

Mount  Vernon  .  .  . 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Brighton  . 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Commerce 
Nat'l  Bank  Commonw'th 
Nat'l  Bank  N.  America  . 
Nat'l  Bank  Redemption . 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Republic  . 
National  City  .... 
National  Eagle  .  .  . 
National  Exchange  .  . 
Nat'l  Hide  and  Leather  . 
Nat'l  Market  of  Brighton 
National  Revere  . 
National  Rockland 
National  Security 
National  Union 
National  Webster 
New  England  . 
North  .  .  . 
Old  Boston  .  . 
Pacific 

People's  .     .     . 
Second     .     .     . 
Shawmut 
Shoe  and  Leather 
State   .... 
Suffolk     .     .     . 
Third  .     .     .     . 
Traders'  .     .     . 
Tremont  .     . 
Washington 


Kilby  and  Doane  Sts  , 

8  Sears  Building  .  . 
132  Hanover  Street  . 
Washington  St.Dorch. 
Mutual  Ufe  Building, 
616  Washington  St. 
150  Devonshire  Street, 
21  City  Sq.,  Ch'stovvn, 
121  Devonshire  Street, 
65  State  Street  .  .  . 
51  Summer  Street  . 
131  Devonshire  Street, 
N.-E.  Life  Building  . 
3  South  Market  St. 

17  State  Street    .     . 
1  Winthrop  Bl'k,  E.B. 
34  Blackstone  Street    . 
in  Summer  Street 
40  State  Street    .     . 
60  Devonshire  Street   . 
Congress  Street . 
88  Summer  Street   . 
86  State  Street    .     .      . 

60  Congress  Street 
50  Water  Street 

115  Dorchester  Ave.  . 
N.-E.  Life  Building  . 
28  State  Street  .  .  . 
57  Brattle  Street  .  . 
Thomps'nSq.Ch'st'  wn, 
13  Franklin  Street. 
Washingt'n  St.W'd  25, 

9  Sears  Building  . 
Devonshire  Street  . 
106  Franklin  Street 

85  Devonshire  Street    . 
3  Merchants'  Row  . 

61  State  Street  . 

16  Kilby  Street  .      .     . 
28  State  Street  .     . 
70  Federal  Street    .     . 
Wash'gt'n  St.Bright'n, 
100  Franklin  Street     . 
2343  Washington  St.  . 
79  Court  Street  . 
40  State  Street   .     . 
N.-E.  Life  Building     . 
67  State  Street    .     . 
109  Franklin  St. 
48  State  Street   .     . 
131  Devonshire  St. 
114  Dudley  Street  . 
199  Washington  St. 
60  Congress  Street . 
150  Devonshire  St. 
40  State  Street   .     . 
60  State  Street   .     . 
66  State  Street    .     .     . 
91  State  Street    . 
State  cor.  Congress  St. 
47  State  Street   .     .     . 


$750,000 

1,500,000 

1,500,000 

300,000 

1,000,000 

700,000 

200,000 

500,000 

500,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

400,000 

1 ,000.000 

1 ,000,000 

250,000 

200,000 

800,000 

1 ,000,000 

750,000 

1 ,000,000 

500,000 

800,000 

800,000 

400,000 

250,000 

750,000 

3,000,000 

200,000 

150,000 

200,000 

300,000 

2,000,000 

500,000 

i  ,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,500,000 

1 ,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,000,000 

1,500,000 

250,000 

1,500,000 

300,000 

200,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

900,000 

250,000 

300,000 

1,600,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

2,000,000 

1,500,000 

300,000 

600,000 

2,000,000 

750,000 


PRESIDENT. 


CASHIER. 


Isaac  Pratt,  jun. 
William  P.  Hunt. 
Joshua  Loring. 
E.  T.  Bispham. 
Charles  B.  Hall. 
Joseph  T.  Bailey. 
Axel  Dearborn. 
Edward  Lawrence. 
Charles  J.  Bishop. 
John  T.  Coolidge. 
Oliver  Ditson. 
Wm.  H.  Goodwin. 
Warren  Sawyer. 
Nathan  Robbins. 
Abraham  T.  Lowe. 
Chas.  R.  McLean. 
S.  F.  Woodbridge. 
John  H.  Rogers. 
W.  B.  Stevens. 
S.  S.  Blanchard. 
Reub.  E.  Demmon. 
Edward  Turner. 
Chas.  O.  Whitmore. 
Henry  A.  Rice. 
Asa  P.  Potter. 
Jas.  W.  Converse. 
Israel  G.  Whitney. 
Franklin  Haven. 
WalterS.  Blanchard 
James  O.  Curtis. 
Carmi  E.  King. 
C.  W.  Kingsley. 
Caleb  H.  Warner. 
E.  C.  Sherman. 
Isaac  T.  Burr. 
Wm.  D.  Forbes. 
H.  O.  Briggs. 
Charles  L.  Thayer. 
R.  S.  Covell. 
Ed.  L.  Tead. 
George  Ripley. 
Jacob  F.  Taylor. 
Geo.  S.  Bullens. 
Samuel  Little. 
Sam'l  A.  Carlton. 
Charles  L.  Young. 
Francis  Jaques. 
Thomas  Lamb. 
George  Whitney. 
H.  W.  Pickering. 
A.  I.  Benyon. 
Henry  Guild. 
James  H.  Beal. 
John  Cummings. 
Seth  Turner. 
A.  W.  Stetson. 
David  R.  Whitney 
P.  L.  Everett. 
Edward  Sands. 
William  Perkins. 
Eben  Bacon. 


James  T.  Drown. 
Charles  L.  Lane. 
James  Adams,  jun. 
S.  J.  Willis. 
James  H.  Bouve. 

D.  S.  Waterman. 

A.  Adams. 
Chas.R.  Lawrence. 
Louis  W.  Young. 
J.  M.  Gordon. 
Charles  F.  Smith. 
F.  Harrington. 
George  E.  Carr. 
T.  G.  HUer. 
John  Carr. 
George  B.  Ford. 
Frank  N.  Robbins. 

E.  S.  Hayward. 
Chas.  J.  Sprague. 
Geo.  W.  Newhall. 
S.  F.  Wilkins. 
Francis  E.  Seaver. 
Jonathan  Brown. 
H.K.Frothingham. 
Samuel  Phillips. 
Alvan  Simonds. 

J.  F.  R.  Foss. 
Geo.  R.  Chapman. 
George  H.  Davis. 
Warren  Sanger. 
D.  H.  Belknap. 

B.  S.  Fiske. 
George  W.  Harris. 
John  J.  Eddy. 
John  K.  Hall. 
Ed.  A.  Presbrey. 
Chas.  A.  Vialle. 
Chas.  C.  Barry. 
W.  G.  Brooks,  jun. 
J.  M.  Pettengill. 
Samuel  Carr,  jun. 
Ed.  P.  Wright. 
H.  Blasdale. 

R.  B.  Fairbairn. 
Charles  R.  Batt. 
A.  Trowbridge. 
Charles  L.  Riddle. 
Charles  F.  Swan. 
J.  B.  Witherbee. 
Fred.  L.  Church. 

F.  J.  Chick. 
George  C.  Leach. 
Ed.  C.  Brooks. 
James  P.  Stearns. 
Samuel  Carr. 

C.  B.  Patten. 
Edward  Tyler. 
Francis  B.  Sears. 
F.  S.  Davis. 
A.T.Frothingham. 
W.  H.  Bracket!. 


Sixty-one  National  Banks,  total  capital $53iI5°»000 


262  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  savings  banks  of  Boston  :  — 


PRESIDENT. 


Boston  Five  Cents  .  . 
Boston  Penny  .     .     .     . 

Brighton  Five  Cents  .     . 

Charlestown  Five  Cents 
East  Boston  .  .  .  . 
Eliot  Five  Cents   .     .     . 

Emigrant 

Franklin 

Home 


Institution  for  Savings  in  ) 
Roxbury  and  vicinity     J 

North  End 

Provident     

South  Boston 

Suffolk     .     .     ...     .     . 

Union  Inst,  for  Savings .     . 
Warren  Inst,  for  Savings    . 


38  School  Street  .... 
1 371  Washington  Street  . 
1  Wash'ton  St.,  c.  Chest- ) 
)  nut-Hill  ave.  Brighton,  ) 
Thompson  Sq.,  Cha'stown, 
16  Maverick  Square  .  . 
114  Dudley  Street  .  .  . 
590  Washington  Street .  . 
20  Boylston  Street  .  . 
Tremont,  cor.  Boylston  St. 

2343  Washington  Street     . 

57  Court  Street    .... 

36  Temple  Place  .... 
368  Broadway  .... 
47  and  49  Tremont  Street . 

37  Bedford  Street  .  .  . 
25  Main  St.,  Charlestown. 


Alonzo  H.  Evans. 
I  Eben  Howes. 


I  Horace  W.  Jordan. 

I  Phineas  J.  Stone. 
j  Phineas  M.  Crane. 
I  Wm.  C.  Appleton. 
Chas.  F.  Donnelly. 
j  Osmyn  Brewster. 
,  Henry  Smith. 

i  A.  D.  Hodges. 

I  Thomas  L.  Jenks. 
i  James  S.  Amory. 

George  E.  Alden. 

Thomas  Lamb. 
,  Jno.  C.  Crowley. 

James  Adams. 


TREASURER. 


Curtis  C.  Nichols. 
Henry  R.  Reynolds. 

Jacob  M.  Taylor. 

Amos  Stone. 
Albert  Bowker. 
George  C.  Leach. 
James  Havey. 
Henry  Whittemore. 
BrighamN.  Bullock, 

Edward  Richards. 

Geo.  C.  Trumbull. 
Charles  J.  Morrill. 
George  W.  Ellis. 
Charles  H.  Parker. 
George  F.  Emery. 
George  F.  Tufts. 


The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  Boston  bankers  and  brokers : 


Attwood,  Gilbert,  &Co.,  14  Merchants' Exchange. 
Bacon,  W.  B.,  New-England  agent,  Baring  Bros. 

&  Co.,  28  State  Street. 
Baldwin,  George  P.,  &  Co.,  40  Water  Street. 
Ballou,  George  Wm.,  &  Co.,  72  Devonshire  St. 
Bangs,  Elisha  D.,  &  Co.,  88  State  Street. 
Bates,  H.  M.,  &  Walley,  51  State  Street. 
Blake  Brothers  &  Co.,  28  State  Street. 
Bolles,  M.,  &  Co.,  70  State  Street. 
Brewster,  Basset,  &  Co.,  35  Congress  Street. 
Brown  Brothers  &  Co.,  66  State  Street. 
Brown,  Riley,  &  Co.,  9  Congress  Street. 
Chase,  R.  Gardner,  &  Co.,  158  Devonshire  Street. 
Corbin  Banking  Co.,  43  Milk  Street. 
Day,  R.  L.,  &  Co.,  14  Exchange  Place. 
Emery  &  Hodges,  28    State  Street. 
Fogg  Brothers  &  Co.,  96  Summer  Street. 
Foote  &  French,  7  Congress  Street. 
Fuller,  C.  E.,  &  Co.,  2  State  Street. 
Gilbert,  B.  W.,  64  Devonshire  Street. 
Gossler  &  Co.,  70  State  Street. 
Hall,  F.  A.,  4  Post-office  Square. 
Hawley,  F.  A.,  &  Co.,  84  Devonshire  Street,  and 

2,0  Water  Street. 


Head,  Charles,  &  Co.,  62  Devonshire  Street. 
Plead,  C.  D.,  &  T.  H.  Perkins,  68  Devonshire  St. 
Hecht,  Lewis,  62  Congress  Street. 
Hubbard  Bros.  &  Co.,  60  Devonshire  Street. 
Kidder,  Peabody,  &  Co.,  40  State  Street,  room  8. 
Lawrence,  William  F.,  &  Co.,  63  Federal  Street. 
Lee,  Higginson,  &  Co.,  40  to  44  State  Street. 
Lee,  Thomas  J.,  &  Hill,  60  State  Street. 
Loud,  T.  J.,  &  Bro.,  28  State,  cor.  Devonshire  St., 

basement. 
Mixter,  George,  45  Milk  Street. 
Moors,  J.  B.,  &  Co.,  35  Congress  Street. 
Morse,  E.  Rollins,  &  Bro.,  28    State  Street. 
Munroe,  John,  &  Co.  (N.Y.),  4  Post-office  Sq. 
N.-E.  Mortgage  Security  Co.,  43  Milk  Street. 
Parker  &  Stackpole,  78  Devonshire  Street. 
Putnam,  Charles  A.,  60  State  Street. 
Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,  Simmons   Building,  40 

Water  Street,  room  1. 
Rogers,  Tower,  Wood,  &  Co.,  167  Congress  St. 
Stone  &  Downer,  28  State  Street,  basement. 
Sweet,  Charles  A.,  &  Co.,  40  State  Street,  room  4. 
Thayer,  J.  E.,  &  Brother,  21  Sears  Building. 
Tower,  Giddings,  &  Co.,  85  Devonshire  Street. 


The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  dealers  in  foreign  exchange :  — 


Blake  Brothers  &  Co.,  28  State  Street. 
Brown  Brothers  &  Co.,  66  State  Street. 
Gossler  &  Co.,  70  State  Street. 
Kidder,  Peabody,  &  Co.,  40  State  Street,  room  8. 


Lee,  Higginson,  &  Co.,  40  to  44  State  Street. 
Morse,  E.  Rollins,  &  Bro.,  28    State  Street. 
Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,    Simmons    building,   40 
Water  street,  room  1. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  263 

The  Savings  Banks  of  America  had  their  origin  in  this  city.  The  first 
was  the  Provident  Institution  for  Savings  in  the  Town  of  Boston,  chartered 
in  1816.  To-day  it  has  a  larger  amount  of  deposits  than  any  similar  insti- 
tution in  this  country,  except  the  Bowery  Savings  Bank  of  New  York. 
There  are  in  Boston  16  savings  banks,  and  a  list  of  them  is  given  on  the 
preceding  page.  They  are  under  the  supervision  of  the  commissioners  of 
savings  banks,  an  office  created  in  1866.  Their  investments  and  loans  are 
restricted  by  law,  and  all  their  officers  are  sworn  to  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  their  duties.  The  commissioners  are  empowered  to  examine  the 
banks  at  any  time,  and  are  obliged  to  do  so  at  least  once  a  year.  The 
"stay  law,"  passed  in  1878,  limits  and  restricts  the  payment  of  money  to 
depositors,  and  was  framed  to  provide  against  a  "  run  "  on  the  savings  banks. 
Under  this  law  the  commissioners,  whenever  they  deem  it  expedient,  can 
grant  the  bank  authority  to  pay  its  depositors  only  such  proportion  of  their 
deposits,  and  at  such  times,  as  the  bank  can  pay  without  affecting  its  solvency 
or  subjecting  it  to  great  loss. 

Safe-Deposit  Vaults.  —  Boston  is  now  amply  provided  with  safe-deposit 
vaults ;  but  there  was  nothing  of  the  kind  in  the  city  ten  years  ago,  when 
the  attention  of  the  public  was  first  called  to 

The  Union  Safe-Deposit  Vaults,  which  had  been  constructed  by  Henry 
Lee,  to  afford  absolute  protection  for  all  kinds  of  valuables  against  loss  by 
fire  or  burglary.  The  vaults  were  built  in  the  basement  of  the  Union  Build- 
ing, 40  State  Street,  and  were  of  such  a  character,  and  had  around  them  so 
many  conveniences,  that  they  excited  the  admiration  and  approval  of  the 
most  competent  judges.  Henry  Lee,  of  the  banking-firm  of  Lee,  Higgin- 
son,  &  Co.,  assumed  the  management,  and  George  C.  Lee  was  appointed  sub- 
manager,  positions  that  both  have  held  ever  since.  The  enterprise  succeeded 
so  well  that  other  safe-deposit  vaults  have  since  been  started.  The  Union 
Vaults  remain  in  their  original  location,  and  improvements  and  precautions 
added  from  time  to  time  render  them  as  safe  and  as  convenient  as  more 
recently  constructed  vaults. 

The  Boston  Safe-Deposit  and  Trust  Company  occupy  the  entire  base- 
ment of  the  beautiful  and  fire-proof  building  of  the  New-England  Mutual  Life- 
insurance  Company  on  Milk  Street,  corner  of  Congress  Street.  The  vaults, 
built  with  the  foundation  of  the  building  expressly  for  this  company,  cover 
nearly  3,000  square  feet,  and  are  the  most  massive  in  this  country.  Nothing 
is  lacking  to  make  them  as  safe,  in  every  respect,  as  any  vaults  in  the 
world.  Safes  in  these  vaults  are  rented  at  prices  ranging  from  $10  to  $150 
per  year,  and  valuables  of  all  kinds  are  received  for  safe-keeping.  The 
Boston  Safe-Deposit  and  Trust  Co.,  as  its  name  indicates,  also  has  a  trust 
department.     It  is  empowered  by  its  charter  to  act  as  trustee  under  wills  in 


264  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  same  manner,  and  subject  to  the  same  control  by  the  courts,  as  a  legally 
qualified  person.  The  State  has  made  it  a  legal  depositary  of  funds  of 
executors,  administrators,  assignees,  guardians,  trustees,  corporations,  and 
individuals,  and  also  of  money  and  other  property  awaiting  the  action  of 
courts.  Though  lately  organized,  quite  a  large  business  in  both  safe-deposit 
and  trust  departments  has  already  been  built  up.  The  officers  and  directors 
comprise  a  number  of  the  most  highly-esteemed  and  wealthiest  citizens  of 
Boston.  The  president  is  Frederick  M.  Stone,  the  manager  of  the  safe- 
deposit  department  Edward  P.  Bond,  and  the  treasurer  Frank  C.  Miles. 

The  Equitable  Safe-Deposit  Vaults,  in  charge  of  J.  Augustus  Felt,  vice- 
president  of  the  company,  occupy  the  whole  basement  of  the  Equitable 
Building,  corner  of  Milk  and  Devonshire  Streets. 

The  Trust  Companies  include  the  Boston  Safe-Deposit  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, the  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-insurance  Company,  referred  to 
previously ;  the  Massachusetts  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  George  Woods 
Rice  president,  18  Post-office  Square;  the  New-England  Mortgage  Security 
Company,  43  Milk  Street ;  and  the  New-England  Trust  Company,  Otis  Nor- 
cross  president,  and  James  H.  Loud  actuary,  15  Water  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  265 


JWarftets  atttr  lExrfjangeg- 

THE   MARKETS,    TRADE   EXCHANGES   AND   ASSOCIATIONS,    AND 

STOCK-BOARD. 

THE  first  market  in  Boston,  it  is  believed,  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Old 
State  House.  It  is  mentioned  in  Winthrop's  Journal  as  having  been 
"set  up  by  order  of  the  court"  in  March,  1634.  A  hundred  years  later 
three  markets  were  located  by  the  town,  —  one  in  North  Square,  one  in 
Dock  Square,  and  the  third  on  the  site  of  the  present  Boylston  Market. 
Three  hundred  pounds  were  appropriated  for  their  erection.  They  were 
opened  on  the  4th  of  June,  1734  ;  and  the  townspeople  were  greatly  pleased 
with  them.  It  was  long  the  custom  to  ring  a  bell  daily  at  sunrise  to  give 
notice  of  the  opening  of  the  markets  for  the  day,  and  at  one  o'clock  p.m., 
the  hour  of  closing.  The  market  in  Dock  Square  was  the  most  frequented. 
In  1736-7  the  old  market-house  here  was  demolished  by  a  mob,  "disguised 
as  clergymen  ; "  a  contention  having  arisen  among  the  people  as  to  whether 
they  would  be  served  at  their  houses  in  the  old  way,  or  resort  to  fixed  local- 
ities. By  this  summary  method  the  question  was  for  the  time  being  settled. 
In  1740  Peter  Faneuil  proposed  to  build  a  market-house  at  his  own  expense 
on  the  town's  land  here  in  Dock  Square ;  his  only  condition  being  that  the 
town  should  legally  authorize  it,  enact  proper  regulations,  and  maintain  it 
for  the  purposes  named.  Though  this  offer  was  courteously  received,  such 
was  the  division  of  opinion,  that  it  was  accepted  by  a  majority  of  only  seven 
votes  out  of  the  number  voting.  The  building  was  completed  in  1742,  and 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1761.  In  1819  a  number  of  citizens  erected  what  was 
known  as  the  City  Market,  at  the  foot  of  Brattle  Street,  on  the  edge  of 
Dock  Square ;  but  the  General  Court  refused  to  incorporate  the  proprietors, 
and  the  city  subsequently  rejected  the  offer  of  the  market  as  a  gift. 

The  New  Faneuil-Hall  Market  is  the  name  ffiven  to  the  floor  under 
Faneuil  Hall,  universally  known  as  the  "  Cradle  of  Liberty."  The  building 
was  erected  by  the  city  in  1762,  to  replace  the  market-house  on  the  same 
site  destroyed  by  fire  the  year  previous.  It  was  in  1805  enlarged  to  its 
present  size,  100  by  80  feet.  Faneuil  Hall  is  74  ft.  3  in.  long  by  75  ft.  3  in. 
wide,  and  has  no  seats  on  the  main  floor  and  only  a  few  in  the  gallery.  It 
is  used  chiefly  for  political  meetings  or  great  public  gatherings.  "Webster 
replying  to  Hayne  in  the  United  States  Senate,  Jan.  26  and  27,  1830,"  a 
painting    16  by  30  feet,   by   Healy,   and    numerous   portraits   by   various 


266 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


artists,  adorn  the  walls  of  the  hall.  The  hall  is  granted  for  such  meetings 
as  the  city  approves  ;  and,  although  no  rent  is  charged,  the  expenses,  amount- 
ing to  $20  a  day  and  #25  a  night,  are  paid  by  those  using  the  hall. 


Faneuil   Hall  and  Quincy  Market,  Merchants'  Row. 

The  Quincy  Market.  —  The  erection  of  Quincy  Market,  —  first  called  the 
Faneuil-Hall  Market,  and  still  officially  known  by  that  name  though  popu- 
larly called  Quincy,  —  and  the  extensive  improvements  about  it,  constituted 
the  greatest  enterprise  of  the  kind  that  had  ever  been  undertaken  in  Bos- 
ton. It  was  one  of  the  many  great  improvements  in  the  city  due  to  the 
remarkable  energy  and  enterprise  of  Josiah  Quincy,  who,  according  to 
Drake,  "invested  the  sluggish  town  with  new  life,  and  brought  into  practi- 
cal use  a  new  watchword,  Progress."  At  this  time  there  was  a  row  of  vege- 
table sale-sheds  on  the  north  side  of  Faneuil  Hall ;  and  the  neighboring 
streets  were  obstructed  with  market-wagons,  while  farmers  were  compelled 
to  occupy  with  their  stands  Union  Street  nearly  to  Hanover,  and  Washing- 
ton almost  to  Court.  Work  on  Mr.  Quincy's  project  began  in  1824,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  new  market  laid  in  1825,  and  the  work  finished  in  1826. 
The  market-house  is  of  Quincy  granite,  two  stories  high,  535  feet  long,  and 
covering  27,000  feet  of  land.  The  centre  part,  74  by  55  feet  on  the  ground, 
rises  to  the  height  of  77  feet,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  fine  dome.  The  wings 
in  their  entire  extent  are  30  feet  high.     Upon  each  end  of  the  building  is  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


267 


portico  with  four  columns,  of  the  Grecian  Doric  style,  each  being  one  solid 
shaft  of  Quincy  granite.  The  first  story  is  occupied  by  the  market,  having 
its  stalls  on  each  side  of  a  grand  corridor,  through  the  entire  length  of  the 
building.  Above  was  once  a  vast  hall,  called  Quincy  Hall ;  and  here  with 
Faneuil  Hall,  a  bridge  being  thrown  across  the  square,  connecting  the  two, 
were  long  held  the  fairs  of  the  Massachusetts  Mechanics'  Association. 
This  hall  is  now  divided  into  apartments,  and  occupied  as  warerooms.  The 
market  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  richly  and  extensively  furnished  mar- 
kets in  the  country.  It  cost,  exclusive  of  the  land,  $150,000.  In  connec- 
tion with  the  work  of  building  this  market,  six  new  streets  were  opened, 
and  a  seventh  greatly  enlarged,  including  167,000  feet  of  land,  and  flats,  dock, 
and  wharf  rights  obtained  to  the  extent  of  142,000  square  feet.  "All  this," 
we  quote  from  Quincy's  History,  "  was  accomplished  in  the  centre  of  a  pop- 
ulous city,  not  only  without  any  tax,  debt,  or  burden  upon  its  pecuniary 
resources,  but  with  large  permanent  additions  to  its  real  and  productive 
property."  The  cost  of  the  market,  land,  and  street  and  other  improve- 
ments, was  $1,141,272. 

The  Boylston  Market,  at  the  corner  of  Boylston  and  Washington  Streets, 

when  opened  in   1810  was  _______ 

considered  far  out  of  town. 
It  was  named  for  Ward 
Nicholas  Boylston,  a  great 
benefactor  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, which  has  named  its 
chemical  laboratory  in  his 
honor,  and  a  descendant 
of  Dr.  Zabdiel  Boylston, 
famous  in  the  history  of 
inoculation.  Mr.  Boylston 
presented  the  clock  that 
now  tells  the  time  to  pass- 
ers-by. Over  the  market 
is  Boylston  Hall,  in  which 
the  organization  of  several 
churches  has  taken  place, 
and  a  variety  of  musical, 
theatrical,  and  miscellane- 
ous entertainments  have 
been  held.  It  was  leased 
for  several  years  to  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  and  for  many  years  it  has  been  used  by  the  pub- 
lic schools  for  drill  purposes.    The  building  is  owned  by  the  Boylston  Market 


Boylston  Market,  Washington  Street. 


268  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Association,  of  which  John  Ouincy  Adams  was  the  first  president.  The 
land  was  bought  at  75  cents  a  foot,  and  the  building  cost  #20,000.  In  1859 
an  extension  of  40  feet  was  made;  and  in  1870  the  building  was  moved  back 
from  the  street  1 1  feet,  without  the  slightest  disturbance  to  the  occupants. 
The  second  story  now  contains  the  headquarters  of  the  First  Brigade,  and 
the  armories  of  companies  K  and  C  of  the  First  Regiment.  Jonathan 
French  is  the  president  of  the  Boylston  Market  Association,  and  Hobart 
Moore  the  clerk. 

In  1852  the  Blackstone  Market,  on  Blackstone  Street,  and  the  Williams 
Market,  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Dover  Streets,  were  opened :  and 
a  few  years  before  the  Beach-street  Market,  in  the  building;  where  the 
Dramatic  Museum  had  a  short  career  in  1848.  At  the  present  time,  besides 
those  already  mentioned,  there  are  the  Washington  Market,  the  farthest  up- 
town market,  established  in  1870,  in  a  spacious  and  attractive  building  250 
feet  long,  situated  No.  1883  Washington  Street:  the  Tremont,  at  No.  923 
Tremont  Street ;  the  Suffolk,  corner  of  Portland  and  Sudbury ;  the  Central, 
No.  50  North ;  the  Globe,  No.  42  North  ;  the  St.  Charles,  Beach,  corner  of 
Lincoln;  and  the  Union,  15  and  17  Washington  Street.  There  is  also,  near 
Quincy  Market,  between  Commercial  and  T  Wharves,  the  Mercantile-wharf 
Market,  popularly  called  the  farmers'  market,  supplied  by  the  vegetable- 
farmers  of  the  near-by  towns.  There  are  small  market-houses  also  in  East 
Boston  and  South  Boston.  Of  the  market-houses,  the  city  owns  only 
Faneuil  Hall  and  Ouincy,  or  as  the  two  are  designated  in  the  official 
records :  "  Faneuil  Hall  and  market  under  same ;  Faneuil  Hall  Market- 
house  and  Ouincy  Hall  over  same/* 

The  business  exchanges  of  Boston  are  quite  numerous,  and  are  for  the 
most  part  conducted  on  a  broad  and  generous  scale.  Chief  of  them  all 
is  the 

Merchants'  Exchange  and  Reading-Room,  on  State  Street,  conducted  by 
the  Boston  Board  of  Trade,  in  the  old  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  where 
the  last  great  conflict  with  the  flames  of  the  Great  Fire  of  1872  took  place. 
The  first  Merchants'  Exchange  was  established  in  1842.  when  the  present 
building  was  built.  It  occupied  a  fine  hall,  its  ceiling  supported  by  imita- 
tion Sienna  marble  columns,  with  Corinthian  capitals,  and  a  grand  dome 
overhead  filled  with  stained  glass.  Notwithstanding  that  this  was  well 
equipped  and  well  managed,  it  met  with  indifferent  success;  and  some  time 
before  the  Great  Fire  it  gave  way  for  the  sub-treasury,  which  occupied  the 
place  until  removed  to  its  present  quarters.  When  the  Board  of  Trade  took 
the  matter  in  hand,  its  object  was  to  establish  an  Exchange  after  the  most 
approved  plan,  and  on  a  par  with  the  best  and  most  complete  in  the  country ; 
and  its  ambition  was  to  group  all  the  business  exchanges  of  the  city  under 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


269 


one    roof,    with    the    Merchants'    Exchange    as    the    main    gathering-place. 
The  old  building  was  extensively  remodelled,  and  to  some  extent  rebuilt,  in- 
side;  and  the  new  Merchants'  Exchange  and  Reading-Room,  as  thoroughly 
equipped  and  as  admirably  arranged  as  any  in  the  country,  was  opened  to 
subscribers  on  Oct.   1,   1873.     The  main  hall  is  60  by  (So  feet,  and  is  well 
lighted  by  spacious  windows  and  a  monitor  skylight.     The  floor  is  of  dia- 
mond-shaped blocks  of  black  and  white  marble  alternately:    a  white  mar- 
ble dado,  four  feet  high,  with  black  border,  encircles  the  room  ;    and   the 
ceiling   is    tastefully  frescoed.     Newspaper-racks    are    arranged   along   the 
hall's  sides,  one  close  to  each  of  the  fourteen  pilasters  ;  and  the  room  is  pro- 
vided with  every  possible  convenience.     The  bulletin-boards  record  market 
quotations,  promptly  received,  from  all  parts  of   the  world;    the  shipping- 
news  is  bulletined  as  received  by  telegraph  :  vessels  arriving  are  immediately 
registered  ;  sales  of  stocks 
and     other    securities     are 
chronicled  ;    every    change 
of  wind  is  noted  on  a  dial 
marked  with  points  of  the 
compass      and      connected 
with    a  large   weather-vane 
on  the  roof  of  the  building; 
and   a  variety  of   other  in- 
formation   of   moment  and 
value  to  merchants  is  here 
given.     In  Jie  rear  of  the 
main  hall  is  a  large  retiring- 
room,  richly  and  comforta- 
bly furnished,   with    sump- 
tuous-looking    heavy     ma- 
hogany morocco-covered  chairs  and  lounges.     Mere  are  held  the  meetings 
of  the  Board  of  Trade.     Admittance  to  the  Merchants'  Exchange  and  its 
privileges   is   given  only  to  subscribers.     These    numbered  in   1878  about 
1,100,  a  falling-off  of  nearly  500  since  the  establishment  of  the  rooms.     This 
is  accounted  for  by  the  hard  times,  failures,  changes,  and  death  ;  and  also 
the  establishment  of  so  many  independent  trade  associations,  the  hope  of 
gathering  all  organizations   in   one  place   not   being  realized.     The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  establishment  in   1878  was  about  $35,000.     The  president 
is   Rufus   S.  Frost,  and  the   secretary  and    superintendent   is  Cornelius  G. 
Attwood.     The  Merchants'  Exchange  Building  was  built  and  is  owned  by 
a  stock  corporation  under  the  name  of  the   Merchants'  Exchange  Building 
Company.     It  cost,  without  the  land,  $175,000.     Its  front  is  of  Ouincy  granite. 
On  the   same   floor  as  the   main   hall  of  the   Exchange  is  George  O.  Car- 


The  Merchants'  Exchange,  State  Street. 


270  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

penter's  insurance-office,  fronting  on  State  Street.  This  agency  represents 
the  Germania  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  New  York,  the  American  Central 
of  St.  Louis,  the  Western  Assurance  of  Toronto,  the  Citizens'  of  St.  Louis, 
and  the  St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine  of  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Carpenter's  agency,  estab- 
lished in  the  present  office  in  1872,  is  ranked  among  the  best  in  the  city, 
and  his  extensive  business  is  equalled  by  few  agencies  in  Boston. 

The  Boston  Commercial  Exchange  occupies  a  spacious  hall  in  the  Board 
of  Trade  Building,  which  is  reached  through  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  and 
by  short  flights  of  marble  steps  at  the  rear.  It  is  provided  with  sample- 
tables,  large  blackboards  for  quotations,  a  case  of  "  standards  "  for  the 
different  grades  of  flour  and  grain, — which  standards  are  established  with 
great  care,  and  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Exchange, — 
books  for  the  record  of  daily  receipts  of  flour  and  grain,  etc.  The  "change" 
hour  is  from  12  M.  to  i|  P.M.  every  business  day;  and  business  is  limited  to 
the  sale  or  purchase  of  flour  or  grain  and  other  produce,  at  wholesale,  for 
cash  on  delivery  unless  otherwise  provided  for.  In  1877  a  call-board  was 
established.  The  call  begins  each  business  day  at  12.45  P«M.,  and  continues 
half  an  hour,  when  trade  ceases  at  the  sound  of  the  gong.  Important  com- 
mittees are  those  on  inspection,  one  on  flour,  and  one  on  grain.  They  act 
as  umpires  to  settle  all  cases  of  dispute  as  to  the  grade,  soundness,  etc.,  of 
the  articles  under  their  supervision.  The  Commercial  Exchange  was 
formerly  the  Corn  Exchange,  which  was  established  in  1855,  but  not  incor- 
porated until  1868.  In  1871  the  present  name  was  adopted,  that  the  title 
might  be  broad  enough  to  include  other  interests.  At  about  this  time  lead- 
ing provision,  fish,  and  salt  dealers  joined  the  organization.  Subsequently, 
however,  the  latter  gradually  withdrew  ;  and  now  interests  other  than  flour 
and  grain  are  barely  represented  in  the  Exchange.  The  membership  in 
1878  was  244. 

The  Boston  Produce  Exchange  is  on  the  floor  over  the  Quincy  Market, 
in  a  spacious  and  lofty  hall,  directly  under  the  dome  of  the  building.  This 
is  an  organization  of  recent  date.  It  was  organized  in  January,  1877.  It 
includes  the  leading  firms  in  the  produce  business,  which  is  a  large  interest 
in  Boston ;  the  provision  men,  some  of  whom  had  been  members  of  the 
Commercial  Exchange  ;  and  a  fair  representation  of  other  interests,  such  as 
the  butter  and  cheese,  fresh  fish,  etc.  The  "  change  "  hour  is  from  1  to  2 
p.m.     It  reports  a  promising  first  year. 

The  Boston  Fish  Bureau  is  the  name  of  the  fish-dealers'  exchange,  at 
No.  180  Atlantic  Avenue,  at  the  foot  of  Commerce  Street.  This  is  open 
daily,  and  is  frequented  by  the  most  active  men  in  the  business.  The  fish- 
market  of  Boston  continues  to  hold  the  leading  position  as  the  largest 
fish-market  in  the  country ;  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  interests  of 
Eastern  New  England. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  271 

The  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange  is  in  the  lower  story  of  the  building 
on  the  site  of  "  Church  Green,"  at  the  junction  of  Summer  and  Bedford 
Streets,  convenient  to  all  parts  of  the  leather-district.  It  was  established 
by  the  New-England  Shoe-and-Leather  Manufacturers'  and  Dealers'  Asso- 
ciation, incorporated  in  1871  "for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  general  wel- 
fare of  the  hide  and-leather  and  boot-and-shoe  interests  of  New  England." 
The  present  quarters  were  occupied  in  March,  1877.  Before  that  time,  and 
since  the  Great  Fire  in  1872,  the  Exchange  has  occupied  several  places, 
none  of  which  was  altogether  satisfactory;  and  the  manufacturers  and 
dealers  were  divided  into  two  parties,  —  one  desiring  the  general  exchange 
located  on  Hanover  Street,  near  the  American  House,  which  had  long  been 
the  headquarters  of  the  shoe-and-leather  men ;  and  the  other  advocating  its 
establishment  nearer  the  recognized  leather-district  of  the  business  portion 
of  the  city.  When  at  length  the  present  rooms  were  opened,  the  advantages 
presented  by  them  were  so  great  that  they  were  soon  accepted  as  the  princi- 
pal headquarters  of  the  trade.  The  main  room  is  large,  well  lighted,  and 
well  equipped.  It  has  ample  side  and  retiring  rooms,  private  and  public 
offices,  and  a  telegraph-office.  A  daily  register  is  kept  of  the  arrival  of 
out-of-town  dealers,  and  trade-reports  are  conspicuously  bulletined.  A  great 
advantage  to  the  members  of  the  trade,  who  enjoy  the  privileges  of  the 
Exchange,  is  the  information  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Credits,  and  the 
Bureau  of  Debts  and  Debtors,  two  important  departments  of  the  Shoe-and- 
Leather  Association.  The  Bureau  of  Credits  keeps  books  of  ratings  of 
the  commercial  standing  of  persons  and  firms  dealing  in  hides,  leather, 
boots  and  shoes,  and  findings,  not  only  in  New  England,  but  in  all  parts 
of  the  country ;  and  these  lists  are  constantly  revised.  The  Bureau  of 
Debts  and  Debtors  investigates  any  case  of  mercantile  failure  in  the  trade 
reported  to  it  by  a  creditor,  recommends,  and,  in  an  emergency,  takes, 
such  action  as  in  its  judgment  will  promote  the  interests  of  the  creditor. 
The  Exchange  is  open  daily  during  business-hours  for  the  convenience  and 
profit  of  the  subscribers ;  and  on  market-days,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays 
of  each  week,  from  12  m.  to  i\  p.m.,  the  "  change  "  hour,  the  place  is  crowded 
with  men  of  the  trade.  The  officers  of  the  Shoe-and-Leather  Association 
manage  the  Exchange  ;  Charles  A.  Grinnell  is  the  president,  and  Charles  S. 
Ingalls  the  secretary  and  general  superintendent.  Originally  the  trade  had 
its  headquarters  at  Wilde's  Hotel  on  Elm  Street,  and  subsequently  at  the 
American  House  on  Hanover  Street.  Before  the  Great  Fire  there  was  a 
much-frequented  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange  on  Pearl  Street. 

The  New-England  Furniture  Exchange  is  situated  at  27  Washington 
Street,  not  far  from  Haymarket  Square.  Its  membership  includes  the  prin- 
cipal manufacturers  and  dealers  in  furniture  and  kindred  articles  in  New 
JEngland ;  and  its   object  is  mutual  protection  and  assistance  in  business. 


272  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

It  does  not  attempt  to  control  prices ;  but  it  exerts  an  influence  in  the  mat- 
ter of  the  length  and  condition  of  credits,  and  the  rate  of  cash  discounts. 
Like  the  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange,  it  has  a  record  of  credits ;  and  being 
in  direct  communication  with  the  furniture  exchanges  in  other  cities,  and 
working  in  harmony  with  them,  under  a  plan  adopted  by  the  national  con- 
vention of  furniture-men  held  in  New  York  in  February,  1878,  it  obtains 
prompt  information  regarding  the  financial  standing  of  firms  and  traders  in 
all  parts  of  the  country,  while  it  aids  materially  in  protecting  creditors  and 
debtors  from  disastrous  consequences  of  failures  of  incompetent  and  dis- 
honest dealers.  This  exchange  manages,  in  the  combination  of  the  furniture 
exchanges  of  the  country,  what  is  known  as  "  The  Boston  Section,"  which 
embraces  the  trade  in  Maine,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  that  part  of  Connecticut  east  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
the  Provinces  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Quebec.  The  admis- 
sion-fee of  members  is  $25,  and  the  quarterly  assessment  $6. 

The  Boston  Brokers'  Exchange  Board  is  situated  on  Exchange  Street, 
off  from  State.  It  is  a  small  hall,  with  a  schoolroom  look,  having  regular 
rows  of  desks  from  the  president's  platform  and  table.  The  membership  is 
small,  and  the  transactions  light.  The  Board  meets  daily  at  eleven,  and  is 
in  session  one  hour. 

The  Mechanics'  Exchange,  which  now  occupies  large  and  finely  fitted  up 
rooms  at  33  and  35  Hawley  Street,  was  started  as  a  private  enterprise  in 
1857,  and  was  conducted  for  some  time  by  Smith  Nichols.  It  first  occupied 
rooms  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Devonshire  Streets,  and  at  various  peri- 
ods has  since  been  located  on  the  opposite  side  of  State  Street  and  at  17 
Court  Street.  It  removed  to  its  present  quarters  in  1877.  About  ten  years 
ago  the  Exchange  was  re-organized,  and  its  management  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  board  of  officers  chosen  by  the  members.  A  yearly  assess- 
ment of  #25  is  paid  by  each  firm  belonging  to  the  institution  ;  the  members 
chiefly  are  master-mechanics  connected  with  the  various  building-trades. 
The  membership  is  now  about  375,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  The  Ex- 
change is  open  in  summer  from  7  a.m.  to  6  p.m.,  and  in  winter  from  8  to  5. 
The  busiest  hour  is  between  12  m.  and  1  p.m.  Then  the  rooms  are  crowded 
by  the  members,  who  meet  to  form  plans,  compare  views,  make  contracts 
and  bargains,  pay  bills,  and  transact  other  business.  Many  members  have 
no  other  headquarters  than  the  Exchange,  and  have  special  boxes  here  for 
their  papers  and  correspondence.  The  operations  of  the  members  are  not 
confined  to  the  city ;  and  large  contracts  are  taken  for  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, including  New  England,  New  York,  and  the  West.  The  building  oper- 
ations of  Boston  for  1876  amounted  to  about  $8,000,000,  and  the  greater 
amount  of  these  were  carried  on  by  members  of  the  Exchange.  The  pres- 
ident of  the  Exchange  is  T.  J.  Whidden,  and  the  superintendent  George 
B.  Chadbourne. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


2  73 


The  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association  was  founded  in 
1795,  and  incorporated  in  1S06.  Its  annual  income  is  employed  to  relieve 
the  distresses  of  unfortunate  mechanics  and  their  families,  to  promote 
inventions  and  improvements  in  the  mechanic  arts  by  granting  premiums 
for  inventions  and  improvements,  to  assist  young  mechanics  with  loans  of 
money,  and  to  establish  schools  and  libraries  for  the  use  of  apprentices  and 
the  improvement  of  the  arts.  The  association  awards  certificates  to  appren- 
tices, who,  on  arriving  at  21  years  of  age,  bring  testimonials  from  the  per- 
sons with  whom  they  served,  showing  that  they  have  behaved  with  fidelity 
and  attention,  and  have  not  violated  any  agreement  made  by  them.     Every 


Massachusetts   Charitable   Mechanic  Association  building,   Chauncy  Street. 

third  year  the  association  holds  a  special  meeting  called  the  ''Triennial 
Festival."  At  irregular  intervals,  averaging  every  three  years,  it  holds  a 
public  exhibition,  popularly  called  the  "  Mechanics'  Fair/'  For  many  years 
these  fairs  were  held  in  the  hall  over  Ouincy  Market  and  Faneuil  Hall,  the 
two  being  connected  by  a  bridge  stretched  across  the  street.  In  1878  a 
temporary  building  for  its  fair  was  erected  on  Park  Square,  Columbus 
Avenue,  and  Pleasant  Street.  The  fair  lasted  two  months,  during  Septem- 
ber and  October,  and  was  the  most  successful  one  yet  held.  The  attend- 
ance was  nearly  300,000;  the  number  of  exhibitors,  1,250;  the  receipts, 
$110,000;  the  expenditures,  $75,000.  The  awards  included  60  gold  medals, 
230  silver  medals,  250  bronze  medals,  and  440  diplomas.  In  i860  the  asso- 
ciation erected  the  fine  dark  freestone  building,  in  the  Italian  Renaissance 


274  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

style,  on  the  north-west  corner  of  Chauncy  and  Bedford  Streets,  at  a  cost, 
including  the  land,  of  320,000.  On  the  upper  floors  is  the  large  Mechanics' 
Hall,  used  for  the  meetings  of  the  association,  and  rented  for  musical,  lit- 
erary, and  other  entertainments.  Among  the  early  presidents  were  Paul 
Revere,  who  served  4  years ;  Jonathan  Hunnewell,  9  years ;  and  Benjamin 
Russell,  14  years.  The  officers  for  1878  are  J.  F.  Paul  president,  Charles 
W.  Slack  vice-president,  and  Joseph  L.  Bates  secretary. 

The  Boston  Marine  Society  is  one  of  the  oldest  organizations  in  Boston. 
It  was  instituted  in  1742  under  the  name  of  the  Fellowship  Club,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1754.  Its  active  members  are  masters  of  vessels;  and 
its  honorary  members  are  owners  of  vessels,  merchants,  and  others.  It 
aims  to  improve  the  knowledge  of  this  coast  by  having  its  various  members 
communicate  in  writing  their  observations  on  their  inward  and  outward 
trips,  of  the  variation  of  the  needle,  the  soundings,  courses,  and  distances, 
and  all  remarkable  things  about  the  coast;  also  to  relieve  one  another  and 
their  families  in  poverty  or  other  adverse  accidents  in  life.  The  society 
has  a  fund  of  about  $115,000.  Its  grants  to  indigent  members  and  their 
families  in  the  past  78  years  amount  to  $210,976,  of  which  $105,025  was 
granted  during  the  past  18  years.  The  president  is  Henry  Barker,  and  the 
secretary  Henry  Howard.  The  society  occupies  Room  13  in  the  Merchants' 
Exchange  building. 

The  Lumber-Dealers'  Association  was  formed  in  1869,  to  bring  about 
"  united  action,  perfect  harmony,  and  mutual  understanding  among  lumber- 
dealers."  It  numbers  about  50  active  members,  resident  in  Boston  and 
vicinity,  and  meets  monthly  during  the  winter.  Its  president  is  J.  Otis 
Wetherbee,  and  its  secretary  Waldo  H.  Stearns. 


JC/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON.  275 


Wje  Business  Rouses. 

PROMINENT    AND    INTERESTING    MERCANTILE   AND    MANU- 
FACTURING   ESTABLISHMENTS. 

THE  interesting  features  of  Boston  shown  in  the  previous  chapters,  and 
many  that  were  necessarily  left  unmentioned,  are  due  chiefly  to  the 
liberality  and  culture  of  the  business-men  from  whom  is  obtained  the  money 
required  to  carry  to  completion  all  material  improvements.  It  is  true  that 
many  professional  men  give  money  to  aid  great  works  ;  but  it  will  be  found, 
if  traced  back  sufficiently,  that  this  money  was  earned  by  them,  directly  or 
indirectly,  from  the  business-men.  This  fact  alone  would  justify  sketches 
of  corporations  and  individuals  who  have  acquired  success  in  the  honorable 
management  of  their  various  pursuits  ;  but  to  this  can  be  added  the  state- 
ment, that  many  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  city  are  in  the 
factories  and  warehouses  where  the  necessities  and  luxuries  of  life  are  made 
and  sold. 

If  we  think  of  the  wares  of  the  merchants,  and  also  of  the  productive 
and  commercial  agencies  employed  to  place  them  at  the  disposal  of  the 
people,  we  certainly  will  grant  that  the  shops  of  a  great  city  are  among 
the  most  suggestive  subjects  for  reflection.  In  a  book  of  this  class,  making 
no  claims  to  be  a  "  city  directory,"  there  is  but  little  space  in  which  to  notice 
the  thousands  of  mercantile  and  manufacturing  firms ;  and  this  space  must 
be  given  to  only  a  few  of  those  owning  establishments  of  a  prominent  char- 
acter or  of  great  public  interest.  The  business-structures  include  many  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  architecture  in  the  city.  The  stores  contain  displays 
of  goods,  that,  placed  in  museums  or  exhibition-rooms,  would  make  attractive 
and  exceedingly  valuable  collections  as  works  of  art.  In  the  manufactories, 
so  often  overlooked  and  so  seldom  looked  over  by  resident  or  visitor,  are  to 
be  seen  some  of  the  greatest  exhibitions  of  skill  and  ingenuity,  as  well  as 
some  of  the  most  interesting  subjects.  It  is  particularly  appropriate  to 
begin  our  sketches  with  that  of  a  house  uniting  specially  noteworthy  architec- 
tural, commercial,  and  manufacturing  features.     We  refer,  of  course,  to 

Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker's  great  clothing-manufactory  and  piece- 
goods  warehouse,  one  of  the  most  successful,  best-known,  and  most  inter- 
esting establishments  in  New  England,  and  one  that  has  had  an  honorable 
career  of  nearly  thirty  years ;  all  the  partners  of  the  original  firm  still  hold- 
ing an  interest  in  the  business.    Our  sectional  view  of  the  building  is  already 


276 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


familiar  to  thousands  of  people ;  but,  like  the  old  familiar  tunes  expected  at 
every  popular  concert,  this  picture  is  looked  for  in  every  illustrated  book  on 
Boston.  The  building  has  a  white-marble  front,  and  is  usually  shown  as  a 
beautiful  specimen  of  architecture.  It  was  erected  expressly  for  this  firm, 
to  replace  one  similar  in  appearance,  destroyed  by  the  Great  Fire.  In  fact,  it 
was  on  this  site  that  one  of  the  curious  ruins  of  the  fire  could  be  seen.  The 
whole  front  remained  intact,  while  nothing  stood  on  either  side  of  it.  It  is 
also  an  historical  fact,  that  Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker  was  one  of  the 

first  firms  to  recover  from  the 
fire ;  and  before  the  smoke 
was  off  the  ruins,  they  an- 
nounced that  all  their  employ- 
ees would  be  given  work  at 
once.  The  new  building  ex- 
tends from  400  Washington 
Street  to  Si  Hawlev  Street, 
and  is  wholly  occupied  by 
Macullar.  Williams,  &  Parker 
for  manufacturing  clothing, 
and  selling,  at  wholesale  and 
retail,  piece-goods,  clothing, 
tailors'  trimmings,  and  men's 
furnishing -goods.  An  idea 
of  the  extent  of  this  place 
can  be  had  by  tracing  the 
twenty  departments  shown 
and  numbered  in  the  full-page 
steel-plate  engraving.  The 
displays  behind  the  large 
plate-glass  windows  on  the 
Washington-street  side  al- 
ways attract  the  passer-by ; 
and  frequently  a  number  of 
people  stand  about  the  grand 
entrance,  admiring  the  magnificent  store.  But  the  whole  interior  is  freely 
open  to  the  public ;  and  visitors,  whether  buyers  or  not,  are  always  sure  of 
the  politest  attention.  In  going  through  the  building  one  is  impressed  with 
its  fine  proportions,  beautiful  finish,  and  plain  but  elegant  appointments. 
In  the  upper  rooms  are  about  450  women  and  girls,  working  as  comfortably 
and  as  profitably  as  any  equal  number  of  females  in  any  establishment  in  the 
world.  There  are  also  about  100  men  at  work  in  the  building.  All  persons 
employed  by  this  firm  are  kept  so  long  as  they  do  their  work  faithfully  and 


Macullar,   Williams,   &   Parker,  Washington  Street. 


I  ':•  pi  [£■  iX>  CO 

b 

5 


►2.2  3m?q"  o 

2  S  a,    3     w&S" 
£-2."     ro      Op  P  o 


S  P5  cr  - 

p  p  p;  :;  nfEf 


; 


- 


00,00, 


A'/jVG'S    HAND1W0K    OF   BOSTON.  277 

satisfactorily.  All  are  paid  fair  wages  every  week,  kept  through  dull  times, 
provided  with  every  convenience  for  both  work  and  dinner  hours,  and 
treated  in  a  manner  that  makes  life  in  this  mercantile  palace  worth  living 
for.  No  pinched  or  starved  faces  are  seen ;  and  Hood  could  not  have  found 
in  this  great  body  of  workers  and  stitchers  any  suggestion  for  his  "  Song  of 
the  Shirt."  Among  the  curious  objects  are  the  clocks  on  each  floor,  regu- 
lated by  an  automatic  time-keeper :  the  dial,  connected  with  the  large  vane 
on  the  roof,  indicating,  on  the  first  floor,  the  way  of  the  wind  ;  the  natural 
well,  from  which  3,000  gallons  or  more  of  water  are  taken  daily ;  the 
immense  boilers  :  the  engines,  by  which  the  sewing-machines  and  elevator 
are  run  ;  the  unique  machines  for  pressing  clothing,  for  shrinking  goods, 
and  also  for  detecting  imperfections  in  cloths.  The  business  that  is  carried 
on  is  surpassed  in  amount,  of  its  kind,  by  only  a  few  firms  in  the  world. 
The  first  floor,  on  which  is  kept  the  retail  stock  of  clothing,  furnishing- 
goods,  and  piece-goods  for  custom  trade,  is  one  of  the  finest  stores  in  this 
country  or  in  Europe.  The  stock  cannot  be  described  here,  but  it  includes 
one  of  the  choicest  assortments  to  be  found  anywhere.  The  piece-goods 
are  not  only  of  American  make,  but  come  from  the  best  foreign  manufac- 
tories. The  world-renowned  Mailing's  West-of-England  cloths  are  imported 
by  Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker.  It  will  be  remembered  that  these  goods 
received  the  highest  awards  at  the  Paris  Exhibitions  of  1 867  and  1878,  and 
that  they  were  also  ordered  last  year  by  the  corporation  of  London  for  the 
customary  annual  presentation  of  4^-  yards  of  the  best  broadcloth  made  in 
England  to  24  of  the  highest  officers  of  the  British  government,  a  custom 
dating  back  hundreds  of  years.  Their  importations  of  woollen  and  other 
goods  have  such  a  high  reputation  that  they  supply  materials  to  many  of  the 
best  merchant-tailors  throughout  the  United  States.  The  first  floor  on  the 
Hawley-street  side  is  used  wholly  for  the  jobbing  of  piece-goods.  One  of 
the  great  specialties  of  this  house  is  the  yearly  manufacture  of  15,000  white 
vests.  These  are  made  the  whole  year  round,  and  each  set  of  hands  make 
exactly  the  same  parts  of  each  vest  at  all  times.  As  the  result  of  this  sys- 
tem, the  linen  vests  manufactured  by  this  firm  are  the  most  perfect  made 
anywhere  in  the  world  :  and  the  workmanship  is  so  exquisite  that  the  leading 
merchant-tailors  throughout  the  United  States  keep  them  in  stock  for  their 
most  fastidious  customers.  Altogether,  Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker's 
establishment,  considering  the  honorable  firm,  the  extensive  building,  the 
immense  business,  the  large  number  of  employees,  and  the  liberal  manage- 
ment, might  almost  be  called  a  public  institution  :  and  it  is,  at  least,  one  of 
which  any  city  in  the  world  might  well  be  proud. 

The  Boston  Belting  Company,  incorporated  in  1845,  ls  tne  oldest  com- 
pany, and  has  the  largest  works,  in  the  world,  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of 
rubber  goods   for  mechanical   and    manufacturing  purposes.      Its    paid-up 


278 


KING'S    HANDBOOK  OF   BOSTON. 


capital  is  $700,000.  Its  factory  buildings,  worthy  of  a  careful  examination, 
cover  two  acres,  and  are  supplied  with  one  engine  of  200  horse-power,  two 
of  150  horse-power  each,  and  two  smaller  engines.  They  are  situated  on 
Tremont,  Clay,  and  Elmwood  Streets,  Boston  Highlands,  nearly  opposite 
the  Roxbury  station  of  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad.  The  company 
employ  200  men,  and  use  annually  3,000,000  pounds  of  raw  material,  an 
average  of  five  tons  daily.  The  Boston  Belting  Company  control  the  James 
B.  Forsyth  patents,  and  therefore  have  the  exclusive  right  to  line  cotton 
and  linen  hose  with  rubber;  and  the  sole  right  to  manufacture  rubber- 
covered  rolls  used  in  print-works,  bleacheries,  cotton,  woollen,  paper,  and 
tobacco  mills,  and  for  leather-splitting  machines,  clothes-wringers,  and  other 


Boston   Belting  Company's  Works,    Elmwood  Street,   Boston  Highlands. 

purposes.  They  also  own  the  right  to  manufacture  patent-stretched,  smooth- 
surface  belting,  which  makes  the  best  belt  for  all  purposes.  Among  other 
articles  made  of  rubber  by  this  company  are  steam-packing,  deckle-straps, 
blankets  for  printers,  valves,  stopples,  and  hose  of  all  kinds  and  for  all 
uses.  The  cotton  and  linen  hose  lined  with  rubber,  and  the  fire-engine  hose 
made  by  alternate  layers  of  rubber  and  cotton,  excel  every  other  make  for 
service  and  efficiency,  and  are  in  great  demand  by  the  fire-departments 
throughout  the  United  States.  To  give  some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the 
magnitude  of  their  work,  it  can  be  said  that  one  5-ply  belt,  made  recently, 
was  260  feet  long  and  4  feet  wide.  It  required  578  yards  of  heavy  canvas, 
weighing  1,107  pounds.  The  aggregate  weight  of  the  belt  was  \\  tons. 
Millions  of  feet  of  hose  and  belting  are  made  annually  at  these  works ;  and 


KING'S    HAND/WOK    OF   BOSTON. 


279 


a  single  order  for  200,000  or  300,000  feet  is  not  unusual.  Its  sales  of  manu- 
factured goods  are  made  in  all  the  principal  markets  of  the  world,  and 
amount  to  $2,000,000  annually.  The  company  was  awarded  the  highest 
prizes,  gold  and  silver  medals,  for  new  and  superior  goods,  at  the  Mechan- 
ics' Fair  in  Boston,  in  1878.  The  present  officers  of  the  company  are 
Henry  F.  Durant  president,  E.  S.  Converse  treasurer,  William  H.  Furber 
manager,  and  James  B.  Forsyth  manufacturing  agent.  The  salesrooms,  a 
view  of  which  is  shown  in  the  Albertype  illustration  of  the  Forbes  Litho- 
graphing Establishment,  are  at  Nos.  189  to  195  Devonshire  Street,  and 
Nos.  52  to  56  Arch  Street. 

The  Boston  Rubber-Shoe  Company,  incorporated  in  1853,  operates  one 
of  the  largest  manufactories  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.  The  buildings  have 
a  floor-surface  of  4  acres,  and  were  rebuilt  in  1876  expressly  for  the  work 
now  carried  on.  They  have  facilities  and  room  for  1,000  workmen,  and 
to-day  about  800  men 
and  women  are  com- 
fortably at  w  o  r  k  in 
them.  The  process  of 
making  fine  boots, 
shoes,  and  clothing, 
out  of  the  unsightly 
and  odorous  little  bits 
of  crude  rubber  is 
quite  interesting,  and 
well  worth  seeing. 
The  main  structure  is 
of  brick,  4  stories  high,  and  quadrangular  in  shape,  enclosing  a  large  yard. 
All  rooms  are  the  width  of  the  building,  and  have  windows  on  two  sides. 
On  the  first  floor  is  the  office,  waiting-room,  and  grinding-department,  where 
the  rubber  is  prepared  for  cutting.  On  the  second  floor  the  boot  making  and 
packing  is  carried  on.  On  the  third  floor  are  the  shoe  making  and  cutting 
departments.  On  the  fourth  floor  is  the  clothing  department.  In  a  two- 
story  brick  extension  on  the  south  end  are  the  machine  and  carpenter  shops 
on  the  first  floor,  and  the  large  heating-ovens  for  vulcanizing  purposes  on 
the  second  floor.  In  a  three-story  brick  building  east  of  the  main  structure, 
crude  and  purified  rubber  in  immense  quantities  are  stored  and  dried.  In  a 
building  in  the  yard,  varnish  used  in  the  factory  is  made.  On  the  north  end 
of  the  main  building  is  the  engine  and  boiler  house,  containing  twelve  large 
boilers,  ten  of  which  were  made  by  the  Whittier  Machine  Company,  one  Har- 
ris-Corliss 300-horse-power  engine,  and  one  Corliss  450-horse-power  engine. 
Some  idea  of  the  great  value  of  rubber  can  be  had,  when  it  is  said  this 
factory  alone  is  making  10,000  pairs  of  rubber  boots  and  shoes  each  day, 


HI 


iman^ 


Boston   Rubber-Shoe  Company's  Works,   Maiden. 


280  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

and  has  facilities  for  making  nearly  5,000,000  a  year.  At  this  establishment 
20  tons  of  coal  a  day  are  consumed.  The  works  are  at  Maiden,  4  miles 
from  Boston,  on  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad.  The  office  and  ware- 
rooms  in  Boston  are  at  195  Congress  Street,  occupying  the  whole  of  a  large 
four-story  stone-front  building.  The  company  have  a  cash  capital  of 
$500,000.  The  president  is  J.  W.  Converse ;  the  treasurer  and  general 
agent  is  E.  S.  Converse,  who  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Boston  Belting  Com- 
pany described  heretofore :  and  the  superintendent  of  the  works  is  E.  F. 
Bickford. 

The  South-Boston  Iron  Company  succeeded    Cyrus   Alger,  the  famous 
metallurgist  and  distinguished  inventor.     Mr.  Alger's  inventions  were  numer- 
ous, and  some  of  them  of  great  value.     He  purified  cast-iron  so  as  to  give 
it  triple  strength,  and  first  introduced  the  method  of  making  cast-iron  chilled 
rolls,  by  which  the  part    subject  to  wear  is  hard,  while  the  necks  remain 
unchanged  in  hardness  and  strength.     He  also  improved  the  construction 
of  reverberatory  furnaces,  and  constructed  the  first  perfect  bronze  cannon 
for  the   United  States  Ordnance   Department  and  for  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts.    Mr.  Alger  went  to  South  Boston  in  1809;   and  the  South-Boston 
Iron  Works,  of  which  he  was  the  founder,  practically  date  from  that  time, 
although  not   incorporated  until   1827.     The  works,  covering  nearly  seven 
acres,  have  been  enlarged  from  time  to  time,  and  are  now  the  most  extensive 
of  their  kind  in  America.     A  visit  to  the  several  buildings  would  prove  quite 
interesting.     The  foundry  is  the  largest  in  New  England.     In  it  iron  cast- 
ings weighing  as  much  as  100  tons,  or  bronze  castings  of  10  tons,  can  be 
made.     The  gun-shop  is  used  for  the  manufacture  of  the  very  heaviest  and 
most  powerful  ordnance  and  projectiles.     One  gun,  in  the  rough,  weighed 
87    tons,    and,  when    finished,  45   tons.     The    machine-shop    is    thoroughly 
equipped    for   the    heaviest    general   machine    and   hydraulic   work.      The 
pattern-shop  is   the  storage  and  finishing  room  for  patterns  used  in  these 
works,  and  by  machinists    elsewhere.     The    boiler-shop,   where    the    huge 
boilers  for  steamships  and  other  purposes  are  made,  is  the  largest  in  the 
vicinity  of  Boston.     Some  specialties  of  this  concern  are  cast-iron  guaran- 
teed 30,000  pounds  to  the  square   inch,   more   than  twice  the   strength  of 
ordinary  cast-iron,  and  gearing  made  under  special  patents.     These  works 
were  to  a  great  extent  the  means  of  building  up  South  Boston.     They  have 
conveniences  and  room  for  giving  employment  at  night  and  day  to  1,200 
men,  and  have  frequently  given  employment  to  800.     They  are  one  of  the 
great  sources  from  which  the  United  States  government  obtains  its  ord- 
nance and  projectiles.     The  president  of  the  Company,  William  P.  Hunt, 
has  already  been  mentioned  as  president  of  both  the  Atlas  National  Bank 
and  the   Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Establishment.     The   manager 
of  the  works  is  John  B.  Pearse. 


AmeriottuBankNote  ( '«Bo.stt.ii 


SOUTH  BOSTON  IRON  CO'S.WORKS 
SOUTH  BOSTON, 


Win.  P  Hunt ,  Pres*  and  Treas. 


Office  70  Water  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON.  281 

The  Whittier  Machine  Co.,  incorporated  in  1874,  succeeded  to  the  busi- 
ness of  Campbell,  Whittier,  &  Co.,  which  began  33  years  ago.  The  works 
cover  an  acre  of  ground  fronting  on  Tremont  Street,  and  extending  to 
Hampshire  Street.  The  main  building  is  of  brick,  190  by  37  feet,  and  two 
stories  high.  Off  from  the  main  building  is  the  blacksmith-shop,  55  by  33 
feet ;  and  in  an  adjoining  room  is  a  25-horse-power  engine  that  operates  the 
machinery.  On  the  south  side  of  the  main  building  is  the  boiler-factory, 
100  by  50  feet,  containing  a  wonderful  steam  riveter.  At  the  easterly  end 
of  the  yard  is  a  two-story  warehouse  building,  used  partly  for  stables.  At 
this  establishment,  giving  employment  to  100  or  more  persons  in  all  seasons, 
the  whole  work  in  wood,  iron,  or  other  materials,  necessary  to  build  and  put 
up  elevators,  steam-engines,  and  boilers,  is  done.  This  company,  as  well  as 
some  others  already  noticed,  secure  competent  and  trustworthy  mechanics, 
train  them  to  their  style  of  work,  and  then  give  them  constant  employment : 
some  of  their  workmen  having  already  passed  their  25th  year  in  these 
works.  The  great  specialty  of  the  Whittier  Machine  Company  is  the 
manufacture  of  steam  and  hydraulic  elevators.  In  connection  with  these 
they  own  patents  covering  recent  and  valuable  improvements,  one  of  which 
allows  the  combination  of  a  double  screw  with  a  single  winding-drum,  with- 
out the  loss  of  any  of  the  safeguards  usual  to  similar  machinery.  Another 
improvement  is  the  lever  arrangement,  by  which  the  slackening  of  the 
hoisting-rope  from  any  cause  checks  the  motion  of  the  winding-drum,  and 
locks  the  elevator-car  until  the  rope  is  properly  adjusted.  Still  another 
consists  of  using  the  eccentric-sheave  for  equalizing  the  strain  on  the 
hoisting-ropes,  and  retaining  the  hold  on  the  same  in  case  of  the  breakage 
of  either.  Their  elevator-cars  are  used  so  often  by  thousands  of  people, 
that  the  name  of  the  Whittier  Machine  Co.  is  quite  familiar  to  the  people  of 
Boston,  New  York,  and  other  large  cities.  It  might  not  be  uninteresting  to 
know  that  in  many  of  the  buildings  noticed  in  this  book  will  be  found  the 
Whittier  elevators,  some  of  which  were  made  under  the  patents  of  M.  Han- 
ford,  the  engineer  of  the  company.  Among  the  buildings  referred  to  are 
those  of  the  United  States  Post-office,  the  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company, 
the  New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company,  the  Equitable  Life- 
Assurance  Society,  the  Parker  House,  the  Hotel  Brunswick,  the  Hotel 
Boylston,  the  Hotel  Pelham,  the  Evans  House,  the  Maverick  National 
Bank,  the  First  National  Bank,  the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  Merchants' 
Exchange,  and  the  Massachusetts  Normal  Art  School.  The  works  are 
numbered  11 76  Tremont  Street;  and  the  office  of  the  company  is  in  the 
New-England  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company's  building,  at  91  Milk  Street. 
The  president  of  the  company  is  Charles  Whittier,  who  20  years  ago  became 
connected  with  the  firm  of  Campbell,  Whittier,  &  Co.,  referred  to  hereto- 
fore :  and  the  treasurer  is  A.  C.  Whittier. 


2«2 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Abram  French  &  Co.  are  among  the  very  largest  importers  and  dis- 
tributors of  crockery,  china,  and  glassware  in  this  country.  They 
occupy  a  building  shaped  like  the  vertical  section  of  a  liberty-cap,  situated 
at  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Devonshire  Streets.  This  building;,  the  first 
one  completed  after  the  great  tire,  has  four  floors  and  a  basement,  containing 
a  total  floor-surface  of  45,000  square  feet.  In  consequence  of  numerous 
_^_^^       •    -- ^__ „-=  large    windows    on    almost 

every  side,  the  display-room 
is  unsurpassed  by  that  of 
any  firm  in  this  trade  in 
the  world.  The  stock  com- 
J3M;I]  3  ji'ij I  prises  every  thing  found  in 
crockery,  china,  and  glass- 
ware establishments,  and 
includes  direct  importa- 
tions from  the  potteries  of 
all  countries.  Many  of 
these  wares  are  well  worth 
seeing  as  specimens  of  high 
art.  The  business,  that 
long  ago  assumed  large 
]  proportions,  was  started  in 
1822  by  Andrew  T.  Hall  & 
Co.,  who  were  succeeded 
by  French,  Wells,  &  Co.,  and  they  in  turn  by  Abram  French  &  Co.  Al- 
though burned  out  in  1862,  the  firm  escaped  the  great  fire  in  1872.  Since 
1870  a  Western  branch  has  been  carried  on  in  Chicago. 

The  Nonotuck  Silk  Company,  although  its  works  are  about  100  miles 
away  from  this  city,  can  be  classed  among  the  Boston  firms.  The  products 
of  the  company,  consisting  of  black  and  colored  machine-twist,  buttonhole- 
twist,  and  embroidery  and  sewing  silk,  are  kept  and  handled  in  very  large 
quantities  in  Boston.  The  warerooms,  at  No.  18  Summer  Street,  in  the 
four-story  sandstone-front  building,  are  extensively  and  admirably  fitted  up. 
Here  can  be  seen  about  500,000  spools,  or  about  2,500  pounds,  of  machine- 
twist  and  sewing-silk.  The  Nonotuck  Company,  established  forty  years 
ago,  has  a  remarkable  history.  It  was  the  first  company  in  the  world  to 
manufacture  machine-twist.  Its  works  at  Florence  and  Leeds  have  a  floor- 
surface  of  60,000  square  feet,  give  employment  to  about  600  operatives,  and 
consume  more  than  1,000,000  pounds  of  raw  silk  each  year.  Their  produc- 
tion of  sewing-silk  and  machine-twist  is  about  double  that  of  any  other 
works.  The  aggregate  length  of  finished  silk  from  their  works  exceeds 
2,000  miles  per  day,  or  more  than  enough  to  encircle  the  globe  once  every 


Abram   French  &  Co.,    Franklin,  corner  of  Devonshire  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


283 


two  weeks.  The  Nonotuck  silk  and  twist  are  sold  under  the  trade-mark 
names  of  "Nonotuck"  (the  early  Indian  word  for  Northampton),  "  Corti- 
celli,"  "  Bartolini,"  and  "  Clark's  Pure  Dye."  These  brands  have  received 
medals  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  and  at  Paris  in  1878,  besides  hundreds  of 
first  premiums  at  State  and  county  fairs  and  industrial  exhibitions.  The 
agency  for  the  New-England  States  is  under  the  charge  of  George  D. 
Atkins,  who  has  been  connected  with  the  Nonotuck  Company  for  the  past 
sixteen  years. 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co.  represent  E.  &  T.  Fairbanks  &  Co.  of  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.,  the  world-famous  scale-makers.  The  business  of  the 
Messrs.  Fairbanks  began  in  1825,  and  now  gives  employment  to  about 
1,000  men.  The  workshops  at 
St.  Johnsbury  are  solidly  built  of 
brick,  and  have  a  floor-area  of 
6£  acres.  The  corporation  own 
93  tenement-houses,  a  saw-mill, 
and  6,000  acres  of  timber-land, 
all  connected  with  the  works. 
4,000  tons  of  coal,  5,000  tons  of 
iron,  and  2,000,000  feet  of  lum- 
ber, are  yearly  consumed.  The 
annual  freightage  is  20,000  tons  ; 
and  the  annual  product  of  this 
factory  is  50,000  scales,  of  every 
conceivable  style,  size,  and  value. 
The  quality  of  these  scales  is 
unequalled  by  any  in  the  world. 
The  firm  has  twenty-eight  busi- 
ness depots  in  this  country,  a  jj 
large  establishment  in  London, 
and  branches  all  over  the  world. 

T  o-.  1  c  t.  n    x         Fairbanks,    Brown,  &  Co.,   Milk  and  Congress  Streets. 

In  1877  a  large  five-story,  fiat- 
roof  warehouse  was  erected  for  the  Boston  office,  at  83  Milk  Street,  front- 
ing Post-office  Square.  The  fronts,  27  feet  on  Milk  Street  and  95  feet  on 
Congress  Street,  are  of  light  Ohio  sandstone.  The  building,  in  appearance, 
is  characteristic  of  the  solid  concern  that  occupies  it;  and  the  architect, 
Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee,  fully  considering  the  needs  of  the  business,  adapted 
the  building  to  them.  The  building  is  in  one  of  the  very  best  locations,  and 
is  surrounded  by  the  new  Post-office  and  the  buildings  of  the  New-England 
Life,  the  Mutual  Life,  and  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Companies  de- 
scribed heretofore.  The  lower  floors  contain  a  beautiful  display  of  Fair- 
banks scales,  and  also  type-writers,  for  which  this  firm  has  the  exclusive 
sale  the  world  over. 


284 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Jones,  McDuffee,  &  Stratton,  one  of  the  most  reliable  firms  in  the 
United  States,  whose  customers  are  found  not  only  throughout  all  New 

IPg  England,  but  also 
throughout  the 
whole  country  west 
of  the  Hudson,  are 
direct  importers  of 
pottery,  porcelain, 
and  glassware  from 
all  original  sources, 
—  Japan,  China, 
and  European 
countries.  The 

immense  stock  of 
goods  is  of  all 
grades,  from  the 
commonest  to  the 
finest  wares. 
There  are  few 
places  in  Boston 
where  a  visitor  can 
spend  time  more 
satisfactorily  than 
among  the  thou- 
sands of  specimens 
of  fine  art  displayed 
in  this  establish- 
ment. The  large 
Nova  Scotia  free- 
stone building, 
erected  by  the  late 
Gardner      Brewer, 

situated  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Federal  Streets,  is  wholly  occu- 
pied by  this  firm.  The  business  was  established  in  1810  by  the  father  of 
ex-mayor  Otis  Norcross,  and  for  nearly  seventy  years  has  been  an  unin- 
terrupted success. 

The  Henry  F.  Miller  Pianoforte  Establishment,  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying steel-plate  engraving,  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation  in  the  piano- 
forte industry  of  the  United  States.  The  manufacturing  of  pianofortes 
has  always  been  a  prominent  industry  of  Boston,  and  the  instruments 
manufactured  by  several  of  the  Boston  firms  have  always  been  classed 
among  the  very  best  that  have  been  produced  in  any  part   of   the  world. 


Jones.   McDuffee.  &  Stratton,   Franklin  and  Federal  Streets, 


American  Tlanh  Note  <"o. Boston. 


THE 

HENRY  F.  MILLER 

PIANOFORTE  ESTABLISHMENT, 

BOSTO¥,MASS. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  285 

Moreover,  the  house  of  Henry  F.  Miller  has  for  a  long  time  held  a  leading 
position  among  the  pianoforte  manufacturers  of  Boston.  The  instruments 
of  this  establishment  have  been  used  in  several  hundred  concerts  given  in 
Boston  and  its  vicinity.  The  State  of  Massachusetts  and  the  City  of  Bos- 
ton have  purchased  concert  grand  pianos  made  by  Henry  F.  Miller.  The 
amount  of  business  done  by  this  house  compares  favorably  with  that  of 
other  manufacturers  of  strictly  first-class  instruments.  This  business  was 
established  in  1863  ;  and  for  more  than  twelve  years  previous  to  that  time 
Mr.  Miller  was  connected  with  other  pianoforte  establishments.  Three" 
sons,  who  have  been  educated  to  the  business,  are  associated  with  him,  and 
have  in  charge  various  departments.  To-day  agencies  for  the  Henry  F. 
Miller  pianos  are  established  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  throughout 
the  British  Dominions  of  North  America,  and  abroad.  The  large  and  spa- 
cious warerooms  are  in  the  same  building  with  the  factory,  where  there  is 
every  convenience  and  facility  for  doing  first-class  work.  By  this  connec- 
tion of  warerooms  and  factory  an  opportunity  is  frequently  given  to  visitors 
of  examining  instruments  in  various  stages  of  manufacture,  which  must  be 
a  pleasure  to  strangers  and  residents  interested  in  music.  The  establish- 
ment is  at  No.  611  Washington  Street,  and  occupies  a  five-story  beautiful 
iron-front  building. 

D.  P.  Ilsley  &  Co.,  385  Washington  Street,  is  one  of  those  firms  that  are 
indispensable  in  every  large  city.  People  desire  changes,  every  now  and 
then,  in  what  they  wear;  and,  consequently,  there  must  be  experts  who 
understand  what  will  satisfy  the  public  taste  at* each  new  turn.  Necessarily 
some  firms  cater  exclusively  to  the  buyers  of  cheap  goods ;  and  there  are 
others  whose  patrons  demand  the  best  quality,  the  most  exquisite  taste,  or 
both  combined.  Among  the  latter  class  of  firms  can  justly  be  ranked  D.  P. 
Ilsley  &  Co.,  who  for  the  past  13  years  have  done  a  great  work  in  bringing 
before  the  people  of  Boston  all  that  the  most  cultured  taste  or  most  com- 
petent judges  could  wish  for,  in  hats,  caps,  furs,  umbrellas,  canes,  and 
articles  belonging  to  a  stock  of  this  kind.  The  senior  member  has  had  a 
constant  experience  of  nearly  30  years  in  this  trade,  and  the  fully  deserved 
success  bears  witness  that  this  experience  has  been  put  to  good  use. 
The  stock  comprises  not  only  the  best  wares  manufactured  in  this  coun- 
try, but  also  those  of  foreign  countries,  the  selections  being  made  by  per- 
sonal visits  of  Mr.  Ilsley.  A  specialty  is  made  of  gratifying  the  desires  of 
every  one;  and  all  styles,  shapes,  or  qualities  of  hats  and  furs  are  made  to 
order  if  not  on  hand.  Messrs.  Ilsley  &  Co.  have  occupied  the  same  store, 
which  is  a  model  of  neatness,  since  they  began  business;  and  their  cus- 
tomers include  many  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  fashionable  families  of 
Boston  and  vicinity,  and  also  the  students  of  Harvard  and  Boston  Univer- 
sities, Tufts,  and  other  colleges. 


286 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


John  &  James  Dobson,  whose  carpet-warehouse  occupies  the  whole  of 
the  five-story  stone-front  building,  Nos.  525  and  527  Washington  Street,  are 

the  largest  carpet-manufacturers  in  the 
world.  Their  immense  manufactory,  at 
the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Pennsylvania, 
gives  employment  to  1,800  persons, 
roanufacturing  daily,  on  an  average, 
about  25,000  pounds  of  wool  into  car- 
pets of  every  grade,  from  the  finest 
Moquets  and  Wiltons  down  to  the  com- 
monest ingrains.  Its  manufactures, 
amounting  to  several  million  dollars 
yearly,  are  sold  throughout  this  coun- 
try. The  Boston  store,  in  charge  of 
Herman  S.  Judkins,  is  one  of  the  neat- 
est and  best  adapted  to  the  carpet- 
trade  in  Boston ;  and  the  stock  con- 
tained in  it  is  as  choice  and  complete 
as  that  of  any  house  in  this  line  in  the 
United  States. 

They  are  the  only  manufacturers  in 
the  world  that  can  furnish  a  retail  de- 
partment complete  with  the  produc- 
tions of  their  own  looms.  They 
were  awarded  the  premium  at  the 
World's  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 
They  have  also  large  stores  in  Phila- 
delphia,   New    York,    and     Cincinnati. 


They  have  a  large  corps  of  designers 
constantly    at    work     producing     new 

John  &  Jannes  Dobson,  Washington  Street.        pattems      and     designs,    and     thus    with 

every  season  they  are  able  to  furnish  rich  and  handsome  carpets  always 
of  the  newest  style. 


INDEX    TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


FULL-PAGES. 

Andros  a  Prisoner  in  Boston 5 

Boston  Common 73 

Boston  University  School  of  Medicine 113 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross 165 

City  Hall 53 

Club-Houses 235 

Great  Fire  of  1872 ...  15 

Forest-hills  Cemetery 223 

Lee  &  Shepard's  Establishment 131 

Lothrop,  D.,  &  Co.'s  Establishment 133 

Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospitai 113 

Monuments  and  Fountains 85 

Monuments  and  Statues 81 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts 99 

Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co.'s  Building Titlepage 

New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co.'s  Building Titlepage 

"Old  South"  Church,  The  New 153 

"  Old  State  House  " 67 

Public  Garden 77 

Public  Library 93 

Quarrel  between  Winthrop  and  Dudley 3 

"Traveller"  Building          ...                 67 

Trinity  Church 157 

Water  Works 57 


INSETS. 

Boston  City  Hospital Opposite  page  208 

Boston  English-High  and  Latin  School "      118 

"  Boston  Herald  "  Building "      146 

Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Establishment "      142 

Hotel  Brunswick "44 

Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker's  Clothing  Establishment          ...  "      276 

Map  of  Boston "          "22 

Maverick  National  Bank  Building 260 

Miller's  (Henry  F.)  Piano-Forte  Establishment "      284 

New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company's  Building  ....  246 

Post-Office  and  Sub-Treasury  Building Frontispiece 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.'s  Printing  Establishment Opposite  page  138 

Rockwell  &  Churchill's  Printing  Establishment "      140 

South-Boston  Iron  Company's  Works "      280 

Steamer  "Bristol"  of  the  Fall-River  Line "34 

(over) 

287 


INDEX    TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


American  House 45 

Andros  a  prisoner  in  Boston 5 

Arlington-street  Church 159 

Arlington  Street,  opposite  the  Public  Garden,     24 

Army  and  Navy  Monument 84 

Baldwin-place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers      .   197 

Beacon,  Beacon  Hill 2 

Bird,  Frank  W.,  "  Old  Bookshop"  of  .  .  .  139 
Boston  and  Maine  Railroad  depot  ....  37 
Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  depot ...     32 

Boston  Athenaeum 94 

Boston  Belting  Company's  Works    ....  278 

Boston  City  Hospital opp.  208 

Boston  Club-houses 235 

Boston  Common 73 

Boston  Dispensary 213 

Boston  English-High  and  Latin  School     opp.  118 

Boston  fire  of  1872 15 

Boston  Herald  building opp.  146 

Boston  Latin-School 118 

Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts 99 

Boston  Post  building 146 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co.,  Maiden  ....  279 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  ....  103 

Boston  Transcript  building 147 

Boston  University  School  of  Medicine  .  .  .113 
Boston  Yacht-Club  House,  City  Point  .     .     .  237 

Boston  Water- Works 57 

Bovvdoin-square  Baptist  Church 172 

Boylston  Market 267 

Brattle-square  Church 171 

Brewer  Fountain,  Boston  Common  ....  73 
"  Bristol,"  steamer  of  Fall  River  Line  .    opp.     34 

Bunker-hill  Monument 81 

Bussey  Institution,  Jamaica  Plain     ....   109 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross 165 

Central  Congregational  Church,  Jamaica  Plain  163 
Charity  Building  and  Temporary  Home    .     .   189 

Chauncy-hall  School 121 

Children's  Hospital 210 

Children's  Mission 195 

Christ  Church 156 

Church  of  the  Advent,  new 170 

Church  of  the  Unity 174 

City  Hall  . 53 

Congregational  House 181 

Consumptives'  Home,  Grove  Hall     .     .     .     .211 

Custom  House 68 

Daily  Advertiser  building 144 

Dobson,  John  &  James 286 

Dorchester  Heights  and  the  harbor  ....       7 

Dorchester  soldiers'  monument 85 

Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  Highlands  .  .  167 
Equitable  Life-Assurance  Society's  building  .  249 
Ether  Monument,  Public  Garden  ....  77 
Everett  Statue,  Public  Garden      ....  77 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co 283 

Faneuil  Hall  and  Quincy  Market      ....  266 

First  Church 151 

First  house  in  Boston 2 

Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Co.  .    opp.  142 

Forest-hills  Cemetery 223 

Fountain,  Blackstone  Square 78 

Fountain,  Union  Square,  85;   Chester  Square, 

85;   Sullivan  Square 85 

Franklin's  birthplace 6 

French,  Abram,  &  Co 282 

Frog  Pond,  Boston  Common 72 

Gateway  to  Granary  Burying-ground    .     .     .  220 

German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church 163 

Girls'  High  School 120 

Great  Organ,  Music  Hall 228 

Groom,  Thomas  &  Co 143 


Hancock's  House 12 

Harvard  Medical  School no 

Harvard  Monument 85 

Home  for  Aged  Men 194 

Home  for  Aged  Women 193 

Horticultural  Hall 230 

Hotel  Brunswick opp.     44 

House  of  the  Angel  Guardian 198 

Jones,  McDuffee,  &  Stratton 284 

King's  Chapel 155 

Lafayette's  lodgings 10 

Lee  &  Shepard 129,  131 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co 128 

Lockwood,  Brooks,  &  Co 137 

Lothrop,  D.,  &  Co 133 

Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker 276 

"  sectional  view,  opp.  276 

Map  of  Boston opp.     22 

Masonic  Temple 239 

Mass.  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary   .     .  214 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital 206 

Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital  .  .  .113 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology      .     .  116 

Mather  Tomb,  Copp's  Hill 221 

Maverick  National  Bank opp.  260 

Merchants'  Exchange ^.69 

Miller's  pianoforte  establishment  .     .     .    opp.  284 

Monuments  and  Statues 81 

Mount- Vernon  Church 176 

Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co 248 

New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society  .  96 
New-England  Mutual  Life-insurance  Co., opp.  246 

New  "  Old  South  "  Church 153 

Odd  Fellows'  Hall 240 

Old  Colony  Railroad  depot 35 

Old  Corner  Bookstore 136 

Old  South  Church 152 

Old  State  House 67 

Parker  House 42 

Park-street  Church 161 

Post  office  and  Sub-treasury,  U.  S.  .  frontispiece 
Public  Garden,  view  from  Boylston  Street,  76; 

view  from  Arlington  Street 77 

Public  Library 93 

Quarrel  between  Winthrop  and  Dudley      .     .       3 

Quincy  House 46 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co opp.  138 

Revere  House 46 

Rockwell  &  Churchill opp.  140 

Seaman's  Bethel 201 

Second  Church 173 

Second  Universalist  Church 175 

Somerset  Club  House 233 

Shavvmut  Congregational  Church      .     .     .     .178 

Site  of  Webster's  Home 9 

South  Boston  Iron  Co.'s  Works    .     .     .    opp.  280 

Speakers'  desk,  Winslow's  chair 95 

State  House 64 

St.  James  Hotel 47 

St.  Paul's  Church 160 

Sumner's  House 17 

Tremont  House  44 

Tremont-street  Methodist  Church      ....  168 

Tremont  Temple 229 

Trinity  Church,  new 157 

Turnhalle 238 

Washington's  lodgings 9 

Wellesley  College,  Wellesley 112 

Wesleyan  Association  building 181 

Whitney's  Rooms,  Equitable  Building  ...  49 
Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women  .  .  .  192 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  ....  183 
Young  Men's  Christian  Union 182 


INDEX   TO  TEXT. 


Adams  Nervine  Asylum,  215. 

Advertiser,  the  Boston  Daily,  144. 

American  Academy  of  Aits  and  Sciences,  102. 

American  College  and  Education  Society,  123. 

American  House,  45,  271. 

American  Library  Association,  124. 

American  Metric  Bureau,  124. 

Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company,  241. 

Apollo  Club,  105. 

Appleton,  D.,  &  Co.,  130. 

Area  of  Boston,  20. 

Aristides,  statue  of,  82. 

Arlington-street  Church,  159. 

Army  and   Navy    Monument,   Boston   Common, 

83-87. 
Arms  of  the  City,  29-40. 
Art  and  Science,  97. 
Art  Club,  Boston,  102. 
Arteries  of  the  City,  21-28. 
Associated  Charities  of  Boston,  204. 
Association  for  Destitute  Catholic  Children,  196. 
Athenaeum,  Boston,  92-94,  101. 
Athenian  Club,  234. 

Baldwin-place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers,  197. 

Bankers,  list  of,  262. 

Barry,  Fred.  W.,  140. 

Base-Ball  Association,  Boston,  237. 

Beacon,  the,  2. 

Beacon-hill  reservoir,  58. 

Beethoven  Hall,  231. 

Berkeley-street  Church,  172. 

Bicknell's  journals,  126,  149. 

Bird,  Frank  W.,  139. 

Blackstone  Square,  76. 

Boffin's  Bovver,  202. 

Bones  of  the  City,  219-224. 

Boston  and  Albany  Railroad,  33,  39. 

Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Library,  97. 

Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad,  34,  39. 

Boston  and  Maine  Railroad,  37,  39. 

Boston  and  Providence  Railroad,  32,  39. 

Boston   Asylum   and    Farm-School    for   Indigent 

Boys,  126. 
Boston  Belting  Company,  16,  277-279. 
Boston  College,  107,  115. 

Boston  Common,  6,  10,  11,  19,  23,  72-75,  220,242. 
Boston  National  Bank,  248. 
Boston  Museum,  227. 

Boston,  Revere  Beach,  and  Lynn  Railroad,  38. 
Boston  Safe-deposit  and  Trust  Company,  246,  263. 
Boston,  Sketch  of  the  History  of,  1-20. 
Boston  Theatre,  225. 
Boston  University,  107,  112,  114. 
Boston  University  School  of  Medicine,  114. 
Bowdoin-square  Baptist  Church,  172. 
Boylston  Club,  105. 


Boylston  Hall,  174.  179,  267. 

Boylston  Market,  176,  265,  267. 

Boylston  Medical  Society  of  Harvard  University, 

107,  no,  217. 
Boylston  Museum,  228. 
Brattle-square  Church,  171. 
Bridges  in  and  around  Boston,  26. 
Brighton  soldiers'  monument,  90. 
Brokers'  Exchange  Board,  Boston,  272. 
Burnham,  T.  O.  H.  P.,  138. 
Business  Houses,  the,  275-286. 
Bussey  Institution,  107,  109,  215. 

Cable,  H.  M.,  135. 

Carney  Hospital,  209. 

Carpenter,  George  O.,  269. 

Casualty  insurance  companies  of  other  States,  255. 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross,  163. 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church,  167. 

Cattle-Fair  Hotel,  48. 

Cecilia  Society,  105. 

Cemeteries,  Catholic,  222. 

Central  Burying-ground,  220. 

Central  Charity  Bureau  and  Temporary  Home, 
189. 

Central  Church,  161. 

Central  Club,  234. 

Central  Congregational  Church,  Jamaica  Plain, 
162. 

Channing  Home,  212. 

Charitable  Irish  Society,  199. 

Charles-street  Jail,  69. 

Charlestown  soldiers'  and  sailors'  monument,  88. 

Chauncy-hall  School,  120,  241. 

Chester  Square,  76. 

Children's  Friend  Society,  202. 

Children's  Home,  and  Home  for  Aged  Females, 
194. 

Children's  Hospital,  210. 

Children's  Mission  to  the  Children  of  the  Desti- 
tute, 195. 

Children's  Sea-shore  Home,  211. 

Christ  Church,  Salem  Street,  156. 

Church  Home  for  Orphans  and  Destitute  Chil- 
dren, 196. 

Church  of  the  Advent,  169. 

Church  of  the  Disciples,  171. 

Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  166. 

Church  of  the  Messiah,  179. 

Church  of  the  Unity,  173. 

Churches  of  Boston,  list  of,  184. 

City  government  of  Boston,  54. 

City  Hall,  20,  51,  52. 

City  Hospital,  Boston,  208. 

City  Hospital  Training-school  for  Nurses,  126,  208. 

City  Missionary  Society,  191. 

Claflin,  William,  Coburn,  &  Co.,  10. 


290 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Clarke,  W.  B.,  137. 

Clearing-house  Association,  260. 

Clubs,  233. 

Columbus-avenue  Universalist  Church,  174. 

Columbus,  statue  of,  82. 

Commerce  of  Boston,  39. 

Commercial  Exchange,  Boston,  270. 

Commonwealth  Hotel,  48. 

Congregational  House,  96,  180,  191,  232. 

Congregational  Library,  96,  181. 

Consumptives'  Home,  211. 

Continental  Insurance  Co.  of  N.Y.,  68. 

Co-operative  Society  of  Visitors  among  the  Poor, 

203. 
Copp's-hill  Burying-ground,  220. 
Correctional  institutions,  70. 
Court  House,  69,  95,  155. 
Crawford  House,  48. 
Custom  House,  68. 

Decorative  Art,  Boston  Society  of,  102. 

Debt  of  Boston,  20. 

Diet  kitchens,  212. 

Directors  for  public  institutions,  54,  190,  212. 

Disabled  soldiers  and  sailors,  193. 

Dispensary,  Boston,  212. 

Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Children,  214. 

Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Women,  214. 

Dobson,  John  &  James,  286. 

Dorchester  soldiers'  monument,  88. 

Druggists'  Association,  Boston,  218. 

Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  167. 

East-Boston  reservoir,  59. 

East  Boston,  squares  in,  78. 

Eastern  Railroad  Company,  36,  39. 

Educational  periodicals,  126,  149. 

Elevated-railroad  system,  28. 

Equitable  building,  49,  249,  264. 

Equitable  Life-Assurance  Society  of  New  York, 

249. 
Equitable  Safe-deposit  vaults,  249,  264. 
Estes  &  Lauriat,  135. 
Ether  monument,  83. 
Evangelical  Advent  Church,  168 
Evans  House,  47. 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co.,  283. 

Faneuil  Hall,  13,  18,  232,  242,  265,  266,  273. 

Faneuil-Hall  Market,  new,  265,  266. 

Faunce,  Walter  H.,  130. 

Female  Society,  Boston,  202. 

Financial  Institutions,  259-264. 

Fire  and  marine  insurance,  250. 

Fire   and   marine  insurance   companies   of  other 

countries,  255. 
Fire  and  marine   insurance   companies   of  other 

Slates,  256-258. 
Fire-department,  55. 
Fires,  11,  14. 

Fire-Underwriters'  Union,  Boston,  252. 
First  Church,  151. 
First  Congregational   Society  of  Jamaica   Plain, 

176. 
First  paper,  4. 
First  settler,  1. 
Fish  Bureau,  Boston,  270. 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  36,  39. 
Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Company,  142, 

280. 
Forest-hills  Cemetery,  221. 
Fort  Independence,  70. 
Fort  Warren,  70. 


Fort  Winthrop,  70. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  statue  of,  82. 

Franklin  Square,  47,  76. 

Free  Hospital  for  Women,  209. 

French,  Abram,  &  Co.,  282. 

French-flat  system  of  hotels,  48. 

Gaiety  Theatre,  227. 

General  Theological  Library,  97. 

German  Emigrant  Aid  Society,  190,  200. 

German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church,  163. 

German  musical  societies,  106. 

Ginn  &  Heath,  134. 

Girls'  High-school,  119. 

Globe  Theatre,  226. 

Globe,  the  Boston  daily,  149,  234. 

Glover,  John,  statue  of,  82. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  222,  239,  240. 

Groom,  Thomas,  &  Co.,  143. 

Halls,  232. 

Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  104. 

Harvard  Dental  School,  107,  no. 

Harvard  Medical  School,  107,  no. 

Harvard  Musical  Association,  104. 

Harvard  Monument,  87. 

Harvard-street  Baptist  Church,  174. 

Harvard  University,  107-110. 

Hawthorne  Rooms,  232. 

Heakt  of  the  City,  189-204. 

Herald,  the  Boston,  145. 

Highland  Street-railway  Company,  27,  28. 

Hollis-street  Church,  160. 

Home  for  Aged  Colored  Women,  192. 

Home  for  Aged  Men,  193. 

Home  for  Aged  Poor,  191. 

Home  for  Aged  Women,  193. 

Homoeopathic  Hospital,  115. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Dispensary,  190,  213. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  Boston,  217. 

Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf,  117,  126. 

Hospital  of  the  Public  Institutions,  212. 

Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  128. 

House  of  the  Angel  Guardian,  198. 

Hotel  Brunswick,  18,  43,  281. 

Hotels  and  Restaurants,  41-50. 

House  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  210. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  202. 

Horticultural  Hall,  230. 

Howard  Athenaeum,  228. 

Ilsley,  D.  P.  &  Co.,  285. 
Independence  Square,  78. 
Industrial  Aid  Society,  203. 
Industrial  School  for  Girls,  199. 
Industrial  Temporary  Home,  193. 
Infant  School  and  Children's  Home,  196. 
Insurance  Offices,  243-258. 
Investigator  Hall,  231. 
Israelitish  cemetery,  224. 

John  Hancock  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company, 

12,  246. 
Jones,  McDuffee,  &  Stratton,  284. 
Journal,  the  Boston,  148. 

King's  Chapel,  19,  154. 

King's  Chapel  Burying-ground,  219. 

Lacrosse  Club,  238. 
Ladies'  Relief  Agency,  203. 
Latin  School,  Boston,  117. 
Lee  &  Shepard,  129. 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


291 


Libraries,  97. 

Life-insurance  in  America,  244. 

Lincoln  Square,  78. 

Literary  Clubs,  236. 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  127. 

Littlefield,  George  E.,  140. 

Lying-in  Hospital,  Boston,  212. 

Lockwood,  Brooks,  &  Co.,  137. 

Lothrop,  D.,  &  Co.,  132. 

Lovering,  A.  \V.,  139. 

Lowell  Institute,  123. 

Lowell  Square,  78. 

Lunatic  Hospital,  Boston,  212. 

Lungs  of  the  City,  71-90. 

Lumber  Dealers'  Association,  274. 

Lynn  and  Boston  Railroad,  28. 

Macullar,  Williams,  &  Parker,  275. 

Manson,  A.  S.,  135. 

Marine  Society,  Boston,  274. 

Marine  underwriters,  board  of,  252. 

Markets  and  Exchanges,  265-274. 

Markets,  268. 

Masonic  Temple,  239. 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 

214. 
Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  217. 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  205-207. 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  94. 
Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  208. 
Massachusetts    Homoeopathic    Medical    Society, 

217-  . 

Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-insurance  Company, 

244. 
Massachusetts  Infant  Asylum,  195. 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  115. 
Massachusetts  joint-stock  fire  and  marine   insur- 
ance companies,  253. 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  215,  216. 
Massachusetts  mutual  fire  and  marine  insurance 

companies  having  agencies  in  Boston,  254. 
Massachusetts  Normal  Art-School,  121. 
Massachusetts    School    for    Idiotic    and    Feeble- 

Minded  Youth,  126. 
Massachusetts    Society    for    Aiding    Discharged 

Convicts,  200. 
Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty 

to  Animals,  203. 
Maverick  House,  48. 
Maverick  National  Bank,  259. 
Mayors  of  Boston,  list  of,  10. 
Mechanics'  Exchange,  272. 
Mechanics'  Hall,  231. 
Medical  Association,  Boston,  217. 
Medical  Examiner,  216. 

Medical  Improvement,  Boston  Society  for,  217. 
Medical  Library  Association,  Boston,  95. 
Medical  Observation,  Boston  Society  for,  217. 
Mercer  &  Whittemore,  246. 
Merchants'  Exchange   and   Reading-Room,  268- 

270. 
Metropolitan  Railroad  Company,  27,  28. 
Middlesex  Railroad  Company,  28. 
Militia  of  Massachusetts,  241. 
Mill-dam,  23. 

Miller's  (Henry  F.)  pianoforte  establishment,  284. 
Mind  of  the  City,  91-106. 
Mission  Church  of  our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help, 

166,  167. 
Montgomery  Square,  78. 
Morgue,  old,  216;   new,  216. 
Mount-Auburn  Cemetery,  224,  231. 
Mount-Hope  Cemetery,  222. 


Mount-Vernon  Church,  176. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  98-102. 

Musical  Societies  of  Boston,  104. 

Music  Hall,  Boston,  17,  18,  104,  105,  123,  162,  228. 

Mutual  Benefit  Life-insurance  Company,  New- 
ark, N.J.,  250. 

Mutual  fire  and  marine  insurance  companies,  254. 

Mutual  Life-insurance  Company  of  New  York, 
247. 

Mystic  water-works,  59. 

National  banks,  complete  list  of,  261. 

National  Revere  Bank,  242. 

Natural  History,  Boston  Society  of,  97,  103. 

Needlewoman's  Friend  Society,  200. 

Newbury-street  Grammar  Schoolhouse,  119. 

New-England  Church,  162. 

New-England  Conservatory  of  Music,  122. 

New-England  Furniture  Exchange,  271. 

New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  96. 

New-England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children, 

209. 
New-England  House,  48. 
New-England  Moral  Reform  Society,  199. 
New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  of 

Boston,  245. 
New-England  News  Company,  138. 
New-England    Scandinavian  Benevolent  Society, 

200. 
New-England  Woman's  Club,  234. 
New  English-High  and  Latin  School,  118. 
New  Jerusalem  Church  Society,  180. 
Nonotuck  Silk  Company,  282,  283. 
North-End  Mission,  Boston,  204. 
New  "  Old  South  "  Church,  154. 
New-York  and  New-England  Railroad,  38,  39. 
Nichols  &  Hall,  135,  182. 
Norfolk  House,  48. 

Ober's  Restaurant  Parisien,  49. 

Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  239. 

Old  Charlestown  Burying-ground,  221. 

Old  Colony  Railroad,  34,  39. 

Old  Corner  Bookstore,  136. 

Old  Granary  Burying-ground,  219. 

Old  South,  7,  18,  19,  152. 

Old  State  House,  19,  65. 

Orpheus  Musical  Society,  106. 

Paige,  John  C,  251. 

Paine  Memorial  Hall,  231. 

Parker-hill  reservoir,  58. 

Parker  House,  41,  236. 

Parker  Memorial  Hall,  231. 

Park-street  Church,  19,  161,  224. 

Parks,  76. 

Penitent  Females'  Refuge  and  Bethesda  Society, 

197. 
Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts  School  for 

the  Blind,  125. 
Pierce,  S.  S.  &  Co.,  9. 
Police-department,  56. 
Police  Relief  Association,  Boston,  203. 
Population,  20. 

Port  and  Seaman's  Aid  Society,  Boston,  201. 
Postmasters  of  Boston,  63. 
Post,  the  Boston  daily,  4,  146. 
Printing  establishments,  great,  140. 
Private  schools,  120. 
Probate  Office,  69. 
Produce  Exchange,  Boston,  270. 
Protective  department,  Boston,  55,  250,  251. 
Provident  Association,  Boston,  191. 


292 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Province  House,  22. 

Public  buildings,  51-70. 

Public  Garden,  75. 

Public  institutions,  directors  of,  54,  190,  212. 

Public  Library,  91,  92. 

Public  park,  71. 

Pulse  of  the  City,  205-218. 

Quincy  House,  46. 
Quincy  Market,  266. 

Railroad  business  of  Boston,  39. 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  140,  246. 

Reed  &  Brother,  66. 

Registration  of  charities,  190. 

Registry  of  Deeds  for  Suffolk  County,  69. 

Restaurants  and  cafes,  49. 

Revere  House,  45. 

Rockwell  &  Churchill,  141. 

Roxbury  Charitable  Society,  191. 

Roxbury  soldiers'  monument,  89. 

Rubber  Shoe  Company,  Boston,  279,  280. 

Safe-deposit  vaults,  263. 

Safe-deposit  and  Trust  Company,  Boston,  263,  264. 
Saturday-morning  Club,  236. 
Savings  banks,  262,  263. 
Schools,  Boston  public,  116. 
Scots'  Charitable  Society,  199. 
Seaman's  Friend  Society,  Boston,  202. 
Sears,  W.  B.,  252. 

Second  Church,  Dorchester  district,  173. 
Secret  societies,  239. 
Sewers,  public,  in  Boston,  27. 
Sewing  Circle,  Boston,  201. 
Shawmut  Congregational  Church,  178. 
Sherman  House,  48. 
Shipping  interests  of  Boston,  40. 
Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange,  271. 
Simmons  Female  College,  123. 
Small,  Willard,  130. 
Social  Law  Library,  69,  95. 
Society  of  Vincent  de  Paul,  197. 
Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home,  124. 
Somerset  Club,  233. 
Somerset-street  Baptist  Church,  169. 
Soul  of  the  City,  151-188. 
South-Boston  Iron  Company,  280. 
South-Boston  Railroad,  28. 
South-Boston  Reservoir,  59. 
South-Boston  Yacht-Club,  237. 
South  Congregational  Church,  176. 
Spelling  Reform  Association,  125. 
State  House,  2,  12,  63. 
State  Library,  65,  95. 
St.  Augustine  Cemetery,  222. 
Steam-railroads,  introduction  of,  29. 
St.  James  Hotel,  47. 
St.  John's  Church,  163. 

St.  Joseph's   Home   and    St.  Elizabeth's    Hospi- 
tal, 210. 
St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Females,  197. 
St.  Luke's  Home,  210. 
St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum,  211. 
Stockin,  A.  C,  130. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  160,  224. 
Street-railway  system,  27. 
Streets  and  avenues  of  the  city,  21-26. 
St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  196. 
Suffolk  Club,  234. 

Temple  Club,  233. 

Temporary  Home  for  the  Destitute,  194. 

Thomas  Park,  78. 

Tongue  of  the  City,  127-150. 

Transcript,  the  Evening,  147. 

Traveller,  Daily  Evening,  148. 

Tremont  House,  44. 

Tremont-street  Methodist  Church,  168. 

Tremont  Temple,  162,  183,  229. 

Trinity  Church,  156-159. 

Trust  Companies,  264. 

Tufts  College,  115. 

Turnhalle,  232,  238. 

Turnverein,  Boston,  232,  238. 

Twenty-eighth  Congregational  Society,  180. 

Union  Athletic  Club,  238. 

Union  Boat-Club,  236. 

Union  Church,  178. 

Union  Club,  234. 

Union  Freight  Railway,  35. 

Union  Hall,  231. 

Union  Park,  76. 

Union  Railway  Company,  28. 

Union  Safe-deposit  vaults,  263. 

Union  Temple  Church,  162,  230. 

United  States  Court-House,  63. 

United  States  Hotel,  48. 

United  States  Navy-Yard,  63. 

United  States  Post-office  and  Sub-treasury,  60-62. 

Valuation,  20. 

Walnut-avenue  Congregational  Church,  177. 

Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  in. 

Warren  Museum  of  Natural  History,  104. 

Washington,  equestrian  statue  of,  79. 

Washingtonian  Home,  215. 

Water-works,  54,  56,  60. 

Wellesley  College,  in. 

Wesleyan  Association  building,  135,  182. 

Wesleyan  Hall,  231. 

West  Church,  168. 

West-Roxbury  soldiers'  monument,  89. 

Wharves,  25,  36,  39,  40. 

Whitney's  Breakfast  and  Dining  Rooms,  49,  250. 

Whittier  Machine  Comnany,  281. 

Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women,  192. 

Winkley,  Thorp,  &  Dresser,  134,  143. 

Winthrop  Congregational  Church,  177. 

Worcester  Square,  76. 

Yacht-Club,  Boston,  236. 

Yacht-clubs,  237. 

Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  Boston,  200. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Boston,  183. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Union,  Boston,  182. 

Young's  Hotel,  48. 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


PUBLISHED   AND    COPYRIGHTED   BY 

MOSES   KING. 

ELECTROTYPING,    PRINTING,   AND   BINDING   BY 

RAND,  AVERY,  &  CO., 

BOSTON. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS. 


(Letters  A  to  E  inclusive  are  in  the  front  part  of  the  book  ;    F  to  R,  in  the  back  part.) 

NAME.  PAGE 

Alliance  Insurance  Company B 

Bicknell's  Journals M 

Boston  Belting  Company inset  opposite  G  and  H 

Boston  National  Bank        ...............         C 

Boston  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company G 

Bradford  &  Anthony,  cutlery,  sportsmen's  goods,  fancy  hardware,  etc A 

Brown,  Joseph  T.  &  Co.,  apothecaries  and  chemists D 

Brunswick,  Hotel,  J.  W.  Wolcott,  proprietor (back  cover)  R 

Chandler,  Victor  L.,  &  Co.,  engravers  on  wood N 

Claflin,  William,  Coburn,  &  Co.,  boots  and  leather D 

Clark,  W.  L.,  &  Co.,  photographers  ............         K 

Collins,  T.  F.,  blank-book  manufacturer,  binder  and  ruler I 

Conant,  James  A.,  designer  and  wood-engraver M 

Dean's  Interest  and  Equation  Exponents  (L.  L.  &  Moses  King) N 

Faneuil  Hall  Insurance  Company      .............         B 

Fish,  William  R.,  designer  and  photo-engraver         ..........         P 

"  Good  Times  " M 

Hotel  Brunswick,  J.  W.  Wolcott,  proprietor (back  cover)  R 

Ilsley,  D.  P.  &  Co.,  hatters  and  furriers F 

King,  L.  L.  &  Moses,  insurance-agents    ............  I 

Mercer  &  Whittemore,  insurance-agents   ........       inset  opposite  L  and  M 

"  National  Journal  of  Education  ".............        M 

"  New-England  Journal  of  Education  "............        M 

Nichols,  W.  F.,  &  Co.,  gentlemen's  furnishing  goods        .........         K 

Nonotuck  Silk  Company Q 

Ober,  Louis  P.,  "  Restaurant  Parisien  "............         O 

Paige,  John  C,  insurance-agent E 

Peters,  C.  J.,  &  Son,  electrotypers  and  stereo typers L 

Proctor  &  Moody,  stationers  and  engravers L 

Queen  Insurance  Company inset  opposite  L  and  M 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  printers inset  opposite  I  and  K 

Revere  Fire  Insurance  Company        .............         P 

Rice,  Kendall,  &  Co.,  paper,  paper-manufacturers'  materials,  etc C 

Sears,  W.  B.,  insurance-agent inset  opposite  G  and  H 

Shoe  and  Leather  Insurance  Company A 

Sweet,  Charles  A.,  &  Co.,  bankers H 

"  The  Primary  Teacher  "  ...............        M 

Whittier  Machine  Company,  elevators  and  boilers Q 

Winkley,  Thorp,  &  Dresser,  stationers,  blank-book  manufacturers,  etc F 

294 


Winkle  y,  Thorp  &  Dresser, 

Successors  in  the  Stationery  business  to  Cambridgeport  Diary  Co., 
who  succeeded  Cutter,  Tower  &  Co. 

Blank   Book   Manufacturers, 

AND  JOBBERS  OF 

SCHOOL  BOOKS  AND   STATIONERY. 


OUR   STOCK   COMPRISES  THE  LARGEST  AND  MOST  COMPLETE  LINE  OF 

BLANK  BOOKS, 

(Over  One  Thousand  different  kinds,) 

Photograph    and    Autograph    Albums,    Bibles, 
school,  office  and  miscellaneous  stationery, 

TO  BE  FOUND  IN  NEW  ENGLAND. 


W.  W.  WlNKLEY. 

E.  G.  Thorp. 
E.  D.  Dresser. 


117  Devonshire  St.,  Boston.  |  PoSt 


Opposite 
the 
Office. 


D.  P.  Ilsley  &  Co. 


HATTER  S, 

Importers  and  Dealers  in 
FINE 

American,  English  and  French 

HATS, 

Umbrellas,  &c„ 

ADAPTED  FOR 

Gents,  Indies  and  Children. 


BOSTON 


FURRIERS. 

OUR 

Dress  Furs 

FOR 

Ladies,  Gents  and  Children 

EMBRACE  ALL  THE 

MOST   DESIRABLE  KINDS 

IN 

Fashionable  Use. 


A  Specialty  is  made  of  Manufacturing^  Order  articles  to  meet  the  wants  of  patrons. 
OUR  IMPORTATIONS  ARE  OUR  OWN  SELECTIONS  IN  FOREIGN  MARKETS. 

D.    P.    ILSLEY   &    CO. 

385  Washington  St.  (opp.  Franklin  St.),  Boston. 


^ 


# 


DEPOSIT  AND 


O 


0 


i 


Post-Office  Square,  cor.  of  Milk  and  Congress  Streets. 


CAPITAL, 


$400,000. 


PRESIDENT, 

FREDERICK  M.  STONE, 


VICE-PRESIDENTS, 

FREDERIC  W.  LINCOLN,  THOMAS  TALBOT. 

Directors,— Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee,  Benjamin  F.  Brooks,  John  Cummings,  Oliver  Ditson,  Richard  S.  Fay, 

James  Longley,  George  C.  Lord,  William  Mixter,  John  Felt  Osgood,  Royal  M.  Pulsifer, 

William  E.  Putnam,  M.  Denman  Ross,   Henry  S.  Shaw,  Benjamin  F.  Stevens, 

David  N.  Skillings,  Gerard  C.  Tobey,  Thomas  J.  Whidden. 

Manager  of  Safe  Deposit  Department Edward  P.  Bond. 

n*„.-„..-m~  Frank  C.  Miles. 

I  reasurer,       ...••••  ... 

SAFES  TO  RKNT,  and  VALUABLES  STORED  IN  FIRE  and  BURGLAR  PROOF  VAULTS. 

The  Legislature  has  authorized  this  Company  to  hold  Estates  in  Trust  under  Will  or  Deed. 


ESTABLISHED    1865. 


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22  Water,  corner  Devonshire  Street, 


OPPOSITE    POST-OFFICE. 


BOSTON. 


P.  O.  Box,  3033. 


E.  H.  Sears,  Cashier. 


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Chas,  A.  Sweet  &  Co. 

BANKERS, 

NO.    40     STATE     STREET. 


All  issues  of  United  States  Government  Bonds,  Coupon  or  Registered, 

Bought  and  Sold. 

U.S.  5-20  Called  Bonds  Cashed  or  Exchanged  for  other  Governments,  or  first-class 

Municipal  Securities. 

Registered  and  Coupon  Interest  Collected  and  proceeds  remitted  promptly.  . 

Town  and  city  Loans  Negotiated,  and  a  choice    assortment  of   Securities  for  the 
Investment  of  Trust  Funds,  constantly  on  hand. 

Stocks,  Bonds    and    other  Securities    Bought   and    Sold    on    Commission   at   the 

Brokers'  Board. 

Orders  for  the  Purchase  or  Sale  of  Stocks  executed  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and 
San  Francisco  Stock  Exchanges  by  reliable  correspondents. 

NEW    LOAN. 

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BONDS  on  hand  and  for  sale  at  Government  rates,  giving  our  customers  the  benefit 
of  the  market  price  whenever  the  latter  is  more  advantageous. 

Chas,  A,  Sweet  &  Co. 

Government  Agents,    -   -   -    40  State  Street, 

BOSTON. 

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T.  F.  COLLINS, 

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AND  MANUFACTURER  OF 

FIRST-CLASS  ACCOUNT  BOOKS. 

BOOKBINDING  IN  ALL  BRANCHES. 

Railroad,  Insurance  and  Mercantile  Work  a  Specialty. 
Cutting,  Numbering,  Perforating  and  Paging. 

73  Federal  street,  Boston. 

Ji@=-Mr.  Collins  is  the  Patentee  of  the  "Collins  Striker  for  Ruling  Machines,"  adopted  by  the 
leading  bookbinders  and  the  United  States  Government. 


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t  h  e  !  w,  F.  Nichols  &  Co. 

R  TREMONT  HOUSE,  BOSTON. 

E     

^  Business  shirts, 

E 

]\r  Dress  shirts, 

■•■  Wedding  shirts, 

bH..R  1  With  Collars  and  Cuffs  to  Match. 


W.  L.  CLARK  &  COMPANY, 


SUCCESSORS   OF 


Portraits  in  Oil,  Crayon,  Water  Colors  and  Ink. 
Children  Combinations  a  Specialty. 


W.  Loring  Clark. 


C.  M.  Litchfield. 


Proctor  &  Moody, 

Fashionable  Stationers, 

Engravers  and  Envelope  Manufacturers. 


INVITATIONS,  VISITING  CARDS,  CRESTS,  MONOGRAMS,  DIPLOMAS,  ILLUSTRATIONS, 

LETTER,   NOTE   AND   BILL   HEADINGS,    CHECKS,    DRAFTS, 

CARDS,    RECEIPTS,   LABELS,   TAGS,    EtC. 

3  "7      WEST       STREET, 

[Opposite    Mason    Street.] 

boston. 


C,  J,  PETERS  &  SON, 

Stereotypers  and  Electrotypers, 


NO.  73  FEDERAL  ST.    BOSTON. 


Fine  Electrotyping  a  Specialty. 


BEST  WORK  AT  LOWEST  PRICES. 


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^ 


Assets  in,  the  U.  S. 


Keal  Estate  Company's  Building,  -     $289,621 

U.  S.  Bonds  deposited  with  Insurance  Depart- 
ment State  of  N.  Y.  and  other  States,  -     459,500 
In  hands  of  Trustees,  U.  S.  Bonds,     -        -  674,550 
Cash  in  Bank  and  other  Assets,      -        -        -      152/72 


LIABILITIES. 
Unpaid  Losses  and  other  Liabilities, 
Re-Insurance,  -         -         -         - 


$1,576,143 


84,947 
450,000 


$534,947 

Net  Surplus  U.  S.  Branch,  July  lst,1878,       $l,04iJ9« 


MERCER  &.  WHITTEM0RE,  Agents, 
Boston,  Mass. 


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Ut/mPdOland  LONDON 


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TRUSTEES  IN  NEW  YORK. 

SAMUEL  D.  BABCOCK,       WILLIAM  II.  MACY, 

Babcock  Brothers  &  Co.         Pres.  Seamen's  Savings  Bank. 
JAMES  M.   MORRISON, 
Pres.  Manhattan  Bank. 

DIRECTORS  MM  NEW  YORK. 

ALL  OF  WHOM  ARE  STOCKHOLDERS. 
SAMUEL  D.  BABCOCK,  F.  H.  N.  WHITING, 

HENRY  F.  SPAULDING,  J.  BOORMAN  JOHNSTON, 

MARTIN  BATES.  DAVID  BINGHAM, 

H.  B.  CLAFLIN,  JOSIAH  M.  FISKE. 


WM    H.    ROSS, 
Manager. 

GEO.  A,  DRESSER,  J,  A.  HOYT, 

General  Agent,  Sup  t  of  Agencies, 

37  &  39  Wall  Street, 

NEW    YORK. 


BJCKNELL'S  JOURNALS  OF  EDUCATION. 

(THE  NATIONAL  and  NEW  ENGLAND) 

HIGHEST 
AWARD! 

WEEKLY. 

The    Leading    Educational    Paper   in    America;    the  Only  One    in    New    England. 

Terms,  $3.00;  $2.50  in  advance. 
Address   THOMAS   IV.  BICKNELL,  Editor  and  Publisher. 


RECEIVED   A 

BRONZE    MEDAL 

At  the  Paris  Exposition, 


AS   THE 

First   Educational  Journal 

IN   THE    WORLD. 


Primary  Teacher, 

A  NEW  MONTHLY  MAGAZINE, 

DEVOTED    SOLELY    TO    THE 

Interests  of   Primary  and   Kindergarten 
Instruction   in   America. 

Editor,   WILLIAM  E.  SHELDON. 

$1.00  per  year,  in  advance;  Single  Copies,  15  cts. 

Published  the  fifteenth  of  the  month;  Teo  numbers  a  year. 


GOOD  TIMES, 

A  MONTHLY  MAGAZINE, 

FOR 

Day-Schools,    Sunday-Schools,     Parlor 
Pastimes.   &c. 

Editor,  MRS.  M.  B.   C.  SLAVE. 
One  Dollar  per  year;   Single  Numbers,  15  cents. 

Ten  numbers  constitute  the  year   (issued  consecutively). 


Club  Rates  of  our   Educational  Publications  : 

The  Journal,  with  Good  Times,  $3.00;  The  Journal,  with  Primary  Teacher,  $3.00; 

The  Journal,  with  both  the  Monthlies,  $3.50.       In  advance. 

Address  THOMAS  W.  BICKNELL.  Publisher,  16  Hawley  St,  Boston. 


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^@^m13  FRANKLIN, COR.  WASHINGTON  STS.^^_ 

±  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  Boston,  Mass  .^ 


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Designing  and   Engraving  on  Wood. 

XR.  JAMES  S.  SONANT  refers,  for  spesimens  of  his  work,  to  the  cuts  of 
the  "United  States  Fost-Offi2e  and  S"ah- Treasury,"  and  the  "  Eoston 
English  High  and  Latin  School,"  in  this  cook.  All  work  is  made 
wholly  satisfactory  in  every  respect  to  the  customer.  Estimates 
and  Sketches  will  he  sent,  or  can  he  called  for. 

JAMES  S.  CONANT,  Designer  and  Engraver  on  Wood. 

No.   13  Franklin  Street,   Boston. 


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liter  six  years'  constant  trial,  the  accountants  in 
every  part  of  the  United  States  are  firmly  convinced 
that  there  is  no  work  of  its  kind  to  be  compared  with 
DEAN'S  INTEREST  and  EQUATION  EXPONENTS, 
for  rapidity  and  simplicity  in   averaging  accounts,  or 
finding  the  interest  of  either  items  or  accounts.     By 
means  of  this  work  the  interest  of  any  sum,  at  any  rate, 
for  any  time,  can  be  ascertained  almost  at  a  glance. 
The  average  date,  or  due  date  of  any  simple  or  com- 
pound account  can  be  arrived  at  with  fewer  figures  and 
with  considerably  less  work  than  by  any  other  method, 
or  book,  ever  issued.  The  interest-balance  of  an  account 
that  is  generally  made  up  by  means  of  an  average  date, 


Dean's  Interest  and  Equation  Exponents. 


L.  L.  &  MOSES  KING,  St.  Louis,  Proprietors. 

can  be  found  more  readily  than  the  average  date.    The 
time-tables  show  the  number  of  days  between  any  two 
dates,  the  day  of  the  week  and  day  of  the  month  of  the 
maturity  of  any  bill,  whether  falling  due  in  an  ordinary 
or  leap  year.    Dean's  Interest  and  Equation  Expo- 
nents have  always  been,  and  are  yet  sold  with  the 
privilege  of  returning  within  thirty  days  if  not  satisfac- 
tory.    The  price  per  copy,  postpaid,  is  $5.00.     Over 
5,000  copies  —  seven  editions  —  have  already  been  sold 
and  are  now  being  used  in  every  part  of  North  America. 
Many  orders  from  Europe  have  been  filled.    The  books 
can  be  ordered  from 

MOSES    KINO, 

Harvard  College,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


VICTOR  L   CHANDLER  &  CO. 


^ffipWEI^+0N+W00D-§* 


3  School  Street, 


OVER    THE    "OLDCORNER    BOOK    STORE," 


BOSTON. 


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L.V» 


The  only  Restaurant  where  French  Cooking  is  made  a  specialty.  Oyster  and  Lunch  counter  for 
prompt  service.  Large  Dining-Rooms  for  ladies  and  gentlemen.  Private  rooms  for  Dinner  or  Supper 
Parties.     Open  daily  till  12  o'clock,  p.m. 

Mr.  Ober  calls  special  attention  to  his  large  stock  of  Wines  selected  by  himself,  in  France.  They 
are  recommended  by  Physicians  as  pure  and  wholesome,  and  are  sold  Wholesale  or  Retail  at  fair  prices. 


O 


Fire  Insurance 


OF    BOSTON. 

Office  No.  48  Congress  Street,  Boston. 

Insures  Buildings,  Houses  and  Furniture,  for  One,  Three,  or  five  Years; 
also,  other  classes  of  property  at  fair  rates. 


JOHN  W.   BELCHES,  Secretary. 


JOSEPH   H.  WELLMAN,   President- 


Nathan  Crowell. 
C.  J.  Whitmore, 

Alfred  T.  Turner. 
S.  T.  Snow. 

M.  F.  Dickinson,  Jr 


D  I  RECTORS: 

Geo.  E.  Hatch. 

Henry  P.  Stanwood. 
Benj.  P.  Cheney. 
Ezra  H.  Baker. 

Stillman  B.  Allen. 


Geo.  Thachcr. 

Jacob  H.  Loud. 

J.  Henry  Sears. 

John  R.  Bullard. 
Jos.  H.  Wellman. 


NONOTUCK    3ILK   COMPANY> 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Machine  Twist  and  Sewing  Silk, 


OFFICES: 
66  and  68  Thomas  Street,  3 

NEW  YORK. 

No.  88  West  Third  Street, 

CINCINNATI. 

No.  159  Fifth  Avenue, 

CHICAGO. 


^^CTORrATno^ 


TRADE-MARKS: 

NONOTUCK, 

CORTICELLI, 
BARTOLIN 


m,J  CLARK'S  PURE  DYE. 


TABUSHEDINI838- 


NO.  18  SUMMER   STREET,  BOSTON 


Charles  Whittier,  Pres. 


M.  Hanfokd,  E?ig'r. 


A.  C.  Whittier,  Treas. 


WHITTIER  MACHINE  COMPANY 


MANUFACTURERS   of 


■  Steam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

m  Steam  and  Hydraulic  Elevators, 


CD 


3  o 

id  J 
6  o 


CO 
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W 


New-York  Office,    120   Broadway. 


Henry  C.  Johnson,  Agent. 


R 


— 


DATE  DUE 


— mc. 


4-2014- 


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UNIVERSITY  HHUUUCTS,  INC.    #859-5503 


